Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Heather Novack Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Heather Novack Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
I approach treatment as a collaboration between two partners, working together to deepen our understanding of your concerns, and construct alternative ways of thinking, being, relating and feeling. As a relational psychodynamic therapist, I consider our relationship an essential mechanism of change.
I approach treatment as a collaboration between two partners, working together to deepen our understanding of your concerns, and construct alternative ways of thinking, being, relating and feeling. As a relational psychodynamic therapist, I consider our relationship an essential mechanism of change.
(410) 469-6344 View (410) 469-6344
Photo of Lisa Vinnacombe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Lisa Vinnacombe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, MLSP, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Have you been feeling “burnt out” and can’t figure out how to deal with the anxiety and lack of motivation? Are you in a relationship that feels unsatisfying or one sided and results in a sense of feeling stuck in a cycle that repeats itself? Have you experienced a sad loss or other emotionally painful experience that still hurts even though you feel like you should be "over it?" I hear many people who make the decision to come to therapy say “I should have done this a long time ago". If you can relate to any of the questions above, or are curious about how therapy can help you, I encourage you to reach out for a consult!
Have you been feeling “burnt out” and can’t figure out how to deal with the anxiety and lack of motivation? Are you in a relationship that feels unsatisfying or one sided and results in a sense of feeling stuck in a cycle that repeats itself? Have you experienced a sad loss or other emotionally painful experience that still hurts even though you feel like you should be "over it?" I hear many people who make the decision to come to therapy say “I should have done this a long time ago". If you can relate to any of the questions above, or are curious about how therapy can help you, I encourage you to reach out for a consult!
(610) 228-0742 View (610) 228-0742
Photo of Ronia Arabatlian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Ronia Arabatlian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Grief is like the ocean; it comes in waves, ebbing and flowing. Sometimes the water is calm. and sometimes it is overwhelming. All we can do is learn how to swim - Vicky Harrison. As a licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am deeply committed to helping individuals find healing and resilience in the face of life's complexities. However, my passion truly comes to life in my work with mothers who are walking a path less traveled. Having personally journeyed through the landscape of raising a child with special needs, I understand the spectrum of emotions, uncertainties, and triumphs that you navigate each day.
Grief is like the ocean; it comes in waves, ebbing and flowing. Sometimes the water is calm. and sometimes it is overwhelming. All we can do is learn how to swim - Vicky Harrison. As a licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am deeply committed to helping individuals find healing and resilience in the face of life's complexities. However, my passion truly comes to life in my work with mothers who are walking a path less traveled. Having personally journeyed through the landscape of raising a child with special needs, I understand the spectrum of emotions, uncertainties, and triumphs that you navigate each day.
(484) 669-0510 View (484) 669-0510
Photo of Courtney Bradis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Courtney Bradis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Do struggle with a lack of motivation, procrastination, depression, anxiety, feeling easily distracted, or having difficulty making decisions? Have you ever been described as lazy, messy, forgetful, or overly emotional? These are signs of ADHD, which often goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in women. Many people often feel like "bad adults" or struggle to understand why life tasks that seem simple for others are so difficult for them. The symptoms of ADHD, especially when left untreated, can seriously affect everyday life and relationships. Together we can find creative solutions to help manage these symptoms.
Do struggle with a lack of motivation, procrastination, depression, anxiety, feeling easily distracted, or having difficulty making decisions? Have you ever been described as lazy, messy, forgetful, or overly emotional? These are signs of ADHD, which often goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in women. Many people often feel like "bad adults" or struggle to understand why life tasks that seem simple for others are so difficult for them. The symptoms of ADHD, especially when left untreated, can seriously affect everyday life and relationships. Together we can find creative solutions to help manage these symptoms.
(267) 263-7813 View (267) 263-7813
Photo of Eve J. Cannon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Eve J. Cannon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPAT, ATR-BC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling to cope with big changes in your life? Perhaps you're adjusting to a shift in relationship or career, moving, going to college, or past trauma is resurfacing during a stressful time. Whether your challenges are new or familiar, as a counselor, art therapist, and holistic health coach, I'll help you break old patterns, shift your mindset, and find more ease in life. I also enjoy supporting helping professionals and caregivers to prioritize self-care. I offer individual therapy, supervision, and therapeutic art workshops (see Groups section below to learn more).
Are you struggling to cope with big changes in your life? Perhaps you're adjusting to a shift in relationship or career, moving, going to college, or past trauma is resurfacing during a stressful time. Whether your challenges are new or familiar, as a counselor, art therapist, and holistic health coach, I'll help you break old patterns, shift your mindset, and find more ease in life. I also enjoy supporting helping professionals and caregivers to prioritize self-care. I offer individual therapy, supervision, and therapeutic art workshops (see Groups section below to learn more).
(215) 999-6730 View (215) 999-6730
Photo of Janella D Dobbs, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Janella D Dobbs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19132
Life is like a rollercoaster, filled with ups and downs that can sometimes leave us feeling lost and overwhelmed. As your therapist, I want you to know that I've faced my fair share of life's challenges, including anger, grief, and worry. I chose this path because, beyond my passion for helping people, I've always been curious about exploring my own inner world and understanding the human experience. I genuinely believe that everyone can benefit from having a supportive and non-judgmental person by their side.
Life is like a rollercoaster, filled with ups and downs that can sometimes leave us feeling lost and overwhelmed. As your therapist, I want you to know that I've faced my fair share of life's challenges, including anger, grief, and worry. I chose this path because, beyond my passion for helping people, I've always been curious about exploring my own inner world and understanding the human experience. I genuinely believe that everyone can benefit from having a supportive and non-judgmental person by their side.
(215) 607-6870 View (215) 607-6870
Photo of Kristyn Tempora, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Kristyn Tempora
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
It is my goal to create a therapeutic space that promotes vulnerability and healing by providing an environment in which we are a team, you are the expert of your own life, and I meet you where you are at. I aim to help clients to realize a fuller version of themselves, paying particular attention to the ways in which systemic factors, such as oppression and trauma, can impact our internal struggles. I have an interest in and experience with "helping the helpers," such as therapists, public defenders, first responders, etc. No matter what your background is, we will work together to foster growth and lessen suffering.
It is my goal to create a therapeutic space that promotes vulnerability and healing by providing an environment in which we are a team, you are the expert of your own life, and I meet you where you are at. I aim to help clients to realize a fuller version of themselves, paying particular attention to the ways in which systemic factors, such as oppression and trauma, can impact our internal struggles. I have an interest in and experience with "helping the helpers," such as therapists, public defenders, first responders, etc. No matter what your background is, we will work together to foster growth and lessen suffering.
(267) 478-8371 View (267) 478-8371
Photo of David Goneau, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
David Goneau
Counselor, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19130
I primarily work with clients who struggle with their emotional and spiritual identity. This includes people working through addictions, abuse, anxiety and depression. I am trained in DBT and EMDR. My hope with counseling is to help empower people to confidently engage the challenges of their lives. I also work with married couples or those who are preparing for marriage.
I primarily work with clients who struggle with their emotional and spiritual identity. This includes people working through addictions, abuse, anxiety and depression. I am trained in DBT and EMDR. My hope with counseling is to help empower people to confidently engage the challenges of their lives. I also work with married couples or those who are preparing for marriage.
(610) 665-3672 View (610) 665-3672
Photo of Liora Schneider, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Liora Schneider
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
If anxiety, depression, substance use, trauma or relationship issues are in your way, you are not alone. If you were raised in a chaotic family system, you are not alone. There are so many ways we get derailed in life and I would love to help you find your truest self. I am an integrative psychologist and use Mindfulness, DBT, Psychodynamic and Trauma-focused orientation to help uncover the joy that is missing in your life. We all deserve a chance to heal and find our passion and contentment in life. My work with you is collaborative and focused on changing what is possible to change so that you feel good about yourself.
If anxiety, depression, substance use, trauma or relationship issues are in your way, you are not alone. If you were raised in a chaotic family system, you are not alone. There are so many ways we get derailed in life and I would love to help you find your truest self. I am an integrative psychologist and use Mindfulness, DBT, Psychodynamic and Trauma-focused orientation to help uncover the joy that is missing in your life. We all deserve a chance to heal and find our passion and contentment in life. My work with you is collaborative and focused on changing what is possible to change so that you feel good about yourself.
(484) 746-5082 View (484) 746-5082
Photo of Christine Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Christine Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146  (Online Only)
Sometimes the stress of our relationships, jobs and other responsibilities deter us from being our best selves. Using therapy to examine the areas you are struggling in and finding insights into your behavior can help unburden you from the routines you are stuck in.
Sometimes the stress of our relationships, jobs and other responsibilities deter us from being our best selves. Using therapy to examine the areas you are struggling in and finding insights into your behavior can help unburden you from the routines you are stuck in.
(267) 651-7788 View (267) 651-7788
Photo of Luisa Silva-Casullo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Luisa Silva-Casullo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I'm Luisa Silva-Casullo, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist deeply committed to guiding individuals through their unique therapeutic journeys. I intimately understand the complexities of the transition to parenthood, allowing me to be particularly attuned to the needs of women navigating this transformative phase of life. I specialize in working with individuals at any phase of their reproductive journey, including, but not limited to, some of the following themes: contemplating whether or not to have children, fertility struggles, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and coping with the struggles of parenthood.
I'm Luisa Silva-Casullo, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist deeply committed to guiding individuals through their unique therapeutic journeys. I intimately understand the complexities of the transition to parenthood, allowing me to be particularly attuned to the needs of women navigating this transformative phase of life. I specialize in working with individuals at any phase of their reproductive journey, including, but not limited to, some of the following themes: contemplating whether or not to have children, fertility struggles, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and coping with the struggles of parenthood.
(484) 401-7839 View (484) 401-7839
Photo of Betterment of Mind, therapy with Cristina Aicher , Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Betterment of Mind, therapy with Cristina Aicher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
My speciality is working with individuals experiencing issues with stress, anxiety, depression, addiction, over-eating, grief and trauma. My approach is to first identify existing coping strategies to deal with the current stressors. Together, we sort out the underlying problems and identify and develop a tool kit with more effective coping strategies for the many challenges that the world throws at you. We examine and re-frame your emotional reactions to current and past trauma. The relationship between therapist and client is really important for change; and I do my best to provide a warm, natural, humorous and relaxed atmosphere.
My speciality is working with individuals experiencing issues with stress, anxiety, depression, addiction, over-eating, grief and trauma. My approach is to first identify existing coping strategies to deal with the current stressors. Together, we sort out the underlying problems and identify and develop a tool kit with more effective coping strategies for the many challenges that the world throws at you. We examine and re-frame your emotional reactions to current and past trauma. The relationship between therapist and client is really important for change; and I do my best to provide a warm, natural, humorous and relaxed atmosphere.
(215) 645-4299 View (215) 645-4299
Photo of Ben Rathsmill, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Ben Rathsmill
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
There's no need to face your struggles alone. Ben believes that speaking with a therapist is a life-affirming decision, and intends on individually tailoring therapy to meet your needs, while always maintaining warmth, humor, caring, and directive. Giving yourself permission to try therapy, to find your inner sources of strength, is one of the most meaningful gifts you can give yourself.
There's no need to face your struggles alone. Ben believes that speaking with a therapist is a life-affirming decision, and intends on individually tailoring therapy to meet your needs, while always maintaining warmth, humor, caring, and directive. Giving yourself permission to try therapy, to find your inner sources of strength, is one of the most meaningful gifts you can give yourself.
(267) 209-6579 View (267) 209-6579
Photo of Sarah Du, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sarah Du
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
Being human can be overwhelming. Most of us are balancing various responsibilities on top of trying to give ourselves what we need, if we even know what that may be. My work focuses on making sense of what feels complex, placing it into words, and meaningful action. Many people I work with are struggling to balance personal wants and expectations of their families, experiencing internal conflict due to living in dual cultures, coping with trauma from substance abuse, racism, or are generally exhausted from worry and sadness.
Being human can be overwhelming. Most of us are balancing various responsibilities on top of trying to give ourselves what we need, if we even know what that may be. My work focuses on making sense of what feels complex, placing it into words, and meaningful action. Many people I work with are struggling to balance personal wants and expectations of their families, experiencing internal conflict due to living in dual cultures, coping with trauma from substance abuse, racism, or are generally exhausted from worry and sadness.
(215) 608-6022 View (215) 608-6022
Photo of Faarah Misbah, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Faarah Misbah
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
You might be asking, "How do I restore balance in my life?" In the complex dance of relationships, maintaining harmony can sometimes feel like an insurmountable challenge. Particularly in intimate relationships or within the family unit, it’s not uncommon to feel disconnected, despite your best efforts. Rekindling love, intimacy, and warmth in these relationships is within reach.
You might be asking, "How do I restore balance in my life?" In the complex dance of relationships, maintaining harmony can sometimes feel like an insurmountable challenge. Particularly in intimate relationships or within the family unit, it’s not uncommon to feel disconnected, despite your best efforts. Rekindling love, intimacy, and warmth in these relationships is within reach.
(610) 601-0024 View (610) 601-0024
Photo of West Philly Therapy Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
West Philly Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143
West Philly Therapy Center is a group practice that specializes in working with relationship, sexuality and gender related issues. While each of our therapist has their own style and specialty, they are all collectively & actively working from an anti-racist, queer & trans affirming, social justice, and trauma-informed lens. We provide a warm, collaborative and compassionate space for clients to process, explore, grow, and heal. We strive to develop a therapeutic environment of mutual trust, respect and care, where the complexities of each client's experiences and identities are honored.
West Philly Therapy Center is a group practice that specializes in working with relationship, sexuality and gender related issues. While each of our therapist has their own style and specialty, they are all collectively & actively working from an anti-racist, queer & trans affirming, social justice, and trauma-informed lens. We provide a warm, collaborative and compassionate space for clients to process, explore, grow, and heal. We strive to develop a therapeutic environment of mutual trust, respect and care, where the complexities of each client's experiences and identities are honored.
(215) 201-4599 View (215) 201-4599
Photo of WrightNOW Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
WrightNOW Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
Jobs, families and everything in between has prevented you from being able to take care of the most important person in your life, YOU. Finding yourself again and loving yourself again, is the most important key to happiness and success in life. This is where I can help. Through empirical practices and wholistic techniques, I am here to help you on your self-love journey. Regaining confidence, love and motivation to thrive in life is my speciality. When you help yourself, you improve your relationships. I will help you navigate and elevate the most meaningful relationships in your life. Start your elevation journey with me today!
Jobs, families and everything in between has prevented you from being able to take care of the most important person in your life, YOU. Finding yourself again and loving yourself again, is the most important key to happiness and success in life. This is where I can help. Through empirical practices and wholistic techniques, I am here to help you on your self-love journey. Regaining confidence, love and motivation to thrive in life is my speciality. When you help yourself, you improve your relationships. I will help you navigate and elevate the most meaningful relationships in your life. Start your elevation journey with me today!
(610) 609-2698 View (610) 609-2698
Photo of Kirsten Lynne Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Kirsten Lynne Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is to build a trusting relationship where you can start to explore your questions, current pain points, and life story without fear of judgment. My specialty is working with individuals navigating significant changes in their life - loss, identity formation, exploring sexuality, navigating divorce, or becoming a new parent. My approach draws from anti-racist, trauma informed, psychodynamic, systems-focused frameworks.
My approach to therapy is to build a trusting relationship where you can start to explore your questions, current pain points, and life story without fear of judgment. My specialty is working with individuals navigating significant changes in their life - loss, identity formation, exploring sexuality, navigating divorce, or becoming a new parent. My approach draws from anti-racist, trauma informed, psychodynamic, systems-focused frameworks.
(267) 459-9046 View (267) 459-9046
Photo of Daniel Mack, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Daniel Mack
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Are you tired of showing up in spaces only to be "othered" or have assumptions be made about you because of how you look? I get it because I've been there and this is something I still experience to this day. Whether you are Black, POC, or LGBTQIA+, there is space for you in this world and I am here to remind you that you can take up space. As a queer black man, therapy was never advertised to me or those who looked like me. I had to tackle the intersections of my identity on my own and it was lonely.
Are you tired of showing up in spaces only to be "othered" or have assumptions be made about you because of how you look? I get it because I've been there and this is something I still experience to this day. Whether you are Black, POC, or LGBTQIA+, there is space for you in this world and I am here to remind you that you can take up space. As a queer black man, therapy was never advertised to me or those who looked like me. I had to tackle the intersections of my identity on my own and it was lonely.
(215) 717-8908 View (215) 717-8908
Photo of William Dougherty, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
William Dougherty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
I have been in the mental health field since 1998, working for such organizations as Special Equestrians as a side aid volunteer assisting people with physical and/or mental health disabilities and Lenape Valley Foundation as both a house advisor and a Partial Hospital Program group therapist for people with severe and persistent mental illness. I also worked for Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia for their Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Program where I was a counselor for people addicted to heroin.
I have been in the mental health field since 1998, working for such organizations as Special Equestrians as a side aid volunteer assisting people with physical and/or mental health disabilities and Lenape Valley Foundation as both a house advisor and a Partial Hospital Program group therapist for people with severe and persistent mental illness. I also worked for Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia for their Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Program where I was a counselor for people addicted to heroin.
(215) 769-9906 View (215) 769-9906

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.