Therapists in Houston, TX

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Photo of Maria da Silva, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Maria da Silva
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77025  (Online Only)
I provide telehealth (video) counseling in English and Portuguese to adults suffering with: depression, anxiety, panic, social phobia, obsessions and compulsions, and struggles with relationships, perfectionism and career. Please understand that the success of the therapy is highly correlated to your ability to engage in the process. While having a rapport will provide a safe environment for you to express your challenges, in most cases, this is not enough. It requires your active participation in understanding how the mind works, where emotions come from and your behavioral choices.
I provide telehealth (video) counseling in English and Portuguese to adults suffering with: depression, anxiety, panic, social phobia, obsessions and compulsions, and struggles with relationships, perfectionism and career. Please understand that the success of the therapy is highly correlated to your ability to engage in the process. While having a rapport will provide a safe environment for you to express your challenges, in most cases, this is not enough. It requires your active participation in understanding how the mind works, where emotions come from and your behavioral choices.
(281) 378-5820 View (281) 378-5820
Photo of The Flourishing Way, Marriage & Family Therapist in Houston, TX
The Flourishing Way
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S, LPC-S, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77008
You're busy and anxious. The relationships in your life feel tense. Your child's behavior is concerning you, and your relationship with your partner feels nonexistent. You are so busy balancing everything you don't feel like yourself anymore. You feel like you've tried everything to get the spark back, but the harder you try the more tension builds between your child, partner, and self. You're not sure if you can fulfill all your roles anymore. It feels hard.
You're busy and anxious. The relationships in your life feel tense. Your child's behavior is concerning you, and your relationship with your partner feels nonexistent. You are so busy balancing everything you don't feel like yourself anymore. You feel like you've tried everything to get the spark back, but the harder you try the more tension builds between your child, partner, and self. You're not sure if you can fulfill all your roles anymore. It feels hard.
(832) 551-1094 View (832) 551-1094
Photo of Jessica Medina - Your Therapy Houston, Marriage & Family Therapist in Houston, TX
Jessica Medina - Your Therapy Houston
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77007
Has the quality of your relationships affected your personal life? Everyone deserves the opportunity to be heard and understood, but it is easier said than done. I help couples, young adults and teens with connection, communication, and conflict resolution. With a collaborative approach, we can learn the best way to work through your challenges to reach a better understanding of yourself and your relationships. Let's join forces & improve the quality of your everyday life as an individual, partner, parent, or family member.
Has the quality of your relationships affected your personal life? Everyone deserves the opportunity to be heard and understood, but it is easier said than done. I help couples, young adults and teens with connection, communication, and conflict resolution. With a collaborative approach, we can learn the best way to work through your challenges to reach a better understanding of yourself and your relationships. Let's join forces & improve the quality of your everyday life as an individual, partner, parent, or family member.
(281) 502-8465 View (281) 502-8465
Photo of Ryan Pescaia, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Houston, TX
Ryan Pescaia
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77006
Are you tired of holding? Whether it's holding it all together, holding everything in, or holding on to hope, it's all exhausting. Of course you're feeling burnt out, isolated, or lost. I promise to accept you regardless of what you've done, how you've behaved, or your darkest thoughts. I'm an individual and relationship therapist, but specialize in the LGBT+ population, poor communication skills, anxiety/depression, and non-monogamous relationships. As an emotionally-focused therapist, I emphasize unfulfilled emotions and how to meet those needs. I'm here to help you heal from hurt trust and mend your broken relationships.
Are you tired of holding? Whether it's holding it all together, holding everything in, or holding on to hope, it's all exhausting. Of course you're feeling burnt out, isolated, or lost. I promise to accept you regardless of what you've done, how you've behaved, or your darkest thoughts. I'm an individual and relationship therapist, but specialize in the LGBT+ population, poor communication skills, anxiety/depression, and non-monogamous relationships. As an emotionally-focused therapist, I emphasize unfulfilled emotions and how to meet those needs. I'm here to help you heal from hurt trust and mend your broken relationships.
(832) 345-6945 View (832) 345-6945
Photo of The Adolescent Center and Mental Health Services, Psychologist in Houston, TX
The Adolescent Center and Mental Health Services
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77098
Dr. Jackson has a bachelors' and masters' degree in General Psychology from the University of Houston. Her Doctor of Philosophy Degree is in Clinical Adolescent Psychology from Prairie View A & M. She has been involved in clinical work for the past 21 years and a college professor for 16 years.
Dr. Jackson has a bachelors' and masters' degree in General Psychology from the University of Houston. Her Doctor of Philosophy Degree is in Clinical Adolescent Psychology from Prairie View A & M. She has been involved in clinical work for the past 21 years and a college professor for 16 years.
(832) 925-3721 View (832) 925-3721
Photo of Michael D Soderstrom, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Michael D Soderstrom
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77055
I specialize in helping people suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) learn to overcome OCD and live happy and confident lives. I also treat Anxiety Disorders such as Panic Disorder and Social Phobia. As someone who struggled with OCD for many years, I understand the importance of providing all of my clients with constant validation and a safe space to disclose such difficult emotions. I take pride in helping my clients get rid of OCD completely and allowing them to live a much more fulfilling life.
I specialize in helping people suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) learn to overcome OCD and live happy and confident lives. I also treat Anxiety Disorders such as Panic Disorder and Social Phobia. As someone who struggled with OCD for many years, I understand the importance of providing all of my clients with constant validation and a safe space to disclose such difficult emotions. I take pride in helping my clients get rid of OCD completely and allowing them to live a much more fulfilling life.
(832) 648-2943 View (832) 648-2943
Photo of Yesica Lemus, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Yesica Lemus
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77018
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to providing intentional and thoughtful support to individuals seeking insight and healing. I work with adolescents and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, difficulty adjusting to changes, generational trauma, self-esteem concerns, challenges in relationships, and grief. I enjoy working with clients who are seeking insight into their emotional and behavioral patterns. As a first-generation therapist, I bring a unique perspective to my work with clients. I understand what it means to exist between two cultures and navigate those nuances and stressors.
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to providing intentional and thoughtful support to individuals seeking insight and healing. I work with adolescents and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, difficulty adjusting to changes, generational trauma, self-esteem concerns, challenges in relationships, and grief. I enjoy working with clients who are seeking insight into their emotional and behavioral patterns. As a first-generation therapist, I bring a unique perspective to my work with clients. I understand what it means to exist between two cultures and navigate those nuances and stressors.
(346) 644-7007 View (346) 644-7007
Photo of Paula A Sheppard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Paula A Sheppard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77002  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor for the past 24 years and I love helping people by coming alongside people at a difficult time. It takes courage to decide to start therapy. If life's pressures and stresses are getting you down and it seems you are not handing things well, together we can work towards developing better stress management skills to help you live the life you desire.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor for the past 24 years and I love helping people by coming alongside people at a difficult time. It takes courage to decide to start therapy. If life's pressures and stresses are getting you down and it seems you are not handing things well, together we can work towards developing better stress management skills to help you live the life you desire.
(346) 230-2802 View (346) 230-2802
Photo of Rosine Atidepe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Rosine Atidepe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77079  (Online Only)
As we mature through life some of us face more challenges than others. It is not the challenges we face that defines us but the steps we take to deal with the challenges that define us. Do you sometime wake up and you just can’t muster the energy to get out of bed today even with a million things that needs to get done? Do you sometimes wake up and before your day can even start you start to feel like your heart is about to fall out of your chest, racing too fast? With so much going on in life, it is hard sometimes not to feel anxious or depressed. You matter and I am here to listen!
As we mature through life some of us face more challenges than others. It is not the challenges we face that defines us but the steps we take to deal with the challenges that define us. Do you sometime wake up and you just can’t muster the energy to get out of bed today even with a million things that needs to get done? Do you sometimes wake up and before your day can even start you start to feel like your heart is about to fall out of your chest, racing too fast? With so much going on in life, it is hard sometimes not to feel anxious or depressed. You matter and I am here to listen!
(832) 501-3075 View (832) 501-3075
Photo of Lindsey Mannon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Houston, TX
Lindsey Mannon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77057  (Online Only)
I know how scary it can feel to talk about your anxiety, depression, low-self-esteem, fears, and any uncomfortable emotion for that matter. Being vulnerable can feel the opposite of what it is – courage. I believe in the power of self-awareness, and it’s one of the very best things we can do for ourselves. We all have personal weaknesses, struggles, and strengths, but only when we acknowledge them, can we empower ourselves. My goal is to provide a safe space for you to process, learn, grow, and ultimately feel better.
I know how scary it can feel to talk about your anxiety, depression, low-self-esteem, fears, and any uncomfortable emotion for that matter. Being vulnerable can feel the opposite of what it is – courage. I believe in the power of self-awareness, and it’s one of the very best things we can do for ourselves. We all have personal weaknesses, struggles, and strengths, but only when we acknowledge them, can we empower ourselves. My goal is to provide a safe space for you to process, learn, grow, and ultimately feel better.
(832) 400-4187 View (832) 400-4187
Photo of Revenite Therapy Services , Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Revenite Therapy Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77041  (Online Only)
My name is Jessica, owner of Revenite Therapy Services. I have been working in mental health for 8 years and started my practice late in 2022. I love to empower parents, especially mothers, to strengthen their relationship with their children so they can exist harmoniously, despite today's challenges. I earned my clinical psychology degree from Eastern Kentucky University and am registered with the VA to treat PTSD with CPT. I also have additional trainings in CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. My work is focused on treating PTSD, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, and parent/child interactions
My name is Jessica, owner of Revenite Therapy Services. I have been working in mental health for 8 years and started my practice late in 2022. I love to empower parents, especially mothers, to strengthen their relationship with their children so they can exist harmoniously, despite today's challenges. I earned my clinical psychology degree from Eastern Kentucky University and am registered with the VA to treat PTSD with CPT. I also have additional trainings in CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. My work is focused on treating PTSD, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, and parent/child interactions
(281) 916-2928 View (281) 916-2928
Photo of Jasmine Blue, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Jasmine Blue
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77084
I love working with clients who desire to heal their innerchild & willing to do the work to get the results.
I love working with clients who desire to heal their innerchild & willing to do the work to get the results.
(832) 737-8403 View (832) 737-8403
Photo of Brittany Rae Saldivar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Houston, TX
Brittany Rae Saldivar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCDCI
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77042  (Online Only)
Emotions are part of being human.I like to think of feelings as tools; indicators of where we are in life and that it may be time to explore change. All too often we find ourselves wrapped up in situations that evoke emotions so powerful, we can become overwhelmed. Regardless of your situation, I will meet you where you're at & help to identify and utilize strengths you posses as we move closer toward a place of clarity & growth. I enjoy helping individuals make sense of the past, as they work on the present and achieve a stronger sense of self.
Emotions are part of being human.I like to think of feelings as tools; indicators of where we are in life and that it may be time to explore change. All too often we find ourselves wrapped up in situations that evoke emotions so powerful, we can become overwhelmed. Regardless of your situation, I will meet you where you're at & help to identify and utilize strengths you posses as we move closer toward a place of clarity & growth. I enjoy helping individuals make sense of the past, as they work on the present and achieve a stronger sense of self.
(346) 275-3263 View (346) 275-3263
Photo of Dr. Esther Jimenez Ph. D., Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Dr. Esther Jimenez Ph. D.
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MS, LPC, BCST, EMDR
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77056
Help clients presenting with sexual, physical, and emotional trauma, neglect, abandonment, inner child wounds, grief, depression, anxiety, infidelity (affair recovery/betrayal), codependency, interfaith relationships, self-esteem issues, adult survivors of sexual trauma, communication problems, sexless marriages (fostering feelings of rejection, resentment, frustration, loneliness, and ultimately emotional disconnect/distancing), 'roommate syndrome.' I also work with those experiencing sexual issues that lead to performance anxiety, low desire, mismatch in physical/sexual intimacy between partners, ED, etc
Help clients presenting with sexual, physical, and emotional trauma, neglect, abandonment, inner child wounds, grief, depression, anxiety, infidelity (affair recovery/betrayal), codependency, interfaith relationships, self-esteem issues, adult survivors of sexual trauma, communication problems, sexless marriages (fostering feelings of rejection, resentment, frustration, loneliness, and ultimately emotional disconnect/distancing), 'roommate syndrome.' I also work with those experiencing sexual issues that lead to performance anxiety, low desire, mismatch in physical/sexual intimacy between partners, ED, etc
(346) 214-4189 View (346) 214-4189
Photo of David Ventimiglia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Houston, TX
David Ventimiglia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77007  (Online Only)
Sometimes the hardest step is the first step. I look forward to working together to create a safe environment which will allow a meaningful exploration of your thoughts and feelings, to build trust and confidence in reaching your goals and make life-long changes.
Sometimes the hardest step is the first step. I look forward to working together to create a safe environment which will allow a meaningful exploration of your thoughts and feelings, to build trust and confidence in reaching your goals and make life-long changes.
(832) 895-8027 View (832) 895-8027
Photo of Gracefully Rooted Counseling & Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Houston, TX
Gracefully Rooted Counseling & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77058
Do you come from a complicated family? Have you experienced childhood trauma or sexual abuse? Have you maybe experienced relational or spiritual abuse or hurt and know that it’s affecting you but you haven’t known how to address it other than talking about it? My client’s are aware that their past experiences affect who they are & how they show up in the world. They want support in healing & changing so they can be free of chronic symptoms & be themselves again! I specialize in helping people achieve lasting relief & growth from the experiences that shape & impact us. Learn more & take our quiz: www.gracefullyrootedcounseling.com
Do you come from a complicated family? Have you experienced childhood trauma or sexual abuse? Have you maybe experienced relational or spiritual abuse or hurt and know that it’s affecting you but you haven’t known how to address it other than talking about it? My client’s are aware that their past experiences affect who they are & how they show up in the world. They want support in healing & changing so they can be free of chronic symptoms & be themselves again! I specialize in helping people achieve lasting relief & growth from the experiences that shape & impact us. Learn more & take our quiz: www.gracefullyrootedcounseling.com
(281) 559-7716 View (281) 559-7716
Photo of Myron Howard Friedman, Psychologist in Houston, TX
Myron Howard Friedman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77027
I have spent the past 40 years evaluating and treating children and adults with ADHD symptoms. I believe that with the correct assessment and treatment children and families can have a better and happier life. At this time I am only accepting new patients who are seeking a comprehensive evaluation. No custody or forensic evaluations. No insurance.
I have spent the past 40 years evaluating and treating children and adults with ADHD symptoms. I believe that with the correct assessment and treatment children and families can have a better and happier life. At this time I am only accepting new patients who are seeking a comprehensive evaluation. No custody or forensic evaluations. No insurance.
(281) 245-0817 View (281) 245-0817
Photo of John Najera, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
John Najera
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77096
Making changes in life can be difficult. Regaining your balance after the shock and impact of trauma, grief and loss can be overwhelming and feel as if nothing will get better. Relationships are important to you, yet sometimes bring on difficult feelings. Life after recovering from substance use can be challenging to navigate and can feel strange. You’ve taken the first step by reaching out. The good news is that you don't have to do it alone.
Making changes in life can be difficult. Regaining your balance after the shock and impact of trauma, grief and loss can be overwhelming and feel as if nothing will get better. Relationships are important to you, yet sometimes bring on difficult feelings. Life after recovering from substance use can be challenging to navigate and can feel strange. You’ve taken the first step by reaching out. The good news is that you don't have to do it alone.
(713) 528-8190 View (713) 528-8190
Photo of Lauren Lappe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Lauren Lappe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77008  (Online Only)
Now offering Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy! With over 18 years as a Licensed Professional Counselor, I bring a wealth of expertise to guide individuals through the complexities of life. As a seasoned Therapist, Professional Life Coach, and Brain Health Coach, I am able to offer a comprehensive and holistic approach. My focus lies in assisting adolescents and adults in navigating struggles such as anxiety, mood disorders, and life transitions. My primary goal is to empower you by recognizing your strengths, equipping you with essential coping skills, and facilitating a path toward living life to its fullest potential.
Now offering Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy! With over 18 years as a Licensed Professional Counselor, I bring a wealth of expertise to guide individuals through the complexities of life. As a seasoned Therapist, Professional Life Coach, and Brain Health Coach, I am able to offer a comprehensive and holistic approach. My focus lies in assisting adolescents and adults in navigating struggles such as anxiety, mood disorders, and life transitions. My primary goal is to empower you by recognizing your strengths, equipping you with essential coping skills, and facilitating a path toward living life to its fullest potential.
(281) 306-1989 View (281) 306-1989
Photo of Dr. Frances Deavers, Psychologist in Houston, TX
Dr. Frances Deavers
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77008  (Online Only)
It is an inevitable part of living that we will face obstacles, setbacks, and heartache. Resilience means persevering with strength and flexibility in the face of life’s challenges. Wellbeing means committing to the daily pursuit of a fulfilling, healthy, meaningful life. Committing to daily actions in service of what is important to you intellectually, emotionally, physically, socially, and spiritually. I am a clinical psychologist, licensed in Texas and based in Houston. I focus on providing a supportive environment and practical tools to help people overcome challenges and lead a fulfilling life.
It is an inevitable part of living that we will face obstacles, setbacks, and heartache. Resilience means persevering with strength and flexibility in the face of life’s challenges. Wellbeing means committing to the daily pursuit of a fulfilling, healthy, meaningful life. Committing to daily actions in service of what is important to you intellectually, emotionally, physically, socially, and spiritually. I am a clinical psychologist, licensed in Texas and based in Houston. I focus on providing a supportive environment and practical tools to help people overcome challenges and lead a fulfilling life.
(713) 903-8291 View (713) 903-8291

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Houston, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Houston, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
68% Relationship Issues
66% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
80% Cigna and Evernorth
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Houston, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Houston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.