Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Emily Reynoso, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Emily Reynoso
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
I believe that therapy should be a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space, that offers the opportunity to process and make sense of emotions and experiences, and move towards deeper sense of self understanding. I am dedicated to helping people identify how certain thoughts, feelings and behaviors contribute to distress, and creating a collaborative path to change. My passion for providing therapy comes from the belief that we are inherently aware of what we need to be successful and are capable of making the changes necessary to move in a positive direction.
I believe that therapy should be a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space, that offers the opportunity to process and make sense of emotions and experiences, and move towards deeper sense of self understanding. I am dedicated to helping people identify how certain thoughts, feelings and behaviors contribute to distress, and creating a collaborative path to change. My passion for providing therapy comes from the belief that we are inherently aware of what we need to be successful and are capable of making the changes necessary to move in a positive direction.
(773) 570-7693 View (773) 570-7693
Photo of Kim Davidson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Kim Davidson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Are you looking for support during a life transition, stressful time, or as you navigate setting boundaries in your life? I provide empathic support during my clients' journeys through a challenging world. I support individuals in breaking free from the various stories the world has told about them and help them feel empowered to write their own stories, identify goals and reclaim the narrative of their lives. I also encourage clients to speak to themselves with kindness, grace, and compassion and to honor the power of their voice.
Are you looking for support during a life transition, stressful time, or as you navigate setting boundaries in your life? I provide empathic support during my clients' journeys through a challenging world. I support individuals in breaking free from the various stories the world has told about them and help them feel empowered to write their own stories, identify goals and reclaim the narrative of their lives. I also encourage clients to speak to themselves with kindness, grace, and compassion and to honor the power of their voice.
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Photo of Jess A Benge, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Jess A Benge
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-I
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Waitlist for new clients
Extensive research shows the client-therapist relationship is the most essential part of therapy. I encourage you to find the right fit. Topics I have helped clients successfully work through: complex trauma, helping change attachment styles, boundary identification & implementation, infidelity, dysfunctional communication, repetitive arguments on the same topic, kinks or differences in sexual interests (ex. BDSM, non-monogamy, cuckolding, etc.), and severe anxiety/depression. I enjoy helping individuals & couples find new ways of relating in order to embrace the complexity of love in their relationships.
Extensive research shows the client-therapist relationship is the most essential part of therapy. I encourage you to find the right fit. Topics I have helped clients successfully work through: complex trauma, helping change attachment styles, boundary identification & implementation, infidelity, dysfunctional communication, repetitive arguments on the same topic, kinks or differences in sexual interests (ex. BDSM, non-monogamy, cuckolding, etc.), and severe anxiety/depression. I enjoy helping individuals & couples find new ways of relating in order to embrace the complexity of love in their relationships.
(872) 250-5811 View (872) 250-5811
Photo of Nicolas Warner, PsyD, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Nicolas Warner, PsyD
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
I believe personal growth and change is achieved through exploration into the origins of one's difficulties, gaining self-awareness, and learning new patterns of relating to oneself and others. My intention in my therapeutic work is to assist patients in identifying and evaluating patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that lead to difficulties in one's life and relationships. Increased awareness into underlying motivations and problematic relational patterns creates an environment where healthy changes can be explored. Each patient's treatment is tailored to specifically address their unique challenges.
I believe personal growth and change is achieved through exploration into the origins of one's difficulties, gaining self-awareness, and learning new patterns of relating to oneself and others. My intention in my therapeutic work is to assist patients in identifying and evaluating patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that lead to difficulties in one's life and relationships. Increased awareness into underlying motivations and problematic relational patterns creates an environment where healthy changes can be explored. Each patient's treatment is tailored to specifically address their unique challenges.
(773) 328-8074 View (773) 328-8074
Photo of Justin Sato, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Justin Sato
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MBA, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
All of us yearn for a sense of belonging, and it is human to feel lonely due to issues we may be facing in life. Feeling alone can have a detrimental impact not only to our mental/emotional health, but also physical health. I'm here to support you in your mental health journey and working towards a better quality of life. I strive for social justice and am attuned to the impacts and influences of society and culture. I approach therapy from a trauma-informed and harm reduction lens, meaning I’m sensitive to the past experiences that have shaped you into who you are today while working in a collaborative approach.
All of us yearn for a sense of belonging, and it is human to feel lonely due to issues we may be facing in life. Feeling alone can have a detrimental impact not only to our mental/emotional health, but also physical health. I'm here to support you in your mental health journey and working towards a better quality of life. I strive for social justice and am attuned to the impacts and influences of society and culture. I approach therapy from a trauma-informed and harm reduction lens, meaning I’m sensitive to the past experiences that have shaped you into who you are today while working in a collaborative approach.
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Photo of Elizabeth Tulsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Elizabeth Tulsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
I believe the therapeutic relationship is a crucial and transformative vehicle and I work hard to build a trusting relationship where you feel deeply seen, heard and valued. I believe each person knows themselves best and I will honor your individuality and work collaboratively with you to help you attain your goals for healing, change, and growth. My areas of focus include managing anxiety and stress, relational issues, general life transitions, family of origin and attachment issues, parenting issues, PTSD and complex trauma, identity development and identifying and unpacking biases. I am LQBTQIA+ affirming.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is a crucial and transformative vehicle and I work hard to build a trusting relationship where you feel deeply seen, heard and valued. I believe each person knows themselves best and I will honor your individuality and work collaboratively with you to help you attain your goals for healing, change, and growth. My areas of focus include managing anxiety and stress, relational issues, general life transitions, family of origin and attachment issues, parenting issues, PTSD and complex trauma, identity development and identifying and unpacking biases. I am LQBTQIA+ affirming.
(872) 201-3647 View (872) 201-3647
Photo of Sheila Marie Collins, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Sheila Marie Collins
Psychologist, PsyD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
I am a strong believer that successful therapy is centered around finding a therapist that’s a good fit for you. It can be hard to make steps toward change- whether those big changes or small. I focus both on developing new strengths and skills to effectively manage life’s difficulties in the short term, while gaining insight into reasons behind behaviors to regain the control and understanding of past patterns to facilitate future autonomy in handling life’s stressors. My style has been described by clients as supportive, warm, interactive, easy to talk to, direct, nonjudgmental while also being able to utilize humor & creativity.
I am a strong believer that successful therapy is centered around finding a therapist that’s a good fit for you. It can be hard to make steps toward change- whether those big changes or small. I focus both on developing new strengths and skills to effectively manage life’s difficulties in the short term, while gaining insight into reasons behind behaviors to regain the control and understanding of past patterns to facilitate future autonomy in handling life’s stressors. My style has been described by clients as supportive, warm, interactive, easy to talk to, direct, nonjudgmental while also being able to utilize humor & creativity.
(312) 940-1858 View (312) 940-1858
Photo of Andrea Lea Bushala, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Andrea Lea Bushala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT, SSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60641
I am a practicing and licensed psychotherapist specializing in working with children ages 1-10 and their families. My focus is on understanding the strengths and challenges of each child and then developing a treatment protocol designed to best support the child in the context of their family and larger community. While working with children in therapy, I often work extensively with the parents so that they can understand the emotional challenges beneath their child's behaviors and be an active part of their child's healing long term.
I am a practicing and licensed psychotherapist specializing in working with children ages 1-10 and their families. My focus is on understanding the strengths and challenges of each child and then developing a treatment protocol designed to best support the child in the context of their family and larger community. While working with children in therapy, I often work extensively with the parents so that they can understand the emotional challenges beneath their child's behaviors and be an active part of their child's healing long term.
(773) 993-1573 View (773) 993-1573
Photo of Talia Stewart in Chicago, IL
Talia Stewart
MS
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603  (Online Only)
Hailing from the vibrant city of Chicago, IL, Talia Stewart brings a decade of experience in education to her role as a Virtual Mental Health Consultant at Quantum. Holding a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Talia has dedicated her career to nurturing the mental well-being of individuals, particularly within the Black and Brown communities.
Hailing from the vibrant city of Chicago, IL, Talia Stewart brings a decade of experience in education to her role as a Virtual Mental Health Consultant at Quantum. Holding a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Talia has dedicated her career to nurturing the mental well-being of individuals, particularly within the Black and Brown communities.
(773) 786-9391 View (773) 786-9391
Photo of Jen Thomas & Associates LTD, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jen Thomas & Associates LTD
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LASOP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60609
We are a practice committed to: Hope and Acceptance, Love and Compassion, Healing and Growth. We specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy and trauma informed care with the goal of finding resolution and peace to issues and concerns which are getting in the way of living your happiest life.
We are a practice committed to: Hope and Acceptance, Love and Compassion, Healing and Growth. We specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy and trauma informed care with the goal of finding resolution and peace to issues and concerns which are getting in the way of living your happiest life.
(773) 922-6955 View (773) 922-6955
Photo of Jl Family Services Ltd. in Chicago, IL
Jl Family Services Ltd.
LCPC, CADC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
I have a deep passion for working with individuals seeking support for issues related to sex, sexual dysfunction, and substance abuse. I believe in the transformative power of addressing these challenges head-on and creating a space where healing can flourish. With empathy and expertise, I am here to guide you on your unique path toward reclaiming your sexual well-being and overcoming substance abuse, empowering you to live a fulfilling and vibrant life. I am dedicated to guiding individuals toward a path of healing, empowerment, and personal growth.
I have a deep passion for working with individuals seeking support for issues related to sex, sexual dysfunction, and substance abuse. I believe in the transformative power of addressing these challenges head-on and creating a space where healing can flourish. With empathy and expertise, I am here to guide you on your unique path toward reclaiming your sexual well-being and overcoming substance abuse, empowering you to live a fulfilling and vibrant life. I am dedicated to guiding individuals toward a path of healing, empowerment, and personal growth.
(312) 957-7682 View (312) 957-7682
Photo of Caroline Roa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Caroline Roa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60608
Hello! My name is Caroline Roa, and I am a licensed clinical social worker providing a wide array of therapeutic treatments through a trauma-informed lens. Listening to your needs non-judgmentally and supporting you in building hope, purpose, and holistic healing of both the mind and body is my consistent approach as a therapist. I am passionate about working with individuals most impacted by various forms of oppression, adversity, and exposure to trauma. Through personal and professional experience, I have also grown most comfortable working with first-gen/immigrant persons as well as those that identify within the BIPOC community.
Hello! My name is Caroline Roa, and I am a licensed clinical social worker providing a wide array of therapeutic treatments through a trauma-informed lens. Listening to your needs non-judgmentally and supporting you in building hope, purpose, and holistic healing of both the mind and body is my consistent approach as a therapist. I am passionate about working with individuals most impacted by various forms of oppression, adversity, and exposure to trauma. Through personal and professional experience, I have also grown most comfortable working with first-gen/immigrant persons as well as those that identify within the BIPOC community.
(773) 985-1310 View (773) 985-1310
Photo of Amy Wasserman in Chicago, IL
Amy Wasserman
MPH, PMHNP, APRN, CNM, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
Whether you are seeking preconception consultation, experiencing new or worsening perinatal mood/anxiety symptoms or managing mood changes related to hormonal transitions during your lifetime (i.e. puberty, lactation weaning, fertility treatments, perimenopause or starting gender-affirming hormones), my goal is to ensure you feel safe to share your story and be informed and knowledgeable about all your options. Together we will develop a treatment plan that aligns with your values and identities. This may include lifestyle changes, supplements, alternative and complementary therapies, psychotherapeutic and/or pharmacologic options.
Whether you are seeking preconception consultation, experiencing new or worsening perinatal mood/anxiety symptoms or managing mood changes related to hormonal transitions during your lifetime (i.e. puberty, lactation weaning, fertility treatments, perimenopause or starting gender-affirming hormones), my goal is to ensure you feel safe to share your story and be informed and knowledgeable about all your options. Together we will develop a treatment plan that aligns with your values and identities. This may include lifestyle changes, supplements, alternative and complementary therapies, psychotherapeutic and/or pharmacologic options.
(872) 259-9753 x1 View (872) 259-9753 x1
Photo of Tara Bryant-Edwards, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Tara Bryant-Edwards
Counselor, PhD, MBA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I see life as a series of moments in which we have opportunities to access, build, and reimagine various aspects of ourselves. Sometimes the events in our lives and the world around us can feel turbulent and overwhelming and on other occasions, we might feel a bit stuck. Navigating those challenging circumstances often leads us to unearth and tap into our personal and collective skills, strengths, and resources. As a part of your support system, I will provide a space where you can authentically express yourself, explore the vision for your life, and cultivate the skills and strategies to achieve your goals.
I see life as a series of moments in which we have opportunities to access, build, and reimagine various aspects of ourselves. Sometimes the events in our lives and the world around us can feel turbulent and overwhelming and on other occasions, we might feel a bit stuck. Navigating those challenging circumstances often leads us to unearth and tap into our personal and collective skills, strengths, and resources. As a part of your support system, I will provide a space where you can authentically express yourself, explore the vision for your life, and cultivate the skills and strategies to achieve your goals.
(872) 206-9661 View (872) 206-9661
Photo of Mary Donner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Mary Donner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My role as a therapist is to be an active collaborator in your journey to reclaim your presence in this life and unique vitality. I offer a variety of therapeutic methods that help you improve your quality of life, connection with yourself and others, and to develop your own internal sense of purpose and resilience.
My role as a therapist is to be an active collaborator in your journey to reclaim your presence in this life and unique vitality. I offer a variety of therapeutic methods that help you improve your quality of life, connection with yourself and others, and to develop your own internal sense of purpose and resilience.
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Photo of Suzie Thomas, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Suzie Thomas
Counselor, LCPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
Current openings... I support clients who are looking to understand themselves better, clarify their values and make strides towards their desired life. I have extensive experience helping clients through eating disorder recovery (including anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, and ARFID), body image concerns, anxiety, grief and loss, and life transitions. I believe change is possible for every individual and that it’s easier to attain with support, skills and encouragement. I value change, curiosity and compassion and strive to provide a non-judgmental space.
Current openings... I support clients who are looking to understand themselves better, clarify their values and make strides towards their desired life. I have extensive experience helping clients through eating disorder recovery (including anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, and ARFID), body image concerns, anxiety, grief and loss, and life transitions. I believe change is possible for every individual and that it’s easier to attain with support, skills and encouragement. I value change, curiosity and compassion and strive to provide a non-judgmental space.
(312) 586-9716 View (312) 586-9716
Photo of Charlie Burt, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Charlie Burt
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Are you looking for support in order to achieve the kind of life you envision? Maybe you are struggling to succeed in one of life's domains including socially, work, school, or family relationships. I would be honored to have an opportunity to work with you. The warm and supportive environment in my office helps clients feel comfortable working through personal challenges such as depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, family conflict, ADHD (adult and children), trauma, job stress and other life stressors.
Are you looking for support in order to achieve the kind of life you envision? Maybe you are struggling to succeed in one of life's domains including socially, work, school, or family relationships. I would be honored to have an opportunity to work with you. The warm and supportive environment in my office helps clients feel comfortable working through personal challenges such as depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, family conflict, ADHD (adult and children), trauma, job stress and other life stressors.
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Photo of Alexandra Ciesla, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alexandra Ciesla
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
As a compassionate therapist, my mission is to provide support to individuals grappling with anxiety, life changes, disappointment, body image issues, stress, women's issues, and depression. I create a nurturing environment for all clients and offer Christian/Catholic counseling, incorporating faith-based perspectives for those seeking spiritual guidance. My aim is to empower individuals by aiding them in developing coping strategies and resilience. Whether you're facing mental health challenges or seeking faith-based support, I'm here to assist you on your journey to healing and personal growth.
As a compassionate therapist, my mission is to provide support to individuals grappling with anxiety, life changes, disappointment, body image issues, stress, women's issues, and depression. I create a nurturing environment for all clients and offer Christian/Catholic counseling, incorporating faith-based perspectives for those seeking spiritual guidance. My aim is to empower individuals by aiding them in developing coping strategies and resilience. Whether you're facing mental health challenges or seeking faith-based support, I'm here to assist you on your journey to healing and personal growth.
(773) 867-5832 View (773) 867-5832
Photo of Sydney Alderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sydney Alderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
I begin every therapy session with an understanding that you are the expert in your own life. Sometimes challenges, changes, or losses occur, and you may begin to question that expertise and feel at a loss of what to do next. This is where I offer my partnership as a therapist to help you gain an understanding of the current situation, pull from strengths, and to grow into the next best version of yourself.
I begin every therapy session with an understanding that you are the expert in your own life. Sometimes challenges, changes, or losses occur, and you may begin to question that expertise and feel at a loss of what to do next. This is where I offer my partnership as a therapist to help you gain an understanding of the current situation, pull from strengths, and to grow into the next best version of yourself.
(872) 241-1635 View (872) 241-1635
Photo of Tomika S. Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Tomika S. Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
This world can be overwhelming from managing day to day stressors to dealings with childhood trauma that is affecting your relationships today...yet you have made it this far! You and I both know it takes an especially resilient person to still stand after the trials and tribulations. If you are looking for a therapist to help identify your power, your strengths and will also assist you in achieving your goals, you may contact me for a consultation to see if my approach can help you on your journey.
This world can be overwhelming from managing day to day stressors to dealings with childhood trauma that is affecting your relationships today...yet you have made it this far! You and I both know it takes an especially resilient person to still stand after the trials and tribulations. If you are looking for a therapist to help identify your power, your strengths and will also assist you in achieving your goals, you may contact me for a consultation to see if my approach can help you on your journey.
(773) 902-0961 View (773) 902-0961

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.