Therapists in Williamsburg, VA

Photo of Felicia R Black, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Felicia R Black
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTS
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185  (Online Only)
My name is Felicia Black, a clinical therapist practicing statewide through Telehealth in the State of Virginia to meet the therapeutic needs of the community. I am excited and grateful to help you on your journey to wellness. My desire is to provide a safe space, healing environment, and attentive care to all I come into contact with. I hold credentials as a LCSW, Certified Clinical Trauma Specialist, and Parent Educator based in attachment, attunement, and emotional regulation.
My name is Felicia Black, a clinical therapist practicing statewide through Telehealth in the State of Virginia to meet the therapeutic needs of the community. I am excited and grateful to help you on your journey to wellness. My desire is to provide a safe space, healing environment, and attentive care to all I come into contact with. I hold credentials as a LCSW, Certified Clinical Trauma Specialist, and Parent Educator based in attachment, attunement, and emotional regulation.
(757) 794-4537 View (757) 794-4537
Photo of Craig Foster, Psychologist in Williamsburg, VA
Craig Foster
Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Life is complicated but thankfully, therapy can help. I am honored to help each of my clients better understand themselves and make meaning of their lives using a collaborative and integrative approach. I work with each of my clients to identify the unique aspects of their situation and together, we develop a plan for how to reach their treatment goals. The relationship created between client and therapist is the most important aspect of my work, and I strive to understand the specific concerns which bring a person to therapy. By building trust over time, positive change is possible.
Life is complicated but thankfully, therapy can help. I am honored to help each of my clients better understand themselves and make meaning of their lives using a collaborative and integrative approach. I work with each of my clients to identify the unique aspects of their situation and together, we develop a plan for how to reach their treatment goals. The relationship created between client and therapist is the most important aspect of my work, and I strive to understand the specific concerns which bring a person to therapy. By building trust over time, positive change is possible.
(757) 780-1382 View (757) 780-1382
Photo of Emily Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Emily Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185  (Online Only)
Are you and your partner are having the same fight that you can’t seem to get past? Are you a single parent, juggling co-parenting and conflict with an ex? Has your partner been unfaithful, and you want to forgive but don’t know how? Is it hard to say no in moments when you are overwhelmed at work? It's common for people to struggle with their family communication and figure out how to have boundaries honored. What about conflict with your adult child, or that old friend whose friendship you cherish but seem to be losing? I can help with those things and in fact, those are the kinds of life issues people come to therapy for.
Are you and your partner are having the same fight that you can’t seem to get past? Are you a single parent, juggling co-parenting and conflict with an ex? Has your partner been unfaithful, and you want to forgive but don’t know how? Is it hard to say no in moments when you are overwhelmed at work? It's common for people to struggle with their family communication and figure out how to have boundaries honored. What about conflict with your adult child, or that old friend whose friendship you cherish but seem to be losing? I can help with those things and in fact, those are the kinds of life issues people come to therapy for.
(757) 992-9432 View (757) 992-9432
Photo of Victoria Banks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Williamsburg, VA
Victoria Banks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with patients who have been impacted by substance use disorder. I also have worked with clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, emotional regulation, self-esteem, and confidence. I focus on the struggles that come with different transitional stages in our lives and use different techniques to address emotional distress, coping mechanisms, and emotional intelligence. I use strength-based techniques along with CBT and solution-focused therapeutic models to assist with achieving therapeutic goals. I have worked with adolescents, college students, and adults in many different settings.
I specialize in working with patients who have been impacted by substance use disorder. I also have worked with clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, emotional regulation, self-esteem, and confidence. I focus on the struggles that come with different transitional stages in our lives and use different techniques to address emotional distress, coping mechanisms, and emotional intelligence. I use strength-based techniques along with CBT and solution-focused therapeutic models to assist with achieving therapeutic goals. I have worked with adolescents, college students, and adults in many different settings.
(757) 780-1396 View (757) 780-1396
Photo of Noelle Ostroff, Psychologist in Williamsburg, VA
Noelle Ostroff
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Not Accepting New Clients Currently. In-person or telehealth. Evening appointments. We all experience life challenges at some point that require a level of support and guidance that our friends and family may not be equipped to provide. Maybe there are problems in your relationship with your partner, child, or parents and you feel confused, hurt, or angry. Maybe you’re experiencing anxiety or sadness that has begun to impact the quality of your daily life. Maybe you’re struggling with low self-esteem or constant self-doubt. Or maybe you feel stuck and unsure how to move forward in life.
Not Accepting New Clients Currently. In-person or telehealth. Evening appointments. We all experience life challenges at some point that require a level of support and guidance that our friends and family may not be equipped to provide. Maybe there are problems in your relationship with your partner, child, or parents and you feel confused, hurt, or angry. Maybe you’re experiencing anxiety or sadness that has begun to impact the quality of your daily life. Maybe you’re struggling with low self-esteem or constant self-doubt. Or maybe you feel stuck and unsure how to move forward in life.
(757) 720-2537 View (757) 720-2537
Photo of Two Rivers Wellness Center, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Williamsburg, VA
Two Rivers Wellness Center, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Any person 2-10 years old and 13 and older may receive treatment for various mental health conditions. Our staff is able to address issues of self-esteem, anger management, substance abuse, depression or anxiety, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, neurodivergent childhood disorders and other mental disorders. Children, the elderly and anyone in between in search of validation, resources and adaptive tools will find a safe space based on mutual trust and authenticity.
Any person 2-10 years old and 13 and older may receive treatment for various mental health conditions. Our staff is able to address issues of self-esteem, anger management, substance abuse, depression or anxiety, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, neurodivergent childhood disorders and other mental disorders. Children, the elderly and anyone in between in search of validation, resources and adaptive tools will find a safe space based on mutual trust and authenticity.
(757) 260-4099 View (757) 260-4099
Photo of Lauren McKown, Pre-Licensed Professional in Williamsburg, VA
Lauren McKown
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188
I approach every client as a unique individual with openness and empathy. I believe all struggles deserve to be seen and heard in a safe place. I pride myself on using a client-centered, strengths-based approach to help clients heal from a variety of stressors like as trauma, depression, grief, and relationship concerns. In addition to traditional therapeutic modalities, I have experience working with TF- CBT (Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and Brainspotting. I am open and willing to offer assistance and guidance on your healing journey. Please feel free to reach out to me if you feel we may be a good fit.
I approach every client as a unique individual with openness and empathy. I believe all struggles deserve to be seen and heard in a safe place. I pride myself on using a client-centered, strengths-based approach to help clients heal from a variety of stressors like as trauma, depression, grief, and relationship concerns. In addition to traditional therapeutic modalities, I have experience working with TF- CBT (Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and Brainspotting. I am open and willing to offer assistance and guidance on your healing journey. Please feel free to reach out to me if you feel we may be a good fit.
(757) 603-3774 View (757) 603-3774
Photo of Crystal Hollinger, Pre-Licensed Professional in Williamsburg, VA
Crystal Hollinger
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Life can sometimes feel like a never-ending struggle. Overwhelming emotions such as sadness, anger, or disappointment can make everything seem impossible to handle. But you don't have to go through these tough times alone. Imagine having a safe space where you feel heard, understood, and your emotions are given the attention they deserve. This space can be your haven, a starting point for your journey towards relief from stress, freedom, and a brighter future. Your journey towards freedom, stress release, and a brighter tomorrow starts here.
Life can sometimes feel like a never-ending struggle. Overwhelming emotions such as sadness, anger, or disappointment can make everything seem impossible to handle. But you don't have to go through these tough times alone. Imagine having a safe space where you feel heard, understood, and your emotions are given the attention they deserve. This space can be your haven, a starting point for your journey towards relief from stress, freedom, and a brighter future. Your journey towards freedom, stress release, and a brighter tomorrow starts here.
(757) 799-1137 View (757) 799-1137
Photo of Tom Cino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Tom Cino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188
My mission is to help you improve the quality of your life. Many people struggle with depression or anxiety stemming from marital or personal relationship issues, financial concerns or other life-altering circumstances. For 32 years I have helped clients work through troubling life situations. Your past does NOT predict your future. Who you can become is not defined by who you have been, who you think you are now, or by what experiences may have impacted your life to this point. My role is to challenge and empower you to transform your life, helping you to change your consistent behaviors to produce improved outcomes.
My mission is to help you improve the quality of your life. Many people struggle with depression or anxiety stemming from marital or personal relationship issues, financial concerns or other life-altering circumstances. For 32 years I have helped clients work through troubling life situations. Your past does NOT predict your future. Who you can become is not defined by who you have been, who you think you are now, or by what experiences may have impacted your life to this point. My role is to challenge and empower you to transform your life, helping you to change your consistent behaviors to produce improved outcomes.
(757) 941-4778 View (757) 941-4778
Photo of Diana Strain, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Diana Strain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23188  (Online Only)
Welcome and Congratulations on the decision to take this next step toward a better you! Counseling is designed to be a unique setting where a person, family or couple is able to reflect on their experiences within a safe environment. When people are able to feel truly supported in therapy they work towards self-actualization and meaning.
Welcome and Congratulations on the decision to take this next step toward a better you! Counseling is designed to be a unique setting where a person, family or couple is able to reflect on their experiences within a safe environment. When people are able to feel truly supported in therapy they work towards self-actualization and meaning.
(757) 506-0211 View (757) 506-0211
Dr. Aimee Harris
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23188  (Online Only)
le Wellness Center is an eclectic group of wellness providers and services with a mission to create happier, healthier, and more productive societies. We focus on core dimensions of wellness - emotional, occupational, physical, spiritual, social, intellectual, environmental and financial - for optimal health and performance. We believe that health is your greatest wealth!
le Wellness Center is an eclectic group of wellness providers and services with a mission to create happier, healthier, and more productive societies. We focus on core dimensions of wellness - emotional, occupational, physical, spiritual, social, intellectual, environmental and financial - for optimal health and performance. We believe that health is your greatest wealth!
(757) 210-6518 View (757) 210-6518
Photo of Cynthia Palmaz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Cynthia Palmaz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, LSATP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188  (Online Only)
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling life. You may be looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you might be ready to move in a new direction in your life.
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling life. You may be looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you might be ready to move in a new direction in your life.
(757) 263-4341 View (757) 263-4341
Photo of Deborah E Elder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Deborah E Elder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23185
TELEHEALTH AVAILABLE USING A HIPPAA COMPLIANT PLATFORM. Telehealth has been proven effective in treating more mental health issues. At this time, most insurances now cover the service. Are you or your family struggling in your daily lives? Is it depression, anxiety, family dynamics, life changes? Whatever the issue I am here to help you overcome what stands in your way to a peaceful and fulfilling life. I work with teenagers, adults and older adults. I enjoy working with families/parents to provide a safe environment to address difficult dynamics.
TELEHEALTH AVAILABLE USING A HIPPAA COMPLIANT PLATFORM. Telehealth has been proven effective in treating more mental health issues. At this time, most insurances now cover the service. Are you or your family struggling in your daily lives? Is it depression, anxiety, family dynamics, life changes? Whatever the issue I am here to help you overcome what stands in your way to a peaceful and fulfilling life. I work with teenagers, adults and older adults. I enjoy working with families/parents to provide a safe environment to address difficult dynamics.
(757) 364-0963 View (757) 364-0963
Photo of Emireth Cancino, Resident in Counseling in Williamsburg, VA
Emireth Cancino
Resident in Counseling, BS, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188
I have had the privilege of working with diverse clients ranging from adolescents to older adults, providing me with valuable experience in supporting individuals in their personal growth and development. My experience includes working with mood disorders, personality disorders, and other conditions. I particularly value self-motivated clients committed to making positive changes and actively engaged in the therapeutic process.
I have had the privilege of working with diverse clients ranging from adolescents to older adults, providing me with valuable experience in supporting individuals in their personal growth and development. My experience includes working with mood disorders, personality disorders, and other conditions. I particularly value self-motivated clients committed to making positive changes and actively engaged in the therapeutic process.
(757) 600-0983 View (757) 600-0983
Photo of Chantz Bury in Williamsburg, VA
Chantz Bury
DNP, APRN, FNP-C
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185
I understand the challenges of life's different phases that you may experience. Finding time for yourself to seek treatment in a safe space where you can be open about your feelings is important for understanding that it is okay to be unwell. Seeking treatment is a wonderful step should you ever be ready. I am here to help.
I understand the challenges of life's different phases that you may experience. Finding time for yourself to seek treatment in a safe space where you can be open about your feelings is important for understanding that it is okay to be unwell. Seeking treatment is a wonderful step should you ever be ready. I am here to help.
(757) 859-0678 View (757) 859-0678
Photo of Christine Marie Hallman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Christine Marie Hallman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23188
I am a licensed clinical social worker with a specialty serving infants, toddlers and pre-school aged children and their families, and also serve elementary school-aged children. As a parent and a professional, I know how challenging parenting young children can be. I also know how foundational the early years are to children and newly developing families. I want to support caregivers to figure out strategies for best supporting and encouraging their children's behavior. This can include supporting a child who experiences an unfortunate hardship/ trauma, a family experiencing difficulties, or a child who displays challenging behavior.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with a specialty serving infants, toddlers and pre-school aged children and their families, and also serve elementary school-aged children. As a parent and a professional, I know how challenging parenting young children can be. I also know how foundational the early years are to children and newly developing families. I want to support caregivers to figure out strategies for best supporting and encouraging their children's behavior. This can include supporting a child who experiences an unfortunate hardship/ trauma, a family experiencing difficulties, or a child who displays challenging behavior.
(757) 798-7356 View (757) 798-7356
Photo of Eric R Ward, Marriage & Family Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Eric R Ward
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23185
Through an authentic and acceptance-based relationship, I empower clients to address depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, marriage and family concerns, and parenting challenges. I also specialize in issues specific to men such as sex, identity, fidelity, and fatherhood. I would love to join with you on your journey towards wellness. My passion is helping and empowering families, couples, and individuals. Often life will give us situations that seem hopeless, but together I join with my clients in restoring that hope.I love working with families to heal and create stronger, more unified bonds.
Through an authentic and acceptance-based relationship, I empower clients to address depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, marriage and family concerns, and parenting challenges. I also specialize in issues specific to men such as sex, identity, fidelity, and fatherhood. I would love to join with you on your journey towards wellness. My passion is helping and empowering families, couples, and individuals. Often life will give us situations that seem hopeless, but together I join with my clients in restoring that hope.I love working with families to heal and create stronger, more unified bonds.
(757) 279-7359 View (757) 279-7359
Photo of Isaiah Day, Licensed Professional Counselor in Williamsburg, VA
Isaiah Day
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188
Waitlist for new clients
Isaiah has a strong history of working with adolescents and their families, working to develop resiliency in the face of trauma, mood disorders, and anxiety. He works to support individuals and families in strengthening their motivation to change and developing strategies and skills to overcome the challenges facing them. Clients will focus on the way they tell their own story, how that telling shapes their lives, and how they might re-tell their stories to make the changes they want.
Isaiah has a strong history of working with adolescents and their families, working to develop resiliency in the face of trauma, mood disorders, and anxiety. He works to support individuals and families in strengthening their motivation to change and developing strategies and skills to overcome the challenges facing them. Clients will focus on the way they tell their own story, how that telling shapes their lives, and how they might re-tell their stories to make the changes they want.
(757) 665-2550 View (757) 665-2550
Photo of Madeline Vann, Licensed Professional Counselor in Williamsburg, VA
Madeline Vann
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC, RYT200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Williamsburg, VA 23188
You've achieved a lot in your life, and at a high level and fast pace, but yet today you're facing trauma, grief, addiction or interpersonal conflict that you just can't seem to shake - and you are brave enough to ask for help. I believe your body, mind, and relationships want to heal from grief, trauma, addiction, and conflict - you and your relationships just need a confidential, brave space in which to do that. I use techniques drawn from addiction treatment, EMDR, and trauma therapy, as well as couples therapy (Gottman Method), to help you achieve your goal of healing. I also welcome your feedback to ensure I'm helping you.
You've achieved a lot in your life, and at a high level and fast pace, but yet today you're facing trauma, grief, addiction or interpersonal conflict that you just can't seem to shake - and you are brave enough to ask for help. I believe your body, mind, and relationships want to heal from grief, trauma, addiction, and conflict - you and your relationships just need a confidential, brave space in which to do that. I use techniques drawn from addiction treatment, EMDR, and trauma therapy, as well as couples therapy (Gottman Method), to help you achieve your goal of healing. I also welcome your feedback to ensure I'm helping you.
(757) 561-0531 View (757) 561-0531
Photo of Climbing Mountains Wellness, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Williamsburg, VA
Climbing Mountains Wellness, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Williamsburg, VA 23188
Please EMAIL. Now offering EMDR/Brainspotting/Parts work, IFS informed and biofield healing intensives. Experience rapid healing for personal and professional growth. Intensives allow you to work more intensely rather than using a week-to-week model. They are customized to meet your needs and can be anywhere from 3 to 6 hours. Intensives can be stand alone or adjunct to your weekly therapy. We also offer intensive retreats in Central and South America for healers. EMAIL only to inquire about our retreats.
Please EMAIL. Now offering EMDR/Brainspotting/Parts work, IFS informed and biofield healing intensives. Experience rapid healing for personal and professional growth. Intensives allow you to work more intensely rather than using a week-to-week model. They are customized to meet your needs and can be anywhere from 3 to 6 hours. Intensives can be stand alone or adjunct to your weekly therapy. We also offer intensive retreats in Central and South America for healers. EMAIL only to inquire about our retreats.
(757) 603-3642 View (757) 603-3642

See more therapy options for Williamsburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Williamsburg, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Williamsburg, VA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
84% Depression
73% Coping Skills
72% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Anthem | Elevance
68% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Williamsburg, VA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Williamsburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.