Therapists in Clearwater, FL

View neighborhoods in Clearwater
Photo of Erin Satterlee 360 Counseling, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Clearwater, FL
Erin Satterlee 360 Counseling
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33761
Burnout, anxiety, stress... do these words sound familiar? If so, I've been there too! Being a previous police officer, I understand the stress and pressures that accompany our careers and everyday lives which can easily become overwhelming. I want to help clients reach their full potential by providing a safe environment to process whatever they are experiencing. I believe that clients are the experts of their lives, and I am here to help guide them on their journey. Our office also offers free services for first responders (EMS, Police, Fire of Pinellas).
Burnout, anxiety, stress... do these words sound familiar? If so, I've been there too! Being a previous police officer, I understand the stress and pressures that accompany our careers and everyday lives which can easily become overwhelming. I want to help clients reach their full potential by providing a safe environment to process whatever they are experiencing. I believe that clients are the experts of their lives, and I am here to help guide them on their journey. Our office also offers free services for first responders (EMS, Police, Fire of Pinellas).
(727) 619-1763 View (727) 619-1763
Photo of Gayle Elazar, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Gayle Elazar
Counselor, LMHC, CLC, CCATP, CCFC, CCDVC
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33762
Are you feeling anxious? Unhappy? Relationship issues? Depressed? I can help. As a leading provider in Tampa, your goals and happiness are my main priority. My approach is warm, caring, supportive and solution focused. I am focused on listening to your needs and helping you with whatever issues your dealing with. We’ll work together to reach your goals. You’ll learn the tools to live a happier healthier life, feel more confident, and improve your relationships. With over 15 years of experience, education & training, I can help you feel better faster. Offering in office & virtual sessions. Call or text today for an appointment!
Are you feeling anxious? Unhappy? Relationship issues? Depressed? I can help. As a leading provider in Tampa, your goals and happiness are my main priority. My approach is warm, caring, supportive and solution focused. I am focused on listening to your needs and helping you with whatever issues your dealing with. We’ll work together to reach your goals. You’ll learn the tools to live a happier healthier life, feel more confident, and improve your relationships. With over 15 years of experience, education & training, I can help you feel better faster. Offering in office & virtual sessions. Call or text today for an appointment!
(727) 744-2559 View (727) 744-2559
Photo of Jennifer Paolillo, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Jennifer Paolillo
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33761
Are you ready to gain control of your life? As a parent, we may face situations that at times make us feel challenged. As an individual or partner in a relationship, we may struggle to find personal balance or to make sense of our own lives. I'm a professional and licensed mental health counselor with 13 years experience working with children, families, couples and individuals from infancy throughout adulthood. My goal is for us to work together to help you move forward towards achieving your personal best and creating a balance that is empowering to you.
Are you ready to gain control of your life? As a parent, we may face situations that at times make us feel challenged. As an individual or partner in a relationship, we may struggle to find personal balance or to make sense of our own lives. I'm a professional and licensed mental health counselor with 13 years experience working with children, families, couples and individuals from infancy throughout adulthood. My goal is for us to work together to help you move forward towards achieving your personal best and creating a balance that is empowering to you.
(727) 777-6405 View (727) 777-6405
Photo of Kaitlyn Ramsey, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Kaitlyn Ramsey
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33761
I help adults bring self-compassion and confidence into their everyday lives. In my practice, I work primarily with survivors of trauma, individuals struggling with low self-esteem, and those seeking to break toxic relationship patterns. I feel passionately about helping people overcome feelings of shame, learn self-acceptance, and discover new ways to cope with the stressors of life.
I help adults bring self-compassion and confidence into their everyday lives. In my practice, I work primarily with survivors of trauma, individuals struggling with low self-esteem, and those seeking to break toxic relationship patterns. I feel passionately about helping people overcome feelings of shame, learn self-acceptance, and discover new ways to cope with the stressors of life.
(727) 314-2178 View (727) 314-2178
Photo of Andrea Holmes, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Andrea Holmes
Counselor, MPH, LMHC
Verified Verified
Clearwater, FL 33763
Choosing a therapist is a difficult decision as therapy can often feel like a scary experience. I believe it is essential to create an environment where the therapist provides the safety necessary for the client to express their vulnerability. Therefore it is my goal to meet the client where they are and gently guide them towards resolution of the issues they wish to address. I believe in a collaborative process where we work together towards specific goals.
Choosing a therapist is a difficult decision as therapy can often feel like a scary experience. I believe it is essential to create an environment where the therapist provides the safety necessary for the client to express their vulnerability. Therefore it is my goal to meet the client where they are and gently guide them towards resolution of the issues they wish to address. I believe in a collaborative process where we work together towards specific goals.
(727) 365-8288 View (727) 365-8288
Photo of Stacey Nemeth Roberts, Psychologist in Clearwater, FL
Stacey Nemeth Roberts
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33765
I serve individuals and couples working to heal from trauma, and individuals coping with chronic pain or medical conditions. I’ve traveled this path before with veterans, first responders, individuals living with persistent mental health and medical conditions, addictions, and those who are seeking to understand and affirm their gender identity. I work collaboratively to develop a plan integrating evidence based tools such as DBT, CBT, EMDR, CBT for Chronic Pain (CBT-CP), and ACT to help you reach your goals. I seek to maintain a safe, validating space in which you are free to become the person you are meant to be.
I serve individuals and couples working to heal from trauma, and individuals coping with chronic pain or medical conditions. I’ve traveled this path before with veterans, first responders, individuals living with persistent mental health and medical conditions, addictions, and those who are seeking to understand and affirm their gender identity. I work collaboratively to develop a plan integrating evidence based tools such as DBT, CBT, EMDR, CBT for Chronic Pain (CBT-CP), and ACT to help you reach your goals. I seek to maintain a safe, validating space in which you are free to become the person you are meant to be.
(727) 334-0257 x8 View (727) 334-0257 x8
Photo of Dr. Anne Pesacov, Marriage & Family Therapist in Clearwater, FL
Dr. Anne Pesacov
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, , LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33761
Creating and managing relationships in today's world is difficult! Maintaining intimacy with a spouse or significant other, handling children and teens with behavioral problems or special needs, and balancing career, home, family and your own personal needs sometimes seems impossible. For over 40 years, I have maintained a practice in Clearwater, Florida, teaching individuals, couples and families better communication skills and conflict resolution. I will work together with you to adjust to the losses, new challenges, and unexpected events which create anxiety, depression, and a lack of direction.
Creating and managing relationships in today's world is difficult! Maintaining intimacy with a spouse or significant other, handling children and teens with behavioral problems or special needs, and balancing career, home, family and your own personal needs sometimes seems impossible. For over 40 years, I have maintained a practice in Clearwater, Florida, teaching individuals, couples and families better communication skills and conflict resolution. I will work together with you to adjust to the losses, new challenges, and unexpected events which create anxiety, depression, and a lack of direction.
(727) 459-6999 View (727) 459-6999
Photo of EMDR and The Happy Couple Expert, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
EMDR and The Happy Couple Expert
Counselor, MS, LMHC, Uk Clin, Psych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33761
I help people whose unresolved trauma has turned into anxiety, depression, fear of living, and avoidance, just to name a few. These symptoms take over at the worst possible moments, therefore, finding it debilitating and are in need of help to decrease these symptoms, and find fulfillment in their lives. I treat couples in marriage counseling who might have grown apart, have infidelity/online love romances, or communication problems. I ask you to question, "What if life with your partner could be as exciting as it was when you first got together?” If you want to find out, give me a call.
I help people whose unresolved trauma has turned into anxiety, depression, fear of living, and avoidance, just to name a few. These symptoms take over at the worst possible moments, therefore, finding it debilitating and are in need of help to decrease these symptoms, and find fulfillment in their lives. I treat couples in marriage counseling who might have grown apart, have infidelity/online love romances, or communication problems. I ask you to question, "What if life with your partner could be as exciting as it was when you first got together?” If you want to find out, give me a call.
(727) 472-9589 View (727) 472-9589
Photo of Loretta Y Harvey, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Loretta Y Harvey
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33761
EVERYTHING that happened to you, has happened for you! EVERYTHING you have been through will help you get through! Do you feel weighed down from life stressors? Have you lost your sense of identity or have a low sense of self-worth? Do you have difficulties communicating and sustaining meaningful relationships? Do you feel lost and confused about who you are? Do you keep making poor decisions that result in the same mistakes again and again? Are you in need of a guiding light to help you rediscover who you are? Together we will work on identifying positive coping skills that will lead you toward HARMONY and BALANCE in your life.
EVERYTHING that happened to you, has happened for you! EVERYTHING you have been through will help you get through! Do you feel weighed down from life stressors? Have you lost your sense of identity or have a low sense of self-worth? Do you have difficulties communicating and sustaining meaningful relationships? Do you feel lost and confused about who you are? Do you keep making poor decisions that result in the same mistakes again and again? Are you in need of a guiding light to help you rediscover who you are? Together we will work on identifying positive coping skills that will lead you toward HARMONY and BALANCE in your life.
(813) 212-3907 View (813) 212-3907
Photo of Kelsey Kramer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clearwater, FL
Kelsey Kramer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33759
It is my passion to help children, adolescents, families, and adults through individual and/or group counseling. The practice of active listening, empathy, validation, and solution focused sessions provide a solid foundation for positive change! Each person strives for a sense of balance through the struggles of everyday life, which can be achieved by the continuity of care provided within a therapeutic setting. I understand the individual from a bio-psychosocial perspective while utilizing a non-judgmental approach.
It is my passion to help children, adolescents, families, and adults through individual and/or group counseling. The practice of active listening, empathy, validation, and solution focused sessions provide a solid foundation for positive change! Each person strives for a sense of balance through the struggles of everyday life, which can be achieved by the continuity of care provided within a therapeutic setting. I understand the individual from a bio-psychosocial perspective while utilizing a non-judgmental approach.
(727) 287-5588 View (727) 287-5588
Photo of Keri Jakubowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Keri Jakubowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC , LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33762
As a trained clinical therapist with years of practice and supervision, my approach has a Person Centered focus based on an individual‘s unique characteristics, goals and principles. I can help people effectively manage difficulties in life and most mental health issues. I firmly believe that everyone is able to change if they want to change. We all go through times during life when we feel stuck or not sure of what we want and that’s okay. With the proper guidance and support therapy can help you make many changes, face any challenges you have and empower you to make what you want for yourself and your life.
As a trained clinical therapist with years of practice and supervision, my approach has a Person Centered focus based on an individual‘s unique characteristics, goals and principles. I can help people effectively manage difficulties in life and most mental health issues. I firmly believe that everyone is able to change if they want to change. We all go through times during life when we feel stuck or not sure of what we want and that’s okay. With the proper guidance and support therapy can help you make many changes, face any challenges you have and empower you to make what you want for yourself and your life.
(727) 261-2427 View (727) 261-2427
Photo of Clinical Therapeutic Health Group, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Clinical Therapeutic Health Group
Counselor, MS, LMHC, BCN-I
Verified Verified
Clearwater, FL 33759
Clinical Therapeutic Health Group provides science-based approaches for assessment, testing and potential diagnosis of mental health disorders and related neurological and other medical conditions. This comprehensive and integrative process ensures diagnostic accuracy and a baseline for patient treatment modality. As a group of professional Clinicians we ensure our patients ages 5 to adult are provided care which incorporates the latest mental health research and a supportive environment. We also offer testing for school/work accommodations, and legal matters such as disability, guardianship, custody, and criminal cases, etc.
Clinical Therapeutic Health Group provides science-based approaches for assessment, testing and potential diagnosis of mental health disorders and related neurological and other medical conditions. This comprehensive and integrative process ensures diagnostic accuracy and a baseline for patient treatment modality. As a group of professional Clinicians we ensure our patients ages 5 to adult are provided care which incorporates the latest mental health research and a supportive environment. We also offer testing for school/work accommodations, and legal matters such as disability, guardianship, custody, and criminal cases, etc.
(727) 287-5025 View (727) 287-5025
Photo of Edge of Water Counseling, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Edge of Water Counseling
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33765
Sometimes you might wake up and feel like the weight of the world is on your shoulders. Maybe work is stressing you out; there is friend drama in the group text; perhaps your partner is getting on your nerves, or heck your whole family is driving you nuts! Whatever it is, you are not alone. Talking it out, having someone really hear you; receiving validation that you are in fact NOT crazy...it can help. Knowing you don't have to carry that weight all by yourself can be lifesaving. Whatever it is you are struggling with, my name is Samantha Petroshius-Crocker and I am here to help and support you.
Sometimes you might wake up and feel like the weight of the world is on your shoulders. Maybe work is stressing you out; there is friend drama in the group text; perhaps your partner is getting on your nerves, or heck your whole family is driving you nuts! Whatever it is, you are not alone. Talking it out, having someone really hear you; receiving validation that you are in fact NOT crazy...it can help. Knowing you don't have to carry that weight all by yourself can be lifesaving. Whatever it is you are struggling with, my name is Samantha Petroshius-Crocker and I am here to help and support you.
(727) 353-2720 View (727) 353-2720
Photo of Vianey S. Pelaez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clearwater, FL
Vianey S. Pelaez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33765  (Online Only)
Making the decision to begin therapy can be difficult. There are a number of reasons that can hold someone from moving forward. That said, if you feel ready to begin a therapeutic relationship, you have taken one step towards healing. As a therapist, I work in collaboration with clients in a goal-oriented way to explore, understand, and help manage various challenges. For example, a major life change or day-to-day stress. I provide an environment that fosters a safe space for open communication to promote growth and wellbeing.
Making the decision to begin therapy can be difficult. There are a number of reasons that can hold someone from moving forward. That said, if you feel ready to begin a therapeutic relationship, you have taken one step towards healing. As a therapist, I work in collaboration with clients in a goal-oriented way to explore, understand, and help manage various challenges. For example, a major life change or day-to-day stress. I provide an environment that fosters a safe space for open communication to promote growth and wellbeing.
(727) 270-8456 View (727) 270-8456
Photo of Joyce D. Hutchens, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Joyce D. Hutchens
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Clearwater, FL 33764
Waitlist for new clients
"No one's Perfect but Parts of Us are Excellent!" I believe everyone needs help through situations from time to time. I love working with people of all ages and I work well helping others help themselves. I assist people in working from a state of dis-ease to a state of ease in coping with life's situations.
"No one's Perfect but Parts of Us are Excellent!" I believe everyone needs help through situations from time to time. I love working with people of all ages and I work well helping others help themselves. I assist people in working from a state of dis-ease to a state of ease in coping with life's situations.
(727) 270-9396 View (727) 270-9396
Photo of Neuropsychology Assessment Service, Psychologist in Clearwater, FL
Neuropsychology Assessment Service
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Clearwater, FL 33760
I am currently in my twelth year of providing neuropsychological assessments services throughout Florida. I accept referrals from many physicians and case manages. However, often, family members concerned about the functioning of parents with memory issues, other family members with brain injuries, or children with learning and/or behavioral difficulties contact me directly to arrange an evaluation. Once an evaluation is completed, interventions are implemented to facilitate improved functioning. Fortunately, many insurance carriers including Medicare will pay for the services.
I am currently in my twelth year of providing neuropsychological assessments services throughout Florida. I accept referrals from many physicians and case manages. However, often, family members concerned about the functioning of parents with memory issues, other family members with brain injuries, or children with learning and/or behavioral difficulties contact me directly to arrange an evaluation. Once an evaluation is completed, interventions are implemented to facilitate improved functioning. Fortunately, many insurance carriers including Medicare will pay for the services.
(727) 498-2794 View (727) 498-2794
Photo of Ashlea Hardin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clearwater, FL
Ashlea Hardin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clearwater, FL 33759
Talking to a complete stranger about your inner most problems is scary. It can feel intimidating and overwhelming. Together, we will address what has been holding you back from feeling your greatest. We will address your goals, struggles, setbacks, and challenges. We will empower and equip you with tools you need to be successful in your journey towards healing. We work from an empathetic and solutions focused approach. Here at ClearPath Health LLC, we are dedicated to providing you quality and service. We look forward to serving you and your family.
Talking to a complete stranger about your inner most problems is scary. It can feel intimidating and overwhelming. Together, we will address what has been holding you back from feeling your greatest. We will address your goals, struggles, setbacks, and challenges. We will empower and equip you with tools you need to be successful in your journey towards healing. We work from an empathetic and solutions focused approach. Here at ClearPath Health LLC, we are dedicated to providing you quality and service. We look forward to serving you and your family.
(727) 746-5147 View (727) 746-5147
Photo of Kris Druhe, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Kris Druhe
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clearwater, FL 33759
The human experience is not void of struggle. And while this is true for all of us at some point, it’s no longer necessary to move through challenging seasons alone. Reaching out for support is a great first step toward a healthier and happier future.
The human experience is not void of struggle. And while this is true for all of us at some point, it’s no longer necessary to move through challenging seasons alone. Reaching out for support is a great first step toward a healthier and happier future.
(727) 261-1317 View (727) 261-1317
Photo of Tracey Bourne Lmhc, Counselor in Clearwater, FL
Tracey Bourne Lmhc
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Clearwater, FL 33760
Feeling anxious about your relationship? Does it feel like the two of you are living parallel lives? Are you asking: What has happened to us? We get so busy building our dreams, making sacrifices to advance our careers, balancing work & family commitments; that we grow apart. Add resentment, feelings of neglect or minimization and you feel like enemies not allies. But if you can't talk about it, without it blowing up, how do you make it better? You're committed, but life of just "co-existing" is NOT what you want. The emotional pain can make you doubt yourself, your partner, or if the relationship can survive.
Feeling anxious about your relationship? Does it feel like the two of you are living parallel lives? Are you asking: What has happened to us? We get so busy building our dreams, making sacrifices to advance our careers, balancing work & family commitments; that we grow apart. Add resentment, feelings of neglect or minimization and you feel like enemies not allies. But if you can't talk about it, without it blowing up, how do you make it better? You're committed, but life of just "co-existing" is NOT what you want. The emotional pain can make you doubt yourself, your partner, or if the relationship can survive.
(727) 308-5722 View (727) 308-5722
Photo of Michele Messina in Clearwater, FL
Michele Messina
MA, CAGS, LSP
Verified Verified
Clearwater, FL 33762
Welcome to my practice, where I am dedicated to providing compassionate support for individuals, couples, and children navigating emotional, social, or adjustment challenges. Whether rooted in depression, anxiety, OCD, or complex trauma, I offer a diverse range of therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique needs of each client. Collaboratively, we develop and monitor treatment plans to ensure they align with your specific goals and preferences. Treatment modalities include CBT, DBT, EMDR, ACT, and play therapy.
Welcome to my practice, where I am dedicated to providing compassionate support for individuals, couples, and children navigating emotional, social, or adjustment challenges. Whether rooted in depression, anxiety, OCD, or complex trauma, I offer a diverse range of therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique needs of each client. Collaboratively, we develop and monitor treatment plans to ensure they align with your specific goals and preferences. Treatment modalities include CBT, DBT, EMDR, ACT, and play therapy.
(941) 676-9547 View (941) 676-9547

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Clearwater, FL

300+

Average cost per session

$136

Therapists in Clearwater, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Cigna and Evernorth
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna

How Therapists in Clearwater, FL see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Clearwater?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.