Therapists in Pasadena, CA

View neighborhoods in Pasadena
Photo of Tsoline Kouyoumjian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Tsoline Kouyoumjian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I see couples all the time who love each other desperately but just can’t seem to make it work. Some couples put it this way: “It’s like we keep having the same fight over and over again and nothing ever gets resolved. We just have a big fight, followed by silence, and then we just go back to our daily lives without ever working through the issues until the next fight happens. I don’t know what’s happening or why it’s happening but it’s just awful.”
I see couples all the time who love each other desperately but just can’t seem to make it work. Some couples put it this way: “It’s like we keep having the same fight over and over again and nothing ever gets resolved. We just have a big fight, followed by silence, and then we just go back to our daily lives without ever working through the issues until the next fight happens. I don’t know what’s happening or why it’s happening but it’s just awful.”
(626) 788-5871 View (626) 788-5871
Photo of Rebecca Doppelt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Rebecca Doppelt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91103
Trauma. Betrayal. Anxiety. Relationships. Discernment. These are my areas of focus. Whether you are an adult seeking to heal childhood wounds or you are facing an overwhelming challenge in present day, we can collaborate on a path forward. Change is possible and I will be in your corner every step of the way.
Trauma. Betrayal. Anxiety. Relationships. Discernment. These are my areas of focus. Whether you are an adult seeking to heal childhood wounds or you are facing an overwhelming challenge in present day, we can collaborate on a path forward. Change is possible and I will be in your corner every step of the way.
(310) 893-1830 View (310) 893-1830
Photo of Catriona Waters, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Catriona Waters
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
If you're feeling anxious, panicky, stressed, or depressed then I can help. It can be really unpleasant going through life not feeling your best self. Panic, stress, worry, and negative thoughts can take the shine off things. You may feel you can't experience life to its fullest and that you're missing out. These feelings can impact your emotional wellbeing and your relationships, making everything feel worse. You may have tried a number of ways to improve things but nothing really sticks. If this is you then, with my training and experience, a healthier and more optimistic outlook is well within your reach. You deserve this.
If you're feeling anxious, panicky, stressed, or depressed then I can help. It can be really unpleasant going through life not feeling your best self. Panic, stress, worry, and negative thoughts can take the shine off things. You may feel you can't experience life to its fullest and that you're missing out. These feelings can impact your emotional wellbeing and your relationships, making everything feel worse. You may have tried a number of ways to improve things but nothing really sticks. If this is you then, with my training and experience, a healthier and more optimistic outlook is well within your reach. You deserve this.
(818) 960-1240 View (818) 960-1240
Photo of Lydia C Morris, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Lydia C Morris
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Waitlist for new clients
Life has a way of challenging everything we know to be true and sometimes our very sense of identity. We can lose our confidence and direction as we navigate the new challenges of each season of life. Within the disorientation and disillusionment of finding our way, there is great opportunity for growth, healing, and peace. I work with my clients to capitalize on this opportunity, bringing a warm, practical, and authentic presence.
Life has a way of challenging everything we know to be true and sometimes our very sense of identity. We can lose our confidence and direction as we navigate the new challenges of each season of life. Within the disorientation and disillusionment of finding our way, there is great opportunity for growth, healing, and peace. I work with my clients to capitalize on this opportunity, bringing a warm, practical, and authentic presence.
(626) 709-5640 View (626) 709-5640
Photo of John W Bakaly, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
John W Bakaly
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
I have been working with children, adolescents and their families,and individual adults from a family systems perspective for over 30 years in the West San Gabriel Valley. I am a Professor at the California School of Professional Psychology teaching Family Systems. I have been the consulting Psychologist at Polytechnic School in Pasadena for over 30 years. Given my experience as a Psychologist in Independent Schools, I also conduct comprehensive psycho-educational assessments for children, adolescents and young adults ages 6-18 from a family systems perspective. Please visit my website for more information on my services.
I have been working with children, adolescents and their families,and individual adults from a family systems perspective for over 30 years in the West San Gabriel Valley. I am a Professor at the California School of Professional Psychology teaching Family Systems. I have been the consulting Psychologist at Polytechnic School in Pasadena for over 30 years. Given my experience as a Psychologist in Independent Schools, I also conduct comprehensive psycho-educational assessments for children, adolescents and young adults ages 6-18 from a family systems perspective. Please visit my website for more information on my services.
(626) 264-8396 View (626) 264-8396
Photo of Dr. Desirée Hermosillo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Dr. Desirée Hermosillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106  (Online Only)
Hola, My name is Dr. Desirée Hermosillo. I am a Latino/a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 8 year's experience as a mental health therapist. I am also a registered Psychological Associate under a Licensed Psychologist. I practice under my LMFT at my group practice: Hermosillo Family Therapy, Inc. I started my career working with foster/adopted youth, adolescents, and families in residential and school based programs. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, trauma (immigration/abuse), PTSD, ADHD, behavior issues, self-harm/SI, life transitions (work, school, identity, relationships) and grief and loss.
Hola, My name is Dr. Desirée Hermosillo. I am a Latino/a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 8 year's experience as a mental health therapist. I am also a registered Psychological Associate under a Licensed Psychologist. I practice under my LMFT at my group practice: Hermosillo Family Therapy, Inc. I started my career working with foster/adopted youth, adolescents, and families in residential and school based programs. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, trauma (immigration/abuse), PTSD, ADHD, behavior issues, self-harm/SI, life transitions (work, school, identity, relationships) and grief and loss.
(626) 263-6843 View (626) 263-6843
Photo of Erick Santos in Pasadena, CA
Erick Santos
LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
Has trauma, anxiety, or depression interfered with the potential to become the best version of yourself? We often feel defined by traumatic or emotionally difficult experiences then often leave us feeling stuck in place rather than moving forward towards our goals. I’m here to provide a safe, affirming space for you to develop an understanding of yourself to overcome past experiences or fears that define you. Our work together will be met with unconditional acceptance, creative approaches, and the utmost compassion.
(626) 322-2881 View (626) 322-2881
Photo of Natalie Epstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Natalie Epstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
I work with individuals & families who yearn for deeper, more satisfying connections to themselves, each other and the earth. Self-love is an unlearning process, and by bearing witness to your gifts, spirit, and love, as well as whatever may be clouding these forces, I hope to help you come home to yourself and from a place of alignment, begin orienting your life towards what nourishes it. Capitalism leaves us with few tools beyond the punishment and blame when it comes to self-improvement. I hope to replenish your toolkit with the grace, curiosity, and connection that will actually facilitate the growth and wellbeing of your spirit
I work with individuals & families who yearn for deeper, more satisfying connections to themselves, each other and the earth. Self-love is an unlearning process, and by bearing witness to your gifts, spirit, and love, as well as whatever may be clouding these forces, I hope to help you come home to yourself and from a place of alignment, begin orienting your life towards what nourishes it. Capitalism leaves us with few tools beyond the punishment and blame when it comes to self-improvement. I hope to replenish your toolkit with the grace, curiosity, and connection that will actually facilitate the growth and wellbeing of your spirit
(213) 348-6417 View (213) 348-6417
Photo of Heidi Xue, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Heidi Xue
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Do you have trouble with anxiety, depression, and relationship/family issues due to trauma? Past experiences can create imprints onto your brain that activate your fight/flight responses whenever your emotions feel dysregulated, but life without the constant feeling of being on edge is possible. Those traumatic memories don’t have to permanently influence who you are meant to be. Through therapy, you will gain control of your feelings/thoughts and your response to everyday life hurdles. Healing from trauma can create healthier beliefs about yourself and your relationships along with sustainable changes.
Do you have trouble with anxiety, depression, and relationship/family issues due to trauma? Past experiences can create imprints onto your brain that activate your fight/flight responses whenever your emotions feel dysregulated, but life without the constant feeling of being on edge is possible. Those traumatic memories don’t have to permanently influence who you are meant to be. Through therapy, you will gain control of your feelings/thoughts and your response to everyday life hurdles. Healing from trauma can create healthier beliefs about yourself and your relationships along with sustainable changes.
(626) 702-3046 View (626) 702-3046
Photo of Rich Painter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Rich Painter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Do you want a deeper sense of connection or a greater sense of purpose in life? You may be dealing with stress, fear, marriage issues, dating difficulties, confusion, life transitions, low self worth, career direction, or something else impacting your life and relationships. You might have a mistrust of men or women based on past, hurtful experiences. You are not alone. Imagine yourself living with greater peace, freedom, trust, creativity, courage, and empowering love. Getting you there is my specialty. I offer professional counseling, life coaching, and spiritual direction for individuals, couples, children, and families.
Do you want a deeper sense of connection or a greater sense of purpose in life? You may be dealing with stress, fear, marriage issues, dating difficulties, confusion, life transitions, low self worth, career direction, or something else impacting your life and relationships. You might have a mistrust of men or women based on past, hurtful experiences. You are not alone. Imagine yourself living with greater peace, freedom, trust, creativity, courage, and empowering love. Getting you there is my specialty. I offer professional counseling, life coaching, and spiritual direction for individuals, couples, children, and families.
(626) 658-3090 View (626) 658-3090
Photo of Ruth Fong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Ruth Fong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
I am passionate about helping women to truly thrive and find meaning in life. Being a woman is hard and often comes with many expectations. There’s pressure to have a successful career and healthy relationships, to be a good mom, to look put together, to be physically/emotionally healthy... Many of the women I work with find themselves feeling stressed and overwhelmed to the point that their physical and mental health may suffer. Maybe this sounds like you. You want to look inward, find healing and regain a sense of control. You want to develop tools to manage your mental load and move out of survival mode. You want to hope again.
I am passionate about helping women to truly thrive and find meaning in life. Being a woman is hard and often comes with many expectations. There’s pressure to have a successful career and healthy relationships, to be a good mom, to look put together, to be physically/emotionally healthy... Many of the women I work with find themselves feeling stressed and overwhelmed to the point that their physical and mental health may suffer. Maybe this sounds like you. You want to look inward, find healing and regain a sense of control. You want to develop tools to manage your mental load and move out of survival mode. You want to hope again.
(626) 784-4486 View (626) 784-4486
Photo of Anna Marie Rossi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Anna Marie Rossi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Working with children and teens is my passion! My office is a safe place to explore ways to cope with the stress of school, friendship challenges, peer pressure, parent-teen conflict, and those really intense emotions that can be so overwhelming...sadness, anger, anxiety. During high school teens and their parents often face challenges with communication, trust, respect, and boundary setting...I am here to empower you and your teen to use tools to better understand and connect with each other.
Working with children and teens is my passion! My office is a safe place to explore ways to cope with the stress of school, friendship challenges, peer pressure, parent-teen conflict, and those really intense emotions that can be so overwhelming...sadness, anger, anxiety. During high school teens and their parents often face challenges with communication, trust, respect, and boundary setting...I am here to empower you and your teen to use tools to better understand and connect with each other.
(626) 701-8776 View (626) 701-8776
Photo of Maria Ruelas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Maria Ruelas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
I am a Bilingual (Spanish speaking) Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes working with children, young adults, and families. I earned my master's degree from USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and my doctorate degree at USC Rossier School of Education. I am a highly motivated and passionate individual who is committed to providing excellent clinical interventions and outreach services regarding mental health and wellness to any of my clients. I am self-aware and culturally competent as I have had the opportunity to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and experiences.
I am a Bilingual (Spanish speaking) Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes working with children, young adults, and families. I earned my master's degree from USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and my doctorate degree at USC Rossier School of Education. I am a highly motivated and passionate individual who is committed to providing excellent clinical interventions and outreach services regarding mental health and wellness to any of my clients. I am self-aware and culturally competent as I have had the opportunity to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and experiences.
(323) 997-8715 View (323) 997-8715
Photo of Larry Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Larry Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91104
Thank you for taking the time to read my bio. I bring over 25 years of experience in mental health, ranging from addiction to trauma. I believe in a strength-based approach in providing clients support because everyone has skills, talents, and abilities to tap into to assist them in overcoming life's challenges. I am a firm believer in a nonjudgmental approach to therapy so you, the client, feel safe, accepted, and empowered. I use a broad array of therapy techniques such as trauma-informed care, strength-based, systems solution-focused or brief therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, grief therapy, and much more.
Thank you for taking the time to read my bio. I bring over 25 years of experience in mental health, ranging from addiction to trauma. I believe in a strength-based approach in providing clients support because everyone has skills, talents, and abilities to tap into to assist them in overcoming life's challenges. I am a firm believer in a nonjudgmental approach to therapy so you, the client, feel safe, accepted, and empowered. I use a broad array of therapy techniques such as trauma-informed care, strength-based, systems solution-focused or brief therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, grief therapy, and much more.
(323) 940-5971 View (323) 940-5971
Photo of Christian Yanez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Christian Yanez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I have years of experience helping individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and other intense mental health issues. The service I provide aims to help you overcome difficult thoughts and feelings, so that you can focus more on enjoying your life as you intend it to be.
I have years of experience helping individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and other intense mental health issues. The service I provide aims to help you overcome difficult thoughts and feelings, so that you can focus more on enjoying your life as you intend it to be.
(626) 714-6199 View (626) 714-6199
Photo of Joseph Klimas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Joseph Klimas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My philosophy of therapy is to partner with my clients in their journey of self-exploration and healing. I believe we have the knowledge and ability to overcome the issues that trouble us and help clients identify, develop, and mobilize their resources to solve problems and meet challenges successfully. My approach to therapy involves assisting my clients in increasing self-awareness, moving away from outdated and unproductive internal messaging, to develop new and healthy ways of relating to others and the world. My style is direct, genuine, empathic, and intuitive.
My philosophy of therapy is to partner with my clients in their journey of self-exploration and healing. I believe we have the knowledge and ability to overcome the issues that trouble us and help clients identify, develop, and mobilize their resources to solve problems and meet challenges successfully. My approach to therapy involves assisting my clients in increasing self-awareness, moving away from outdated and unproductive internal messaging, to develop new and healthy ways of relating to others and the world. My style is direct, genuine, empathic, and intuitive.
(510) 916-3630 View (510) 916-3630
Photo of Terra Rosalehse Horton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Terra Rosalehse Horton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PPS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Are you finally ready to take the leap outside of your comfort zone and to move in the direction you want to go toward in this precious life of yours? If you want to move past the stuckness but you do not know how, reach out. There is so much help available to you. Being in life's challenges with the support of a dedicated therapist can be an incredible opportunity to grow toward the highest and most fabulous expression of you.
Are you finally ready to take the leap outside of your comfort zone and to move in the direction you want to go toward in this precious life of yours? If you want to move past the stuckness but you do not know how, reach out. There is so much help available to you. Being in life's challenges with the support of a dedicated therapist can be an incredible opportunity to grow toward the highest and most fabulous expression of you.
(818) 435-6803 View (818) 435-6803
Photo of Adriana Valdez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Adriana Valdez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Often, individuals enter therapy feeling overwhelmed by various stressors in their lives. These stressors can manifest in different forms, such as life transitions (work, school, loss, relocation), challenges in relationships, parenting, dealing with a loved one's illness or disability, financial strain, exposure to community violence, housing issues, & more. Many individuals may not initially realize the profound impact these stressors can have on their overall health. Therapy provides a safe & confidential space for self-discovery, reflection, and the development of coping strategies to navigate life's challenges.
Often, individuals enter therapy feeling overwhelmed by various stressors in their lives. These stressors can manifest in different forms, such as life transitions (work, school, loss, relocation), challenges in relationships, parenting, dealing with a loved one's illness or disability, financial strain, exposure to community violence, housing issues, & more. Many individuals may not initially realize the profound impact these stressors can have on their overall health. Therapy provides a safe & confidential space for self-discovery, reflection, and the development of coping strategies to navigate life's challenges.
(626) 382-2576 View (626) 382-2576
Photo of Betsy J Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Betsy J Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I am licensed in California, Tennessee, Oregon, and Colorado. I treat trauma and PTSD, and I have helped clients improve anxiety levels, self esteem, depression, relational issues, phobias, lack of a sense of life direction, sleep, and more. Through teaching skills such as noticing and being with sensations, feelings, and thoughts, clients are able to notice the patterns that get us stuck.
I am licensed in California, Tennessee, Oregon, and Colorado. I treat trauma and PTSD, and I have helped clients improve anxiety levels, self esteem, depression, relational issues, phobias, lack of a sense of life direction, sleep, and more. Through teaching skills such as noticing and being with sensations, feelings, and thoughts, clients are able to notice the patterns that get us stuck.
(626) 788-8746 View (626) 788-8746
Photo of Courtney Adams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Courtney Adams
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
I believe that therapy is equivalent to maintenance checks with our cars. There are times when we just need a quick tune up and other times, we realize that there is a little more work to be done.
I believe that therapy is equivalent to maintenance checks with our cars. There are times when we just need a quick tune up and other times, we realize that there is a little more work to be done.
(323) 792-2493 View (323) 792-2493

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.