Therapists in Fresno, CA

View neighborhoods in Fresno
Photo of Stacy Marie Borchardt, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fresno, CA
Stacy Marie Borchardt
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
I believe you can have a life of purpose, passion, and growth. I imagine every individual or couple has the ability to get curious, change patterns, and recover from even the most difficult life circumstances. Although the thought of therapy can be scary at times, reaching out to a compassionate professional can be the first step in learning new ways to manage past hurts or embrace new life transitions. I view my role as your teammate; helping you to achieve your goals and jointly discovering a healthy path forward. Your life is your own and I am committed to helping you realize a vision for your future that is uniquely yours.
I believe you can have a life of purpose, passion, and growth. I imagine every individual or couple has the ability to get curious, change patterns, and recover from even the most difficult life circumstances. Although the thought of therapy can be scary at times, reaching out to a compassionate professional can be the first step in learning new ways to manage past hurts or embrace new life transitions. I view my role as your teammate; helping you to achieve your goals and jointly discovering a healthy path forward. Your life is your own and I am committed to helping you realize a vision for your future that is uniquely yours.
(559) 702-9122 View (559) 702-9122
Photo of Laura Kasparian, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fresno, CA
Laura Kasparian
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93710
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at Olive Leaf Family Therapy, Laura works with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, life transitions, and other issues. Her approach to therapy comes from a person-centered approach and tailors each client's treatment to their own unique needs. Laura enjoys working with and getting to know clients of all ages and backgrounds. In therapy, she values providing a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where clients can share their experiences, express their emotions, and feel validated.
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at Olive Leaf Family Therapy, Laura works with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, life transitions, and other issues. Her approach to therapy comes from a person-centered approach and tailors each client's treatment to their own unique needs. Laura enjoys working with and getting to know clients of all ages and backgrounds. In therapy, she values providing a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where clients can share their experiences, express their emotions, and feel validated.
(559) 702-0754 View (559) 702-0754
Photo of Antionette D Brookins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Antionette D Brookins
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Dr. Brookins licensed marriage and family therapist. I'm also a senior pastor's wife and I specialize in counseling Christian women. Growing up in the church I understand first hand, the sensitive and often complex needs of Christian believers. And as a skilled licensed mental health professional, I also understand that our mental health matters. And, Jesus does not want us to suffer. As a Strengths-Based therapist, I utilize CBT, EMDR, and Solution Focused interventions in treatment. I also offer a variety of coaching packages specifically designed for the Christian woman.
Hi, I'm Dr. Brookins licensed marriage and family therapist. I'm also a senior pastor's wife and I specialize in counseling Christian women. Growing up in the church I understand first hand, the sensitive and often complex needs of Christian believers. And as a skilled licensed mental health professional, I also understand that our mental health matters. And, Jesus does not want us to suffer. As a Strengths-Based therapist, I utilize CBT, EMDR, and Solution Focused interventions in treatment. I also offer a variety of coaching packages specifically designed for the Christian woman.
(559) 234-4677 View (559) 234-4677
Photo of Donna Angel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Donna Angel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93722
Hello and welcome to my page! My name is Donna Angel, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I specialize in self-love, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, body image issues, eating disorders, addiction, and mindfulness. It is my passion and joy to work with individuals and families seeking to improve their emotional well-being and live a fulfilling life. I take great pride in being a warm and personable therapist. I understand that seeking therapy can be a difficult decision, and my approach is one of empathy and understanding.
Hello and welcome to my page! My name is Donna Angel, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I specialize in self-love, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, body image issues, eating disorders, addiction, and mindfulness. It is my passion and joy to work with individuals and families seeking to improve their emotional well-being and live a fulfilling life. I take great pride in being a warm and personable therapist. I understand that seeking therapy can be a difficult decision, and my approach is one of empathy and understanding.
(559) 337-3260 View (559) 337-3260
Photo of Morgan Wachter, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fresno, CA
Morgan Wachter
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93720
I use an attachment lens to join with clients to identify their emotions and attachment styles. This will allow clients to gain better insight of their view of self and others, and how it impacts relationships. When our view of self is distorted by trauma and life circumstances it can be difficult to achieve healthy relationships with ourselves and others.
I use an attachment lens to join with clients to identify their emotions and attachment styles. This will allow clients to gain better insight of their view of self and others, and how it impacts relationships. When our view of self is distorted by trauma and life circumstances it can be difficult to achieve healthy relationships with ourselves and others.
(559) 702-0596 View (559) 702-0596
Photo of Marissa Barcelos, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Marissa Barcelos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93704
I am so glad you are here. I love to work with children, teens, and new parents who are navigating the ups and downs of parenthood. I am trained in Perinatal Mental Health and I have ten years of experience with school-based counseling, working with all ages, as well as those on IEPs. I have trainings in Theraplay, Play Therapy, EMDR, and Motivational Interviewing. I love to support kids and teens through big changes, teach them strategies to feel calm (less angry) and confident, practice how to communicate big emotions and needs, keep themselves safe, and navigating the pressures of social media, conflict, and peer relationships.
I am so glad you are here. I love to work with children, teens, and new parents who are navigating the ups and downs of parenthood. I am trained in Perinatal Mental Health and I have ten years of experience with school-based counseling, working with all ages, as well as those on IEPs. I have trainings in Theraplay, Play Therapy, EMDR, and Motivational Interviewing. I love to support kids and teens through big changes, teach them strategies to feel calm (less angry) and confident, practice how to communicate big emotions and needs, keep themselves safe, and navigating the pressures of social media, conflict, and peer relationships.
(559) 895-0167 View (559) 895-0167
Photo of Danielle R Biggs, Psychologist in Fresno, CA
Danielle R Biggs
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, BA
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711  (Online Only)
Are you holding on to things from your past which prevent you from moving forward? Can you picture the type of person you want to be... yet feel that something is always in the way, or stops you? If you answered yes, you are not alone. Feeling "stuck" can cause depression, anxiety or a host of other physical and emotional problems. I can help you understand how thoughts, feelings and behaviors interact to affect your well being. Utilizing a compassionate, non-judgmental approach, I will help you understand the underlying source of troubles and develop realistic alternatives to resolving issues.
Are you holding on to things from your past which prevent you from moving forward? Can you picture the type of person you want to be... yet feel that something is always in the way, or stops you? If you answered yes, you are not alone. Feeling "stuck" can cause depression, anxiety or a host of other physical and emotional problems. I can help you understand how thoughts, feelings and behaviors interact to affect your well being. Utilizing a compassionate, non-judgmental approach, I will help you understand the underlying source of troubles and develop realistic alternatives to resolving issues.
(559) 425-6900 View (559) 425-6900
Photo of Rachelle (Shelly) Clement-Gilpin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Rachelle (Shelly) Clement-Gilpin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
As a LMFT and TBRI Pracitioner, I have learned that many children, families, and individuals suffer from trauma. Often client's diagnosis of PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Bi-Polar, and ADHD are related to early childhood and adult trauma, as well as a lack of early secure attachment to their primary caregiver. Recent studies in Neuroscience confirm that Neuropathways in the brain develop based on these traumas.
As a LMFT and TBRI Pracitioner, I have learned that many children, families, and individuals suffer from trauma. Often client's diagnosis of PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Bi-Polar, and ADHD are related to early childhood and adult trauma, as well as a lack of early secure attachment to their primary caregiver. Recent studies in Neuroscience confirm that Neuropathways in the brain develop based on these traumas.
(559) 540-8528 View (559) 540-8528
Photo of Kayla Bundy, Counselor in Fresno, CA
Kayla Bundy
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93710  (Online Only)
“I see my life as an unfolding set of opportunities to awaken.” — Ram Dass This human experience is quite the journey, isn’t it? The fact that you are struggling does NOT make you weak, it means you are human! Nobody was given a manual for how to live life and we all have our own challenges. Perhaps you feel alone, lost, not good enough, angry, depressed, anxious, or all the above! Whatever you’re struggling with, we can use these challenges to learn from and grow into who we truly are. My intention is always to lead with compassion to create a safe space for you to freely look within and create the life you want.
“I see my life as an unfolding set of opportunities to awaken.” — Ram Dass This human experience is quite the journey, isn’t it? The fact that you are struggling does NOT make you weak, it means you are human! Nobody was given a manual for how to live life and we all have our own challenges. Perhaps you feel alone, lost, not good enough, angry, depressed, anxious, or all the above! Whatever you’re struggling with, we can use these challenges to learn from and grow into who we truly are. My intention is always to lead with compassion to create a safe space for you to freely look within and create the life you want.
(559) 543-5207 View (559) 543-5207
Photo of Dr. Nonish C Xiong, Psychologist in Fresno, CA
Dr. Nonish C Xiong
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93726  (Online Only)
Our personalities are not just what we consciously choose; they're shaped by a mix of conscious and subconscious drives. We often act based on subconscious desires and motivations we might not be aware of. Some subconscious processes actually help us adapt and function better. By becoming more aware of these subconscious influences (both positive and negative), we can better regulate our emotions and respond more effectively to our environment. This is why I am committed to helping clients achieve their objectives by exploring and adjusting their thoughts and self-talk patterns.
Our personalities are not just what we consciously choose; they're shaped by a mix of conscious and subconscious drives. We often act based on subconscious desires and motivations we might not be aware of. Some subconscious processes actually help us adapt and function better. By becoming more aware of these subconscious influences (both positive and negative), we can better regulate our emotions and respond more effectively to our environment. This is why I am committed to helping clients achieve their objectives by exploring and adjusting their thoughts and self-talk patterns.
(559) 644-0382 View (559) 644-0382
Photo of Leticia J Chavez, Psychologist in Fresno, CA
Leticia J Chavez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93704
I work with adults and adolescents who are coping with various concerns such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. I also work effectively with individuals experiencing situational stressors such as bereavement, relationship conflicts, or loss. In a supportive and confidential environment, I help clients reduce emotional distress, understand problematic behaviors, and develop tools to improve their quality of life.
I work with adults and adolescents who are coping with various concerns such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. I also work effectively with individuals experiencing situational stressors such as bereavement, relationship conflicts, or loss. In a supportive and confidential environment, I help clients reduce emotional distress, understand problematic behaviors, and develop tools to improve their quality of life.
(559) 717-4885 View (559) 717-4885
Photo of Krystal Castillo Couples Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Krystal Castillo Couples Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Therapy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93704
Welcome to a transformative journey where the focus is creating space for you. A space where you can develop and search your heart to live the life you want. Happiness is an evolving journey, beginning with a desire for change in order to create a different outcome. I will walk along side you through transitions, hurt, pain and the quest of the present moment. You will learn to find your best self even through tough circumstances. I specialize in relationship counseling. Clients describe me as easy to talk to and one who challenges them, while balancing listening and feedback.
Welcome to a transformative journey where the focus is creating space for you. A space where you can develop and search your heart to live the life you want. Happiness is an evolving journey, beginning with a desire for change in order to create a different outcome. I will walk along side you through transitions, hurt, pain and the quest of the present moment. You will learn to find your best self even through tough circumstances. I specialize in relationship counseling. Clients describe me as easy to talk to and one who challenges them, while balancing listening and feedback.
(559) 892-0807 View (559) 892-0807
Photo of Mahtab Kaeni, Psychologist in Fresno, CA
Mahtab Kaeni
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
Do you want a more healthy, productive and satisfying life? Sometimes, people may feel overwhelmed by what is happening in their lives and need help sorting out their feelings, finding solutions to their problems, or just feeling better. I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Transcendence Psychological Services and can help by providing a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic experience. I strive to help people find a new perspective on their problems and provide tools to help them change old patterns so they can increase the joy and peace in their lives.
Do you want a more healthy, productive and satisfying life? Sometimes, people may feel overwhelmed by what is happening in their lives and need help sorting out their feelings, finding solutions to their problems, or just feeling better. I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Transcendence Psychological Services and can help by providing a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic experience. I strive to help people find a new perspective on their problems and provide tools to help them change old patterns so they can increase the joy and peace in their lives.
(559) 708-4110 View (559) 708-4110
Photo of Janell Layne Brown in Fresno, CA
Janell Layne Brown
L, E, P
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
When you suspect your child may have learning challenges, the path to discovering their strengths and weaknesses, as well as providing help, can become challenging. You seek a clear explanation of your child’s learning profile and interventions that will build their skills and confidence.
When you suspect your child may have learning challenges, the path to discovering their strengths and weaknesses, as well as providing help, can become challenging. You seek a clear explanation of your child’s learning profile and interventions that will build their skills and confidence.
(559) 379-6655 View (559) 379-6655
Photo of Michele Salas, LPC Intern in Fresno, CA
Michele Salas
LPC Intern, MS, APCC
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
Taking the first step to begin therapy can be overwhelming and anxiety inducing. We all have times when we need support and reaching out is the beginning of healing. My passion for helping others comes from the healing work of my own trauma and experiences with PTSD. It has become my goal and purpose to support others in living a happy, full, productive, and healed life. As a trauma-informed therapist, I integrate somatic approaches to support self-empathy and self-acceptance. In addition, I utilize meditation and breathwork to help clients stay centered and mindful of environmental stressors.
Taking the first step to begin therapy can be overwhelming and anxiety inducing. We all have times when we need support and reaching out is the beginning of healing. My passion for helping others comes from the healing work of my own trauma and experiences with PTSD. It has become my goal and purpose to support others in living a happy, full, productive, and healed life. As a trauma-informed therapist, I integrate somatic approaches to support self-empathy and self-acceptance. In addition, I utilize meditation and breathwork to help clients stay centered and mindful of environmental stressors.
(559) 663-3138 View (559) 663-3138
Photo of Alfredo Laris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Alfredo Laris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93703
I believe that the power of vulnerability is one of our greatest strengths and ultimately can provide us with a deeper sense of self, security, comfort, and more compassionate towards one another. Coming from a strength-based form of doing therapy and providing support to others, I work to provide my clients with a sense of validation and comfort. As a cis male that identifies as Latinx and as a proud member of the LGBTQIA community, I am able to hold the experience of living in many diverse, cross-cultural emotional experiences that we sometimes may not even know how to begin to understand.
I believe that the power of vulnerability is one of our greatest strengths and ultimately can provide us with a deeper sense of self, security, comfort, and more compassionate towards one another. Coming from a strength-based form of doing therapy and providing support to others, I work to provide my clients with a sense of validation and comfort. As a cis male that identifies as Latinx and as a proud member of the LGBTQIA community, I am able to hold the experience of living in many diverse, cross-cultural emotional experiences that we sometimes may not even know how to begin to understand.
(559) 657-6204 View (559) 657-6204
Photo of Jessica Bloom Welford, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Jessica Bloom Welford
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93704
Not accepting new clients
There is this absolute sacred moment in therapy that happens usually right after I hear “I’ve never told anyone this before…” or “I’ve never been able to say this out loud to anyone…” It’s this vulnerable and courageous moment by the client in which the therapist is asked to compassionately both hear and hold their pains. In that moment, I believe is where transformation begins for a client. I also believe that as humans we are in a constant state of evolvement and having support through some of those processes can be invaluable to finding one's life purpose or meaning. I offer both in person and virtual sessions.
There is this absolute sacred moment in therapy that happens usually right after I hear “I’ve never told anyone this before…” or “I’ve never been able to say this out loud to anyone…” It’s this vulnerable and courageous moment by the client in which the therapist is asked to compassionately both hear and hold their pains. In that moment, I believe is where transformation begins for a client. I also believe that as humans we are in a constant state of evolvement and having support through some of those processes can be invaluable to finding one's life purpose or meaning. I offer both in person and virtual sessions.
(559) 520-4934 View (559) 520-4934
Photo of Arnoldo Montelongo Guzman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Arnoldo Montelongo Guzman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93706
Hello, my name is Arnoldo Montelongo and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in End-of-Life, Medical Trauma, Medical Parents, Depression and Anxiety. I utilize Person-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy in order to assist my clients in reaching their goals. My approach to therapy is always tailored to my client's needs, background and unique experiences. I tend to use Person Centered Therapy, Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Hello, my name is Arnoldo Montelongo and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in End-of-Life, Medical Trauma, Medical Parents, Depression and Anxiety. I utilize Person-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy in order to assist my clients in reaching their goals. My approach to therapy is always tailored to my client's needs, background and unique experiences. I tend to use Person Centered Therapy, Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(559) 934-5228 View (559) 934-5228
Photo of Dolores G Amato in Fresno, CA
Dolores G Amato
LMFT, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93710
Are you depressed, anxious, struggling with your relationships, job, life transitions, or other emotional problems? Do you want to release old patterns of living? Do you want to experience more wholeness, well-being and authenticity in your life?
Are you depressed, anxious, struggling with your relationships, job, life transitions, or other emotional problems? Do you want to release old patterns of living? Do you want to experience more wholeness, well-being and authenticity in your life?
(559) 358-4947 View (559) 358-4947
Photo of Corina E Rains, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Corina E Rains
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93720  (Online Only)
In May 2007, I graduated from California State University with a bachelor’s degree in Psychology and shortly after, earned a Master’s of Science degree in Counseling, emphasis on Marriage and Family Therapy. I began my career as a therapist working with juvenile offenders and youth who’d been diagnosed with severe mental health issues. I quickly recognized that many adults who were tasked with raising these troubled youth were struggling with issues that prevented them from being active caretakers. As a result, working with hurting adults became my passion.
In May 2007, I graduated from California State University with a bachelor’s degree in Psychology and shortly after, earned a Master’s of Science degree in Counseling, emphasis on Marriage and Family Therapy. I began my career as a therapist working with juvenile offenders and youth who’d been diagnosed with severe mental health issues. I quickly recognized that many adults who were tasked with raising these troubled youth were struggling with issues that prevented them from being active caretakers. As a result, working with hurting adults became my passion.
(559) 272-4589 View (559) 272-4589

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fresno, CA

800+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Fresno, CA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
89% Depression
73% Coping Skills
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Fresno, CA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fresno?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.