Therapists in Madison, WI

View neighborhoods in Madison
Photo of Tori Lewis, LPC Intern in Madison, WI
Tori Lewis
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53711
Welcoming new clients beginning May 2024! My intention is to be your partner in a journey of self-exploration to tap into your full potential. I will encourage and challenge you to create your own meaning in life and express your most authentic self. We will explore the way you move through the world with a sense of curiosity, humor, and lightheartedness rather than judgment. My focus is on who people are, what they have to offer, and their strengths, rather than who they are not. I believe in the power of deep human connections; It is always an honor and privilege to be a part of my clients' journey. I look forward to meeting you!
Welcoming new clients beginning May 2024! My intention is to be your partner in a journey of self-exploration to tap into your full potential. I will encourage and challenge you to create your own meaning in life and express your most authentic self. We will explore the way you move through the world with a sense of curiosity, humor, and lightheartedness rather than judgment. My focus is on who people are, what they have to offer, and their strengths, rather than who they are not. I believe in the power of deep human connections; It is always an honor and privilege to be a part of my clients' journey. I look forward to meeting you!
(608) 650-5584 View (608) 650-5584
Photo of Margo Nelson, Counselor in Madison, WI
Margo Nelson
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53707  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You are amazing. Together we can create a map for your unique journey of experiences and change. I am an open and accepting, culturally competent, sex positive, compassionate and creative counselor. My approach is tailored to individual client's or couple’s needs. I have an emphasis in Rogerian, emotionally focused, cognitive behavioral, and narrative therapies. I work with people from late adolescence through older adult.
You are amazing. Together we can create a map for your unique journey of experiences and change. I am an open and accepting, culturally competent, sex positive, compassionate and creative counselor. My approach is tailored to individual client's or couple’s needs. I have an emphasis in Rogerian, emotionally focused, cognitive behavioral, and narrative therapies. I work with people from late adolescence through older adult.
(608) 571-1398 View (608) 571-1398
Photo of Liz Light, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Liz Light
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53704
Waitlist for new clients
Greetings! Sometimes we benefit from a non-biased, affirming source of support to open new pathways to pleasure and fulfillment - both of which we are all inherently deserving of. I invite clients to come as their authentic selves, explore the nuance of “what is,” and challenge narratives they may be ready to shed. As a systemic therapist, I believe all systems we exist within impact us. Clients can expect to explore thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as experiences informed by family, partnership, community, work, and broader social systems.
Greetings! Sometimes we benefit from a non-biased, affirming source of support to open new pathways to pleasure and fulfillment - both of which we are all inherently deserving of. I invite clients to come as their authentic selves, explore the nuance of “what is,” and challenge narratives they may be ready to shed. As a systemic therapist, I believe all systems we exist within impact us. Clients can expect to explore thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as experiences informed by family, partnership, community, work, and broader social systems.
(608) 979-7417 View (608) 979-7417
Photo of Megan Pierson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Megan Pierson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53713  (Online Only)
My hope is that we can work together to establish goals and clarify the values that are important to you. As we look at what's going on in your life, we will consider what you have tried before and what barriers are hindering you from living the life you want. Together we will develop creative and flexible strategies that you can try in the future. I do not "fix" people, nor do I have all the answers in life. Instead, I deeply care for hurting people. I will help you consider other perspectives and build skills that will empower you to live a more authentic life. My hope is that you will feel seen, understood, and accepted.
My hope is that we can work together to establish goals and clarify the values that are important to you. As we look at what's going on in your life, we will consider what you have tried before and what barriers are hindering you from living the life you want. Together we will develop creative and flexible strategies that you can try in the future. I do not "fix" people, nor do I have all the answers in life. Instead, I deeply care for hurting people. I will help you consider other perspectives and build skills that will empower you to live a more authentic life. My hope is that you will feel seen, understood, and accepted.
(608) 200-2364 View (608) 200-2364
Photo of Julie Jensen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Julie Jensen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53719
Waitlist for new clients
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I often see folks when they are going through an adjustment period. Maybe they're heading into middle school or college, or they are an adult who has their firstborn leaving the nest. I see clients who are reaching mid-life with unanswered questions and couples who are finding that one or both of them have changed. Many are feeling lingering effects from the pandemic and the global issues that we face. During these transition times, finding support, new strategies and tools can be helpful.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I often see folks when they are going through an adjustment period. Maybe they're heading into middle school or college, or they are an adult who has their firstborn leaving the nest. I see clients who are reaching mid-life with unanswered questions and couples who are finding that one or both of them have changed. Many are feeling lingering effects from the pandemic and the global issues that we face. During these transition times, finding support, new strategies and tools can be helpful.
(608) 492-6537 View (608) 492-6537
Photo of Marielle Mershart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Marielle Mershart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
When we find ourselves struggling in our lives, engaging in therapy can make a difference. I am an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing both in-person and virtually in Oak Park, IL and Madison WI. I work with adults, children and adolescents, as well as couples & families seeking psychotherapy for a range of issues. My approach is supportive, collaborative, and interactive. I strive to create a non-judgmental environment in where we explore relationships, identify patterns, and establish new, healthier ways of living and relating.
When we find ourselves struggling in our lives, engaging in therapy can make a difference. I am an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing both in-person and virtually in Oak Park, IL and Madison WI. I work with adults, children and adolescents, as well as couples & families seeking psychotherapy for a range of issues. My approach is supportive, collaborative, and interactive. I strive to create a non-judgmental environment in where we explore relationships, identify patterns, and establish new, healthier ways of living and relating.
(608) 473-3925 View (608) 473-3925
Photo of Amberly Stevens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Amberly Stevens
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53719
Are you experiencing feelings of anxiety and depression? Do you struggle with negative beliefs about yourself? Is it hard for you to make sense of your emotions? I have experience working with people with depression and anxiety disorders, complex-PTSD and trauma. I focus on emotions with my clients and can help you get curious about the information your emotions are trying to communicate. I approach my work with a trauma lens, I am trained in EMDR and I am IFS-informed (Internal Family Systems or Parts work).
Are you experiencing feelings of anxiety and depression? Do you struggle with negative beliefs about yourself? Is it hard for you to make sense of your emotions? I have experience working with people with depression and anxiety disorders, complex-PTSD and trauma. I focus on emotions with my clients and can help you get curious about the information your emotions are trying to communicate. I approach my work with a trauma lens, I am trained in EMDR and I am IFS-informed (Internal Family Systems or Parts work).
(608) 938-8355 View (608) 938-8355
Photo of Olivia Kostreva, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Olivia Kostreva
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
Turning our attention to discomfort and pain can be the hardest and single most important step we take towards healing. You've already taken that step. I have experience with adults confronting mood and anxiety disorders, OCD, and religious trauma. I also enjoy working with young adults during times of transition and self-exploration, and with veterans. I feel well-equipped to support you in better understanding what's important to you and in gaining freedom from the distressing patterns of thoughts and feelings that get in the way.
Turning our attention to discomfort and pain can be the hardest and single most important step we take towards healing. You've already taken that step. I have experience with adults confronting mood and anxiety disorders, OCD, and religious trauma. I also enjoy working with young adults during times of transition and self-exploration, and with veterans. I feel well-equipped to support you in better understanding what's important to you and in gaining freedom from the distressing patterns of thoughts and feelings that get in the way.
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Photo of Peace of Mind Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Peace of Mind Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome to my profile and Peace of Mind Therapy. Reaching out to a therapist can be a huge first step if you have never sought support before. Ultimately, therapy is about capturing one's strengths and helping to empower through personal growth and change.Clients seek my help because of divorce, family and relationship problems, significant loss and illness, trauma, personal choices, life transitions, depression, anxiety, and other problems. Finding peace of mind begins when you choose to start the journey. As your therapist, it will be my privilege to be your guide during this significant time in your life.
Welcome to my profile and Peace of Mind Therapy. Reaching out to a therapist can be a huge first step if you have never sought support before. Ultimately, therapy is about capturing one's strengths and helping to empower through personal growth and change.Clients seek my help because of divorce, family and relationship problems, significant loss and illness, trauma, personal choices, life transitions, depression, anxiety, and other problems. Finding peace of mind begins when you choose to start the journey. As your therapist, it will be my privilege to be your guide during this significant time in your life.
(608) 729-7828 View (608) 729-7828
Photo of Julia Appelbaum Rhodes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Julia Appelbaum Rhodes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
Previously, Julia worked with a great variety of mental health problems including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and schizophrenia.
Previously, Julia worked with a great variety of mental health problems including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and schizophrenia.
(608) 200-3122 View (608) 200-3122
Photo of Matt Schneider, Psychologist in Madison, WI
Matt Schneider
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53705
I work with adults and adolescents using an integrative framework in order to meet your individual needs. As long as you are motivated to make positive changes in your life, I'm here to help you through it. While, I am able to help you through a variety of difficulties, there are 3 primary groups that I specialize in working with. First, I enjoy working with members of the LGBTQ+ community, particularly around support with identity exploration or gender affirming care. I know the importance of having someone knowledgeable about some of the specific issues that this community faces and am available to talk about any difficulties.
I work with adults and adolescents using an integrative framework in order to meet your individual needs. As long as you are motivated to make positive changes in your life, I'm here to help you through it. While, I am able to help you through a variety of difficulties, there are 3 primary groups that I specialize in working with. First, I enjoy working with members of the LGBTQ+ community, particularly around support with identity exploration or gender affirming care. I know the importance of having someone knowledgeable about some of the specific issues that this community faces and am available to talk about any difficulties.
(608) 305-8207 x339 View (608) 305-8207 x339
Photo of Steve Blank, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Steve Blank
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
I believe that everyone has the capacity to grow and change. I work with families and couples who may be questioning their connection to one another, and with individuals who feel stuck, unmotivated, or afraid. As a family therapist, I encourage people to explore how the different systems they are a part of impact the quality of their lives. How does their family function? Their place of work? Their culture? Together we explore how making changes in ourselves impacts our relationships to these different systems. We change our world by changing our relationship to it.
I believe that everyone has the capacity to grow and change. I work with families and couples who may be questioning their connection to one another, and with individuals who feel stuck, unmotivated, or afraid. As a family therapist, I encourage people to explore how the different systems they are a part of impact the quality of their lives. How does their family function? Their place of work? Their culture? Together we explore how making changes in ourselves impacts our relationships to these different systems. We change our world by changing our relationship to it.
(608) 424-5022 View (608) 424-5022
Photo of Jody Reiss, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Jody Reiss
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Jody Reiss is a licensed psychotherapist who received her MS, LMFT from Edgewood College. In therapy, Jody uses an integrative perspective, including strength based, internal famly systems, psychodynamic, solution focused, humor, and play. She creates an atmosphere that is safe, supportive and non-judgemental. Jody has experience working collaboratively, with all ages from 5 through 84, all genders, the LGBTQ community, individuals, couples and families, on issues that include anxiety, depression, loss, self-esteem, body dysmorphia and trauma.
Jody Reiss is a licensed psychotherapist who received her MS, LMFT from Edgewood College. In therapy, Jody uses an integrative perspective, including strength based, internal famly systems, psychodynamic, solution focused, humor, and play. She creates an atmosphere that is safe, supportive and non-judgemental. Jody has experience working collaboratively, with all ages from 5 through 84, all genders, the LGBTQ community, individuals, couples and families, on issues that include anxiety, depression, loss, self-esteem, body dysmorphia and trauma.
(608) 686-6411 View (608) 686-6411
Photo of Amy O'Brien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Madison, WI
Amy O'Brien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53713
As a therapist, I believe that everyone has the power to move towards healing and growth. I provide a client centered approach and strongly believe in the therapeutic relationship to help guide the work at your own pace. For my youngest clients, I value play as a form of communication to share thoughts and feelings about the world. I offer space to process all of the thoughts and emotions that come along throughout life and hope that my clients leave therapy with a better understanding of themselves.
As a therapist, I believe that everyone has the power to move towards healing and growth. I provide a client centered approach and strongly believe in the therapeutic relationship to help guide the work at your own pace. For my youngest clients, I value play as a form of communication to share thoughts and feelings about the world. I offer space to process all of the thoughts and emotions that come along throughout life and hope that my clients leave therapy with a better understanding of themselves.
(608) 200-5606 View (608) 200-5606
Photo of Discover You Counseling and Personal Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Discover You Counseling and Personal Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CCTP
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53718
Is your relationship suffering from ongoing issues? Does it seem to be getting worse? Family conflict? Has your child begun to act out behaviorally? Issues with trust? Infidelity? Issues with communication? Lack of overall satisfaction? Has it gotten to the point where you've considered breaking things off with your partner? Ending a friendship? Cutting off a family member? Pause for a moment...and consider this...what would be different in your life if the issues within your relationship were no longer a major concern? How would the quality of your life be impacted?
Is your relationship suffering from ongoing issues? Does it seem to be getting worse? Family conflict? Has your child begun to act out behaviorally? Issues with trust? Infidelity? Issues with communication? Lack of overall satisfaction? Has it gotten to the point where you've considered breaking things off with your partner? Ending a friendship? Cutting off a family member? Pause for a moment...and consider this...what would be different in your life if the issues within your relationship were no longer a major concern? How would the quality of your life be impacted?
(608) 560-5355 View (608) 560-5355
Photo of Kurt Buehring - Marriage Counselor, Marriage & Family Therapist in Madison, WI
Kurt Buehring - Marriage Counselor
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53713
Relationships aren't always easy... At times they may be our greatest source of ease and joy, but every couple knows that they can also be our greatest source of frustration and struggle. You may be asking yourself, "How did we get here?" or "How are we ever going to make this better?" Reaching out for help may not be easy either, but it's an acknowledgment that your happiness and your relationship are worth fighting for, and that's a good place to start. I'll help you to 1) Look with clarity at what has come between you, and 2) Do the vital work to rebuild trust, understanding, love, and intimacy in your relationship.
Relationships aren't always easy... At times they may be our greatest source of ease and joy, but every couple knows that they can also be our greatest source of frustration and struggle. You may be asking yourself, "How did we get here?" or "How are we ever going to make this better?" Reaching out for help may not be easy either, but it's an acknowledgment that your happiness and your relationship are worth fighting for, and that's a good place to start. I'll help you to 1) Look with clarity at what has come between you, and 2) Do the vital work to rebuild trust, understanding, love, and intimacy in your relationship.
(608) 719-4229 View (608) 719-4229
Photo of Sarah Erickson, Psychologist in Madison, WI
Sarah Erickson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703  (Online Only)
Hi! I’m Dr. Erickson and I’m a Clinical Psychologist with WellQor licensed in Wisconsin and Massachusetts. I have a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology from the Minnesota School of Professional Psychology, and I completed my post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Throughout my career, I’ve had a broad range of experience working in inpatient, community mental health, and college settings. As a therapist, my number one priority is the relationships I’m able to form with my clients. I truly believe that relationships are at the heart of therapy, and that good relationships facilitate meaningful change.
Hi! I’m Dr. Erickson and I’m a Clinical Psychologist with WellQor licensed in Wisconsin and Massachusetts. I have a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology from the Minnesota School of Professional Psychology, and I completed my post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Throughout my career, I’ve had a broad range of experience working in inpatient, community mental health, and college settings. As a therapist, my number one priority is the relationships I’m able to form with my clients. I truly believe that relationships are at the heart of therapy, and that good relationships facilitate meaningful change.
(920) 671-1713 View (920) 671-1713
Photo of Erica Baumer, Counselor in Madison, WI
Erica Baumer
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53714  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I view my clients as unique individuals. I help them identify their strengths and build on them to solve their core concerns. In my practice, bolstering a client's motivation for change is important. I provide accountability and support during the tough times--knowing that we all have challenges and choices in our lives. I am very well suited to working with LGBTQi persons and those with all levels of ability. I treat many concerns, however, I specialize in anxiety concerns and trauma (PTSD). I also work with those who struggle with Personality Disorders.
I view my clients as unique individuals. I help them identify their strengths and build on them to solve their core concerns. In my practice, bolstering a client's motivation for change is important. I provide accountability and support during the tough times--knowing that we all have challenges and choices in our lives. I am very well suited to working with LGBTQi persons and those with all levels of ability. I treat many concerns, however, I specialize in anxiety concerns and trauma (PTSD). I also work with those who struggle with Personality Disorders.
(608) 402-4870 View (608) 402-4870
Photo of Lakeside Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Lakeside Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53718  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with stress in your daily life that keeps you awake at night or ongoing depression that prevents you from feeling motivated? Maybe you've experienced a significant loss or trauma that causes debilitating intrusive thoughts or flashbacks. Additionally, if you are struggling with the stress of university life, setting healthy boundaries, or communication with a partner or family member, we are here to help you explore what is keeping you stuck and find new ways of coping.
Are you struggling with stress in your daily life that keeps you awake at night or ongoing depression that prevents you from feeling motivated? Maybe you've experienced a significant loss or trauma that causes debilitating intrusive thoughts or flashbacks. Additionally, if you are struggling with the stress of university life, setting healthy boundaries, or communication with a partner or family member, we are here to help you explore what is keeping you stuck and find new ways of coping.
(608) 560-5533 View (608) 560-5533
Photo of Scott William Kalin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Madison, WI
Scott William Kalin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703
Therapy is effective when the therapist is guiding the client down a path that the therapist has already successfully completed. My heightened emotional sensitivity to myself and the world surrounding me led me on a journey of self-discovery where I learned to resolve my personal losses and access my power and intuition. Through the lessons of my resolved cycles of suffering, I have found consistent access to my emotional maturity and intuitive wisdom: Giving me the gift of living in the flow of life. Once I became grounded in the depth & flow of my being, I felt called to guide others who are on a similar journey.
Therapy is effective when the therapist is guiding the client down a path that the therapist has already successfully completed. My heightened emotional sensitivity to myself and the world surrounding me led me on a journey of self-discovery where I learned to resolve my personal losses and access my power and intuition. Through the lessons of my resolved cycles of suffering, I have found consistent access to my emotional maturity and intuitive wisdom: Giving me the gift of living in the flow of life. Once I became grounded in the depth & flow of my being, I felt called to guide others who are on a similar journey.
(608) 471-5097 View (608) 471-5097

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Madison, WI

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Madison, WI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
65% Stress
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

53% Quartz
50% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Other

How Therapists in Madison, WI see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Madison?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.