Therapists in Traverse City, MI

Photo of Kristen VanDerKolk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Kristen VanDerKolk
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Waitlist for new clients
I consider counseling a safe space to share struggles that we are facing in this world. Life can be hard, lonely, and overwhelming at times for all ages. Having support for yourself as you navigate through difficult feelings, situations, and decisions is what counseling provides. I believe that we all want to live at our true potential and sometimes that takes a refresh or deep look at how we are currently functioning. Life is a journey meant to be experienced with others.
I consider counseling a safe space to share struggles that we are facing in this world. Life can be hard, lonely, and overwhelming at times for all ages. Having support for yourself as you navigate through difficult feelings, situations, and decisions is what counseling provides. I believe that we all want to live at our true potential and sometimes that takes a refresh or deep look at how we are currently functioning. Life is a journey meant to be experienced with others.
(231) 259-9938 View (231) 259-9938
Photo of Heather Hoffman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Heather Hoffman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Not accepting new clients
Human beings are resilient. They survive unimaginable things through resourceful measures, though these can be incomprehensible to others. Sometimes, the very things people do to get through tough times can result in negative consequences (for example: addictions, people-pleasing, perfectionism, suicidal behaviors, or avoidance). Recognizing this, some seek therapy to find different ways to thrive that cause less disruption in their lives and/or less harm to themselves. Some people use therapy to process events from earlier years while others focus on adjusting current behaviors. There is no wrong way on the path toward healing.
Human beings are resilient. They survive unimaginable things through resourceful measures, though these can be incomprehensible to others. Sometimes, the very things people do to get through tough times can result in negative consequences (for example: addictions, people-pleasing, perfectionism, suicidal behaviors, or avoidance). Recognizing this, some seek therapy to find different ways to thrive that cause less disruption in their lives and/or less harm to themselves. Some people use therapy to process events from earlier years while others focus on adjusting current behaviors. There is no wrong way on the path toward healing.
(231) 333-4707 View (231) 333-4707
Photo of Kim Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Kim Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
I love the work that I do in helping people learn how to find a fresh perspective on where they are, where they want to go, and how to get there. My gift is in my ability to easily connect with people and I create an environment where we work together to get results. In addition to face-to-face counseling, I am also a certified Life Coach and Tele-Counselor which means that we can work by phone/web, if needed. I have been practicing for over 20 years working with adults, couples, families and adolescents. I opened up Grace Counseling Professionals in an effort to bring counselors together to make a difference in our community.
I love the work that I do in helping people learn how to find a fresh perspective on where they are, where they want to go, and how to get there. My gift is in my ability to easily connect with people and I create an environment where we work together to get results. In addition to face-to-face counseling, I am also a certified Life Coach and Tele-Counselor which means that we can work by phone/web, if needed. I have been practicing for over 20 years working with adults, couples, families and adolescents. I opened up Grace Counseling Professionals in an effort to bring counselors together to make a difference in our community.
(231) 399-1517 View (231) 399-1517
Photo of Aven Purcell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Aven Purcell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
I often work with individuals facing challenges that arise from life transitions, identity, relationships, parenting, career/college, and family conflict. Many topics of concern include but are not limited to symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, ADHD, trauma background, and grief. My approach to therapy focuses on honoring your strengths and meeting you exactly where you are.
I often work with individuals facing challenges that arise from life transitions, identity, relationships, parenting, career/college, and family conflict. Many topics of concern include but are not limited to symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, ADHD, trauma background, and grief. My approach to therapy focuses on honoring your strengths and meeting you exactly where you are.
(231) 272-2106 View (231) 272-2106
Photo of Jerry Richardson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Traverse City, MI
Jerry Richardson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
This Therapist Has Immediate Availability! Counseling has been a passion of mine for many years and I would love to see what kind of help I can offer you. I work with clients through compassion, humor, and unconditional positive regard. Whether it’s through straightforward honesty or easing through difficult topics and allowing a gentle approach, I can provide a style of therapy that best fits you and your personality.
This Therapist Has Immediate Availability! Counseling has been a passion of mine for many years and I would love to see what kind of help I can offer you. I work with clients through compassion, humor, and unconditional positive regard. Whether it’s through straightforward honesty or easing through difficult topics and allowing a gentle approach, I can provide a style of therapy that best fits you and your personality.
(231) 403-0865 View (231) 403-0865
Photo of Jessica Kelley, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Jessica Kelley
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Need some help? I did too. No one has it all together. I work with frustrated parents, kids & teens with behavioral/mood issues, searching young adults, & individuals dissatisfied with their life. Life is a journey, at times through the journey we can lose our sense of direction, hope, and purpose. I would like to come along side of you on your journey, & help you find solutions so you can move forward!
Need some help? I did too. No one has it all together. I work with frustrated parents, kids & teens with behavioral/mood issues, searching young adults, & individuals dissatisfied with their life. Life is a journey, at times through the journey we can lose our sense of direction, hope, and purpose. I would like to come along side of you on your journey, & help you find solutions so you can move forward!
(231) 646-8223 View (231) 646-8223
Photo of Margaret Fedder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Margaret Fedder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
There are times in our lives when it becomes essential for us to seek greater self-awareness and a fuller sense of meaning and purpose. Perhaps you're experiencing the end of a relationship, a major life transition, an intense period of stuckness, or frequent 3am panic that leaves you in a tailspin. Or, you might just be feeling like nothing is terribly wrong, but still not quite right. I offer support for adults 18+ who are looking for insight into their past experiences and present choices in order to craft a future that feels safe, authentic, and meaningful.
There are times in our lives when it becomes essential for us to seek greater self-awareness and a fuller sense of meaning and purpose. Perhaps you're experiencing the end of a relationship, a major life transition, an intense period of stuckness, or frequent 3am panic that leaves you in a tailspin. Or, you might just be feeling like nothing is terribly wrong, but still not quite right. I offer support for adults 18+ who are looking for insight into their past experiences and present choices in order to craft a future that feels safe, authentic, and meaningful.
(231) 714-6474 View (231) 714-6474
Photo of Shannon Grossman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Shannon Grossman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
I am accepting new clients! I work with people who want to experience more joy, calm, fulfillment, and connection, yet feel stuck in states of emotional overwhelm, fear, panic, emptiness, or feelings of disconnection. You may have specific goals you want to work on in therapy, or not know exactly what direction you want to move in, just know something has to change. I will bring a calm energy to the therapy session. I will support you in making desired changes in your life, processing traumatic experiences, or finding acceptance using therapeutic approaches such as EMDR, mindfulness-based talk therapy, and somatic techniques.
I am accepting new clients! I work with people who want to experience more joy, calm, fulfillment, and connection, yet feel stuck in states of emotional overwhelm, fear, panic, emptiness, or feelings of disconnection. You may have specific goals you want to work on in therapy, or not know exactly what direction you want to move in, just know something has to change. I will bring a calm energy to the therapy session. I will support you in making desired changes in your life, processing traumatic experiences, or finding acceptance using therapeutic approaches such as EMDR, mindfulness-based talk therapy, and somatic techniques.
(231) 225-9134 View (231) 225-9134
Photo of Hayden Allen Scott, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Hayden Allen Scott
Counselor, MA, LLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49696
Waitlist for new clients
The path you have been walking may be worn down. Peace, clarity, joy, and fulfillment feel distant. The storms of anxiety, depression, and trauma have become overwhelming. You don't have to travel through the storm alone. It is in caring relationships that healing sparks and growth endures. In therapy, a healing relationship starts when a safe space blossoms. In this safe space, I work with you to find the healing path you will step into.
The path you have been walking may be worn down. Peace, clarity, joy, and fulfillment feel distant. The storms of anxiety, depression, and trauma have become overwhelming. You don't have to travel through the storm alone. It is in caring relationships that healing sparks and growth endures. In therapy, a healing relationship starts when a safe space blossoms. In this safe space, I work with you to find the healing path you will step into.
(231) 624-8635 View (231) 624-8635
Photo of Amanda Stowe, Master Social Work in Traverse City, MI
Amanda Stowe
Master Social Work, LMSW, IMH-E
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
You are taking a courageous first step towards finding relief and feeling like yourself again. I believe through a safe and supporting relationship, healing and growth can happen. I am specialized in areas around women's health and mental health experiences, including perinatal wellness( pregnancy, birth and postpartum), attachment, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss. Parenthood and the path to parenthood releases symptoms we never expected, and old wounds that we never thought would surface and rupture. I believe mental health is your intrinsic right. You deserve to be seen, to be heard, and to be well.
You are taking a courageous first step towards finding relief and feeling like yourself again. I believe through a safe and supporting relationship, healing and growth can happen. I am specialized in areas around women's health and mental health experiences, including perinatal wellness( pregnancy, birth and postpartum), attachment, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss. Parenthood and the path to parenthood releases symptoms we never expected, and old wounds that we never thought would surface and rupture. I believe mental health is your intrinsic right. You deserve to be seen, to be heard, and to be well.
(231) 259-9503 View (231) 259-9503
Photo of Cindy Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Cindy Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49696  (Online Only)
I believe that counseling is a collaboration between client and therapist. I combine both traditional therapy techniques (CBT, DBT, etc.) with the knowledge that each member brings about themselves to help them create the best rest of their lives. Humor, feedback, support, skill building and education are all used in this collaboration. Warning: I give homework! I use lots of humor in therapy. Some of the issues I am adept at working with are: Pet Loss/Grief, People Loss/Grief, Native American Issues, Menopause, Neurodiversity and Introvert issues, Self Esteem and Confidence, Caregiver issues, Isolation and Loneliness, and much more
I believe that counseling is a collaboration between client and therapist. I combine both traditional therapy techniques (CBT, DBT, etc.) with the knowledge that each member brings about themselves to help them create the best rest of their lives. Humor, feedback, support, skill building and education are all used in this collaboration. Warning: I give homework! I use lots of humor in therapy. Some of the issues I am adept at working with are: Pet Loss/Grief, People Loss/Grief, Native American Issues, Menopause, Neurodiversity and Introvert issues, Self Esteem and Confidence, Caregiver issues, Isolation and Loneliness, and much more
(231) 261-2764 View (231) 261-2764
Photo of Steven McCleary, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Steven McCleary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ADS
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Not accepting new clients
I practice Integrative Psychotherapy, which incorporates all aspects of the person in the change process. Many people who seek counseling do so as a result of experiencing a problem that they cannot resolve on their own. This creates difficulties in moods, behaviors, and relationships as that problem begins to drain their energy and attention. My goal is to assist you in re-connecting with a sense of balance, or integration, in your life.
I practice Integrative Psychotherapy, which incorporates all aspects of the person in the change process. Many people who seek counseling do so as a result of experiencing a problem that they cannot resolve on their own. This creates difficulties in moods, behaviors, and relationships as that problem begins to drain their energy and attention. My goal is to assist you in re-connecting with a sense of balance, or integration, in your life.
(231) 683-4796 View (231) 683-4796
Photo of Marcie L Hester, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Marcie L Hester
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a client-centered therapist, I believe you are the expert in your own life. I consider it to be a privilege and blessing to be a part of your journey to find fulfillment in your life. I work from a holistic framework, holding the central hypothesis that every person has the innate potential for personal awareness and growth. I strive to maintain the creative and dynamic process of therapy utilizing theory and interventions from multiple models of therapy. I am committed to creating a therapeutic environment based on collaboration, action-oriented interventions, skill building and honest, supportive feedback.
As a client-centered therapist, I believe you are the expert in your own life. I consider it to be a privilege and blessing to be a part of your journey to find fulfillment in your life. I work from a holistic framework, holding the central hypothesis that every person has the innate potential for personal awareness and growth. I strive to maintain the creative and dynamic process of therapy utilizing theory and interventions from multiple models of therapy. I am committed to creating a therapeutic environment based on collaboration, action-oriented interventions, skill building and honest, supportive feedback.
(231) 879-5114 View (231) 879-5114
Photo of Christina Walsh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Christina Walsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686  (Online Only)
I take a holistic whole health approach to help those looking to find balance and stability within many areas of their lives including family, relationships, careers, school, identity, self-worth, and mental health symptom management. I practice with a solution focused outlook that is person centered on making goals and developing skills specific to every unique client. My specialties include treating mood disorders, anxiety, trauma related symptoms, intimacy issues, self-esteem, and self-acceptance.
I take a holistic whole health approach to help those looking to find balance and stability within many areas of their lives including family, relationships, careers, school, identity, self-worth, and mental health symptom management. I practice with a solution focused outlook that is person centered on making goals and developing skills specific to every unique client. My specialties include treating mood disorders, anxiety, trauma related symptoms, intimacy issues, self-esteem, and self-acceptance.
(231) 216-6174 x704 View (231) 216-6174 x704
Photo of Charity Manke, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Traverse City, MI
Charity Manke
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Not Verified Not Verified
3 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
As a clinical psychologist, my mission is simple: to help you to identify your goals and provide warm, empowering support while you work toward them. My focus is helping teens and adults navigate anxiety, depression and life changes such as divorce, work/school struggles, illness, and loss. Women's issues- the challenges of motherhood and the pressure to "do it all", especially- are of particular interest to me.
As a clinical psychologist, my mission is simple: to help you to identify your goals and provide warm, empowering support while you work toward them. My focus is helping teens and adults navigate anxiety, depression and life changes such as divorce, work/school struggles, illness, and loss. Women's issues- the challenges of motherhood and the pressure to "do it all", especially- are of particular interest to me.
(231) 333-5322 View (231) 333-5322
Photo of Dr. Diana Ro, Psychologist in Traverse City, MI
Dr. Diana Ro
Psychologist, PsyD, MCL
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
We can get stuck in unhealthy relational patterns with ourselves and others that impact our mood and sense of self. We fear disconnection, rejection, and loneliness. What we desire is to be heard, known, and valued by others. What I hope to provide is a space and partner to acknowledge and express our needs, understand our roles, set boundaries with others, and feel safe and secure in ourselves. Together we can foster a deeper understanding of yourself and provide tools to help cope with life's challenges.
We can get stuck in unhealthy relational patterns with ourselves and others that impact our mood and sense of self. We fear disconnection, rejection, and loneliness. What we desire is to be heard, known, and valued by others. What I hope to provide is a space and partner to acknowledge and express our needs, understand our roles, set boundaries with others, and feel safe and secure in ourselves. Together we can foster a deeper understanding of yourself and provide tools to help cope with life's challenges.
(231) 577-2576 View (231) 577-2576
Photo of Danielle Portillo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Danielle Portillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, LMSW, SSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
My work as a therapist is grounded in the core values of human relationships, dignity and worth of the person, human and cultural diversity, social justice and advocacy, and community mental health. I offer goal oriented and person-centered therapy individualized to client's expressive nature. I work with clients who would like to challenge their growth and get to know themselves in order become a better version of who they are. I believe that each of us has a life path and holds the capacity to authentically contribute to our world in a unique & positive manner.
My work as a therapist is grounded in the core values of human relationships, dignity and worth of the person, human and cultural diversity, social justice and advocacy, and community mental health. I offer goal oriented and person-centered therapy individualized to client's expressive nature. I work with clients who would like to challenge their growth and get to know themselves in order become a better version of who they are. I believe that each of us has a life path and holds the capacity to authentically contribute to our world in a unique & positive manner.
(231) 262-5629 View (231) 262-5629
Photo of Jessica Horness, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Jessica Horness
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Not accepting new clients
First off, congrats. You decided to look for counseling - a decision that takes a lot courage and a willingness to invest in yourself. I'm honored to be your partner for that journey. Being human is really hard work, and my job is to create a space where you can become the kind of human you want to be. In our work together, we'll focus less on feeling better and more on getting better at feeling, expanding your options for responding to the things you think, feel, and experience, so that you can make fulfilling, values-based decisions no matter what comes your way.
First off, congrats. You decided to look for counseling - a decision that takes a lot courage and a willingness to invest in yourself. I'm honored to be your partner for that journey. Being human is really hard work, and my job is to create a space where you can become the kind of human you want to be. In our work together, we'll focus less on feeling better and more on getting better at feeling, expanding your options for responding to the things you think, feel, and experience, so that you can make fulfilling, values-based decisions no matter what comes your way.
(231) 888-0512 View (231) 888-0512
Photo of Diana Powell Hornbogen M. Ed; Lmft, Marriage & Family Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Diana Powell Hornbogen M. Ed; Lmft
Marriage & Family Therapist, M Ed, LMFT
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49685
I am an experienced Marriage & Family Therapist, working with individuals, couples & families who are experiencing life &/or relational difficulties. While not all-inclusive, my client's issues have ranged from depression, anxiety, anger management, grief & loss, life transitions, & interpersonal relationships. I have taught numerous classes, including parenting & divorce, enhancing communication skills, creating successful blended families & anger management.
I am an experienced Marriage & Family Therapist, working with individuals, couples & families who are experiencing life &/or relational difficulties. While not all-inclusive, my client's issues have ranged from depression, anxiety, anger management, grief & loss, life transitions, & interpersonal relationships. I have taught numerous classes, including parenting & divorce, enhancing communication skills, creating successful blended families & anger management.
(231) 444-5329 View (231) 444-5329
Photo of Amy Jane Loeb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Amy Jane Loeb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
I believe in the transformative power of understanding one's emotional responses in order to create lasting and meaningful change. I hope to provide my clients with a foundation of knowledge to help them understand the mechanisms behind their responses and how, with time and intention, they can be changed. I pride myself on my communication skills and seek to provide objective and relatable feedback that clients find easy to understand and implement. Because of this, I find I work well with clients who value learning as a catalyst for change.
I believe in the transformative power of understanding one's emotional responses in order to create lasting and meaningful change. I hope to provide my clients with a foundation of knowledge to help them understand the mechanisms behind their responses and how, with time and intention, they can be changed. I pride myself on my communication skills and seek to provide objective and relatable feedback that clients find easy to understand and implement. Because of this, I find I work well with clients who value learning as a catalyst for change.
(231) 525-3056 View (231) 525-3056

See more therapy options for Traverse City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Traverse City, MI

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Traverse City, MI who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% BlueCross and BlueShield
58% Priority Health
58% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Traverse City, MI see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
12% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Traverse City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.