Adoption Therapists in Hawk Run, PA

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Photo of Melinda Holland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hawk Run, PA
Melinda Holland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philipsburg, PA 16866
We all have experiences that shape us into who we are as a person, how we feel, what we think, etc. Often times these experiences can leave us with questions, doubt, and a desire to further explore ourselves and find answers to live a more fulfilling life. As your Therapist, my goal is to meet you where you are and support you in a way that allows you to explore these challenging thoughts and experiences in a safe and effective way. Together, we can identify your strengths and use this as a guide to your treatment success.
We all have experiences that shape us into who we are as a person, how we feel, what we think, etc. Often times these experiences can leave us with questions, doubt, and a desire to further explore ourselves and find answers to live a more fulfilling life. As your Therapist, my goal is to meet you where you are and support you in a way that allows you to explore these challenging thoughts and experiences in a safe and effective way. Together, we can identify your strengths and use this as a guide to your treatment success.
(814) 914-8037 View (814) 914-8037

Online Therapists

Photo of Jessica Murray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hawk Run, PA
Jessica Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Murrysville, PA 15668
Waitlist for new clients
I also have significant experience both professionally and personally working with families and children impacted by adoption.
I work with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced trauma as well as concerns related to depression, loss and grief, and anxiety. As a clinician, I hold safety as a non-negotiable imperative for the therapy space to be productive. I also encourage my clients to use the safe therapy space to lean into the discomfort required to make the changes that they wish to see in their lives.
I also have significant experience both professionally and personally working with families and children impacted by adoption.
I work with individuals, couples, and families who have experienced trauma as well as concerns related to depression, loss and grief, and anxiety. As a clinician, I hold safety as a non-negotiable imperative for the therapy space to be productive. I also encourage my clients to use the safe therapy space to lean into the discomfort required to make the changes that they wish to see in their lives.
(724) 202-0526 View (724) 202-0526
Photo of Rita Lampe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hawk Run, PA
Rita Lampe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Allison Park, PA 15101
Over the past 30 plus years of providing counseling to children/adolescents, adults, couples and families, I have offered a very safe environment for people to begin healing from relationship issues, past traumas, grief and loss, anxiety and depression, etc. I particularly work with individuals going through life transitions, healing from childhood trauma and/or abuse, divorce, adoption and addiction recovery. I utilize various therapeutic interventions, focusing on what is best for each individual. I have training in EMDR and have a trauma informed focus. I integrate mindfulness practices and somatic body work as well.
Over the past 30 plus years of providing counseling to children/adolescents, adults, couples and families, I have offered a very safe environment for people to begin healing from relationship issues, past traumas, grief and loss, anxiety and depression, etc. I particularly work with individuals going through life transitions, healing from childhood trauma and/or abuse, divorce, adoption and addiction recovery. I utilize various therapeutic interventions, focusing on what is best for each individual. I have training in EMDR and have a trauma informed focus. I integrate mindfulness practices and somatic body work as well.
(412) 455-6463 View (412) 455-6463
Photo of Natasha Novikova, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hawk Run, PA
Natasha Novikova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression or marital/family issues? I have a Masters in clinical social work from University of Pittsburgh and can guide you thru the rough transition to find more comfortable balance in your life. In my career I have worked in a variety of settings, such as crisis counseling, community mental health and adoption counseling. I have treated depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD etc in a many populations including LGBT and people from multi-cultural backgrounds. At this time I have a new private practice and am ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Call today to set up an appointment.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression or marital/family issues? I have a Masters in clinical social work from University of Pittsburgh and can guide you thru the rough transition to find more comfortable balance in your life. In my career I have worked in a variety of settings, such as crisis counseling, community mental health and adoption counseling. I have treated depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD etc in a many populations including LGBT and people from multi-cultural backgrounds. At this time I have a new private practice and am ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. Call today to set up an appointment.
(412) 453-4104 View (412) 453-4104
Photo of Debrah Anne Cohen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hawk Run, PA
Debrah Anne Cohen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHL, MFT
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15221  (Online Only)
Does this describe you? You're a people pleaser, wanting to make everyone happy but yourself. You feel the pain of break-ups and grief very intensely. You are fiercely independent and hate taking help from others. Being placed for adoption can reverberate through all aspects of your life. I help clients grieving the losses associated with adoption; transracial adoptees dealing with identity issues; and adoptees working through all of the complex emotions related to search and reunion. As an adoptee myself, I "get it". I also work with the other sides of the adoption triad: birthparents and adoptive parents.
Does this describe you? You're a people pleaser, wanting to make everyone happy but yourself. You feel the pain of break-ups and grief very intensely. You are fiercely independent and hate taking help from others. Being placed for adoption can reverberate through all aspects of your life. I help clients grieving the losses associated with adoption; transracial adoptees dealing with identity issues; and adoptees working through all of the complex emotions related to search and reunion. As an adoptee myself, I "get it". I also work with the other sides of the adoption triad: birthparents and adoptive parents.
(215) 544-2012 View (215) 544-2012
Photo of Gina M Bowers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hawk Run, PA
Gina M Bowers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisburg, PA 17110  (Online Only)
Topics I have worked with include depression, anxiety, loss of employment, adult & child ADHD, career exploration, relationship issues, LGBTQIA, parenting issues, educational concerns, academic issues, reactive attachment disorder, foster/adoption, grief and loss, health issues, and self-esteem.
Let's explore ways we can get you back on the road to your success. Life gives us ups & downs & bumps along the way. How you choose to react may determine your future. These are opportunities to learn about ourselves & grow from these experiences. We may need help clarifying & identifying what the lesson might be. My approach is to help you learn how to cope & adjust to them in a supportive space. Our time together may involve a variety of approaches, depending on your needs & preferences. Humanistic/Client-Centered, Cognitive-Behavioral, Mindfulness-based, & Reality Therapy, would be the approaches I'm likely to explore with you.
Topics I have worked with include depression, anxiety, loss of employment, adult & child ADHD, career exploration, relationship issues, LGBTQIA, parenting issues, educational concerns, academic issues, reactive attachment disorder, foster/adoption, grief and loss, health issues, and self-esteem.
Let's explore ways we can get you back on the road to your success. Life gives us ups & downs & bumps along the way. How you choose to react may determine your future. These are opportunities to learn about ourselves & grow from these experiences. We may need help clarifying & identifying what the lesson might be. My approach is to help you learn how to cope & adjust to them in a supportive space. Our time together may involve a variety of approaches, depending on your needs & preferences. Humanistic/Client-Centered, Cognitive-Behavioral, Mindfulness-based, & Reality Therapy, would be the approaches I'm likely to explore with you.
(717) 915-5368 View (717) 915-5368
Photo of Fai 郟 Knudson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hawk Run, PA
Fai 郟 Knudson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I'm Fai (/fay/). I believe that our experiences in society aren't one-size-fits-all, nor should our therapy be. I aim to support those impacted by queerphobia, racism, ableism, fatphobia, adoption, and other oppressive systems which contribute to mental health difficulties, poor self-regard, and complex trauma. Together, I hope we can challenge negative core beliefs, deconstruct the experiences that led to their development, and cultivate an authentic, compassionate sense of self.
Hi! I'm Fai (/fay/). I believe that our experiences in society aren't one-size-fits-all, nor should our therapy be. I aim to support those impacted by queerphobia, racism, ableism, fatphobia, adoption, and other oppressive systems which contribute to mental health difficulties, poor self-regard, and complex trauma. Together, I hope we can challenge negative core beliefs, deconstruct the experiences that led to their development, and cultivate an authentic, compassionate sense of self.
(412) 900-9282 View (412) 900-9282
Photo of Erin Donnelly, Psychologist in Hawk Run, PA
Erin Donnelly
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Allison Park, PA 15101  (Online Only)
My practice uniquely focuses on sexuality and reproduction: relationships/sex therapy, sexual dysfunctions, pelvic pain conditions, infertility and ARTs/third party parenting (& evaluations), adoption, reproductive traumas, peri/postpartum issues, transition to parenthood and gender identity.
Each of us is a complex product of our past and present environments and experiences. Generally, we act or cope in ways that are adaptive or necessary under given circumstances. When our default methods of coping are no longer effective or our circumstances change, we begin experiencing distress in specific realms of our lives. This distress might manifest as anxiety, depression, anger, pain, relationship or sexual difficulties, social isolation, declining performance and/or impairment in daily functioning. As there is an undeniable connection between our psychological and physical wellbeing, I approach treatment in an integrative, collaborative and personality-based manner.
My practice uniquely focuses on sexuality and reproduction: relationships/sex therapy, sexual dysfunctions, pelvic pain conditions, infertility and ARTs/third party parenting (& evaluations), adoption, reproductive traumas, peri/postpartum issues, transition to parenthood and gender identity.
Each of us is a complex product of our past and present environments and experiences. Generally, we act or cope in ways that are adaptive or necessary under given circumstances. When our default methods of coping are no longer effective or our circumstances change, we begin experiencing distress in specific realms of our lives. This distress might manifest as anxiety, depression, anger, pain, relationship or sexual difficulties, social isolation, declining performance and/or impairment in daily functioning. As there is an undeniable connection between our psychological and physical wellbeing, I approach treatment in an integrative, collaborative and personality-based manner.
(913) 370-7041 View (913) 370-7041
Photo of Lea Denlinger, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hawk Run, PA
Lea Denlinger
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Hershey, PA 17033
My areas of specialty include trauma and PTSD, attachment concerns, grief, adoption, relationship concerns, sexual concerns, parenting, women's mental health, and spirituality.
I am dedicated to helping my clients overcome challenges, find healing, and lead meaningful and satisfying lives through the power of safe connections and therapeutic support. I welcome individuals, couples, and families into my therapy room to help them address difficult patterns and thrive in their lives.
My areas of specialty include trauma and PTSD, attachment concerns, grief, adoption, relationship concerns, sexual concerns, parenting, women's mental health, and spirituality.
I am dedicated to helping my clients overcome challenges, find healing, and lead meaningful and satisfying lives through the power of safe connections and therapeutic support. I welcome individuals, couples, and families into my therapy room to help them address difficult patterns and thrive in their lives.
(717) 423-8934 View (717) 423-8934
Photo of Crystal Oakman (Formerly Rice), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hawk Run, PA
Crystal Oakman (Formerly Rice)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Carlisle, PA 17013
I provide answers to your life's struggles. My one-of-a-kind therapeutic consulting blends solutions focused mentoring & coaching with counseling and therapy techniques to help you identify & resolve personal, relationship, and family challenges, all with a uniquely honest approach. I am certified in Advanced Trauma Treatment, am adoption competent, and specialize in helping others with their relationships, even the one you have with yourself.
I provide answers to your life's struggles. My one-of-a-kind therapeutic consulting blends solutions focused mentoring & coaching with counseling and therapy techniques to help you identify & resolve personal, relationship, and family challenges, all with a uniquely honest approach. I am certified in Advanced Trauma Treatment, am adoption competent, and specialize in helping others with their relationships, even the one you have with yourself.
(301) 539-9256 View (301) 539-9256
Photo of Casey Harvilla, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hawk Run, PA
Casey Harvilla
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I have also completed training in Sports Counseling and Adoption Competency.
Life can be chaotic, overwhelming, and leave us feeling stuck or questioning what to do next. These feelings can be difficult to describe and process on our own, and you shouldn’t feel alone in your journey. As a Registered and Board Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I am trained in using art making and creativity within the therapeutic process to serve as an option when words are not enough. My therapeutic approach is tailored to meet you where you are in your healing process and provide you with the tools to reclaim the chaos in your life and begin experiencing life the way you deserve.
I have also completed training in Sports Counseling and Adoption Competency.
Life can be chaotic, overwhelming, and leave us feeling stuck or questioning what to do next. These feelings can be difficult to describe and process on our own, and you shouldn’t feel alone in your journey. As a Registered and Board Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I am trained in using art making and creativity within the therapeutic process to serve as an option when words are not enough. My therapeutic approach is tailored to meet you where you are in your healing process and provide you with the tools to reclaim the chaos in your life and begin experiencing life the way you deserve.
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Photo of Emerge Counseling Ministries PA, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hawk Run, PA
Emerge Counseling Ministries PA
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, MDiv
Verified Verified
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
Other specialties include adolescent issues, parenting issues, and various mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, addiction, foster care and adoption, pastoral care.
Emerge Counseling Ministries PA accepts clients 8 yrs and older. We help those in need of marriage, couples, families or individual counseling. We help clients deal with many different mental health conditions from relationship and school-related issues to more specialized mental health issues. Our group is trained and skilled in the treatment of depression and anxiety-related disorders and multiple other mental health or life issues. We take most insurances. Please call us at (330)-867-5603 with any questions or send us an email.
Other specialties include adolescent issues, parenting issues, and various mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, addiction, foster care and adoption, pastoral care.
Emerge Counseling Ministries PA accepts clients 8 yrs and older. We help those in need of marriage, couples, families or individual counseling. We help clients deal with many different mental health conditions from relationship and school-related issues to more specialized mental health issues. Our group is trained and skilled in the treatment of depression and anxiety-related disorders and multiple other mental health or life issues. We take most insurances. Please call us at (330)-867-5603 with any questions or send us an email.
(717) 219-5181 View (717) 219-5181
Photo of The Children's Home & Lemieux Family Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hawk Run, PA
The Children's Home & Lemieux Family Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15224
Are you looking for support in the areas of adoption, foster care, infertility, assisted reproductive technology, donor conception, pregnancy loss, pregnancy decision making, or a related area? You may feel alone, but you are not. We’re here to help. The Children’s Home of Pittsburgh provides specialized counseling services to individuals, families, couples, and children. We work with all individuals and family types, without discrimination.
Are you looking for support in the areas of adoption, foster care, infertility, assisted reproductive technology, donor conception, pregnancy loss, pregnancy decision making, or a related area? You may feel alone, but you are not. We’re here to help. The Children’s Home of Pittsburgh provides specialized counseling services to individuals, families, couples, and children. We work with all individuals and family types, without discrimination.
(412) 214-8895 View (412) 214-8895
Photo of Jeffery Allen Wolfe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hawk Run, PA
Jeffery Allen Wolfe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MDiv, LPC
Verified Verified
Camp Hill, PA 17011
I have a deep belief that life should be enjoyed. There are many things that can create limits in life, and whether it is our own fault, or someone else's, these limits do not have to keep us from enjoying life. I have extensive work with people who have struggled with drug and alcohol addictions, sexual addictions, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, as well as parenting and adoption concerns. I have seen clients achieve balance in life, greater self-awareness, and overcome ways of thinking and behavior that have limited life's enjoyment and success.
I have a deep belief that life should be enjoyed. There are many things that can create limits in life, and whether it is our own fault, or someone else's, these limits do not have to keep us from enjoying life. I have extensive work with people who have struggled with drug and alcohol addictions, sexual addictions, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, as well as parenting and adoption concerns. I have seen clients achieve balance in life, greater self-awareness, and overcome ways of thinking and behavior that have limited life's enjoyment and success.
(717) 546-9658 View (717) 546-9658
Photo of The Children's Home & Lemieux Family Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hawk Run, PA
The Children's Home & Lemieux Family Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15224
Are you looking for support as a couple or during a period of grief? Or, in the areas of adoption, infertility, assisted reproductive technology, donor conception, pregnancy loss or pregnancy decision making? You may feel alone, but you are not. We’re here to help. The Children’s Home of Pittsburgh provides specialized counseling services to individuals, families, couples, and children. We work with all individuals and family types, without discrimination.
Are you looking for support as a couple or during a period of grief? Or, in the areas of adoption, infertility, assisted reproductive technology, donor conception, pregnancy loss or pregnancy decision making? You may feel alone, but you are not. We’re here to help. The Children’s Home of Pittsburgh provides specialized counseling services to individuals, families, couples, and children. We work with all individuals and family types, without discrimination.
(412) 307-8865 View (412) 307-8865
Photo of Susan M. Fink, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hawk Run, PA
Susan M. Fink
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I enjoy working with individuals and families navigating the challenges of adolescence, adoption, and school issues.
When you want to feel better--about yourself, your relationships, your career--therapy can help. It is my job to listen and to make our time together work for you. A client-focused counseling relationship will help you untangle your issues and take a fresh step forward to feeling better.
I enjoy working with individuals and families navigating the challenges of adolescence, adoption, and school issues.
When you want to feel better--about yourself, your relationships, your career--therapy can help. It is my job to listen and to make our time together work for you. A client-focused counseling relationship will help you untangle your issues and take a fresh step forward to feeling better.
(412) 275-4184 View (412) 275-4184
Photo of The Behavioral Health and Wellness Academy, LLC, Psychologist in Hawk Run, PA
The Behavioral Health and Wellness Academy, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hershey, PA 17033
CBT successfully treats: depression, anxiety, mood disorders and life adjustments; anger management, general feeling of sadness and irritability; recovery from trauma, grief and loss; relationship needs; adoption and foster care related needs; parenting support.
My approach to treatment is based in the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model. I work to help you identify feelings that have an impact on your behaviors and attitudes. By identifying this string of thoughts, feelings and actions, we can work together to make changes that bring about positive outcomes in your life. At times, making changes can be difficult. Techniques of Motivational Interviewing are useful when struggling to determine what changes would be the most beneficial. I approach every session with a trauma informed attitude so events that leave an emotional imprint can be effectively explored.
CBT successfully treats: depression, anxiety, mood disorders and life adjustments; anger management, general feeling of sadness and irritability; recovery from trauma, grief and loss; relationship needs; adoption and foster care related needs; parenting support.
My approach to treatment is based in the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model. I work to help you identify feelings that have an impact on your behaviors and attitudes. By identifying this string of thoughts, feelings and actions, we can work together to make changes that bring about positive outcomes in your life. At times, making changes can be difficult. Techniques of Motivational Interviewing are useful when struggling to determine what changes would be the most beneficial. I approach every session with a trauma informed attitude so events that leave an emotional imprint can be effectively explored.
(717) 745-1574 View (717) 745-1574
Photo of David Prybock, Psychologist in Hawk Run, PA
David Prybock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
(412) 228-0094 View (412) 228-0094
Photo of Ron Agostoni, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hawk Run, PA
Ron Agostoni
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngwood, PA 15697
I want my clients to feel connected. To know I can understand and see them. Sitting in my office with me, or meeting online, should be a place where a client feels they can be honest and open without judgement or repercussion. Nobody is perfect and we all have some type of past. We have all made bad choices or have had bad things happen. Some of had horrible and unthinkable things occur to them while others may not have experienced such things. Regardless, this is place to unpack whatever you have been carrying around. Find freedom from the baggage, trauma, stress, anxiety and whatever else may exist. You're worth it to try.
I want my clients to feel connected. To know I can understand and see them. Sitting in my office with me, or meeting online, should be a place where a client feels they can be honest and open without judgement or repercussion. Nobody is perfect and we all have some type of past. We have all made bad choices or have had bad things happen. Some of had horrible and unthinkable things occur to them while others may not have experienced such things. Regardless, this is place to unpack whatever you have been carrying around. Find freedom from the baggage, trauma, stress, anxiety and whatever else may exist. You're worth it to try.
(724) 542-2330 View (724) 542-2330
Photo of Nicole Woods, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hawk Run, PA
Nicole Woods
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MSW, CEDS
Verified Verified
Mechanicsburg, PA 17050
Welcome. At Northeastern Counseling Services we understand that life can sometimes be overwhelming, stressful, and challenging. From experiencing everyday stress to feelings of anxiety and depression- our skilled and experienced licensed counselors can help provide you with the client-centered, tailored support you need to achieve emotional and behavioral well-being. At Northeastern Counseling Services we pride ourselves on taking a complete and thoughtful approach to your emotional and behavioral wellness goals. We look forward to assisting you in enhancing the life you ideally imagine living.
Welcome. At Northeastern Counseling Services we understand that life can sometimes be overwhelming, stressful, and challenging. From experiencing everyday stress to feelings of anxiety and depression- our skilled and experienced licensed counselors can help provide you with the client-centered, tailored support you need to achieve emotional and behavioral well-being. At Northeastern Counseling Services we pride ourselves on taking a complete and thoughtful approach to your emotional and behavioral wellness goals. We look forward to assisting you in enhancing the life you ideally imagine living.
(717) 402-6524 View (717) 402-6524
Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.