Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Ephrata, PA

Photo of Heather Venezia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Heather Venezia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
Waitlist for new clients
Whether it’s depression, anxiety, trauma, sexuality, high achiever burnout, or relationships, I’d love to hear your story and help you write the next chapter. My job is to plant the seed of hope so you can envision a happier, more authentic, less stressful life for yourself. You are strong, resilient, and brave for choosing therapy.
Whether it’s depression, anxiety, trauma, sexuality, high achiever burnout, or relationships, I’d love to hear your story and help you write the next chapter. My job is to plant the seed of hope so you can envision a happier, more authentic, less stressful life for yourself. You are strong, resilient, and brave for choosing therapy.
(717) 922-5842 View (717) 922-5842
Photo of Janine Leaman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ephrata, PA
Janine Leaman
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
I consider it such an honor to journey alongside people as they work towards wholeness and hope. Through consistent patience and exploration, new pathways are formed in our minds as we find ourselves viewing the past, present, and future in new ways. I would love to join you in your process. If you want to share your story and your goals, I can hold space for you; help you learn about yourself, your patterns, and your scripts; examine your choices with you to determine how they help and hurt you based on your values; and utilize EMDR therapy to address trauma and other distressing experiences.
I consider it such an honor to journey alongside people as they work towards wholeness and hope. Through consistent patience and exploration, new pathways are formed in our minds as we find ourselves viewing the past, present, and future in new ways. I would love to join you in your process. If you want to share your story and your goals, I can hold space for you; help you learn about yourself, your patterns, and your scripts; examine your choices with you to determine how they help and hurt you based on your values; and utilize EMDR therapy to address trauma and other distressing experiences.
(717) 794-8402 View (717) 794-8402
Photo of In Process Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ephrata, PA
In Process Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
Most of our therapists are either certified or trained in EMDR (an evidence based treatment useful in the treatment of PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, pain, and stress related issues).
In Process Counseling exists to provide quality mental health services and inspire individuals and helping professionals to engage the process of learning, healing, and holistic growth. Our vision is to transform individuals, families, and communities through mental health services, by helping clients develop their full potential to live wholeheartedly and positively impact their personal and professional circles. Our therapists focus on mental health from a holistic perspective meaning that we view people, their problems, and effective treatment from a biological, psychological, social, and spiritual perspective.
Most of our therapists are either certified or trained in EMDR (an evidence based treatment useful in the treatment of PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, pain, and stress related issues).
In Process Counseling exists to provide quality mental health services and inspire individuals and helping professionals to engage the process of learning, healing, and holistic growth. Our vision is to transform individuals, families, and communities through mental health services, by helping clients develop their full potential to live wholeheartedly and positively impact their personal and professional circles. Our therapists focus on mental health from a holistic perspective meaning that we view people, their problems, and effective treatment from a biological, psychological, social, and spiritual perspective.
(717) 844-9161 View (717) 844-9161
Photo of Sara Heinzman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ephrata, PA
Sara Heinzman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
I utilize the following theories: person centered, systems therapy/ parts work, parenting support, art therapy, play therapy, mindfulness techniques, and trauma focused/ EMDR trained.
I believe that everyone has a unique story, deserving an equally unique therapeutic experience that speaks to their story and prompts the change they desire most. I enjoy working with children, teens, and adults. I work with my clients addressing: ADHD, Anger Management, Anxiety, Behavioral Issues, Career Counseling, Chronic Illness, Learning Disabilities, Transitions, Obsessive-Compulsive, Oppositional Defiance, Parenting, Developing Coping and Social Skills, Pregnancy/Postpartum, Relationship Issues, School Issues, Self-Harm, Suicidal Thoughts, Self Esteem, Depression, Domestic Violence, Emotional Distress, and Grief and Loss.
I utilize the following theories: person centered, systems therapy/ parts work, parenting support, art therapy, play therapy, mindfulness techniques, and trauma focused/ EMDR trained.
I believe that everyone has a unique story, deserving an equally unique therapeutic experience that speaks to their story and prompts the change they desire most. I enjoy working with children, teens, and adults. I work with my clients addressing: ADHD, Anger Management, Anxiety, Behavioral Issues, Career Counseling, Chronic Illness, Learning Disabilities, Transitions, Obsessive-Compulsive, Oppositional Defiance, Parenting, Developing Coping and Social Skills, Pregnancy/Postpartum, Relationship Issues, School Issues, Self-Harm, Suicidal Thoughts, Self Esteem, Depression, Domestic Violence, Emotional Distress, and Grief and Loss.
(717) 837-5717 View (717) 837-5717
Photo of Rebecca Zumba, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Rebecca Zumba
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
At some point in life, many of us struggle with a loss of joy and purpose in response to challenges such as pain, illness, trauma, life transitions, and other major stressors. I can help you stop fighting yourself and create a more peaceful and meaningful life. I see therapy as a dialogue, with us exploring together what works and is important for you. As a skills-based, solution-focused therapist, my clients often find that our work helps them better understand themselves and their patterns, and develop new, more effective ways of coping with challenges.
At some point in life, many of us struggle with a loss of joy and purpose in response to challenges such as pain, illness, trauma, life transitions, and other major stressors. I can help you stop fighting yourself and create a more peaceful and meaningful life. I see therapy as a dialogue, with us exploring together what works and is important for you. As a skills-based, solution-focused therapist, my clients often find that our work helps them better understand themselves and their patterns, and develop new, more effective ways of coping with challenges.
(717) 455-3379 View (717) 455-3379
Photo of Tessa Snavely, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ephrata, PA
Tessa Snavely
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CIMPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with around 10 years of experience in the mental health field. I currently offer telehealth sessions on Tuesdays and Thursdays for ages pre-adolescent through adult. Although my main focus areas are trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, boundary and relationship issues and life transitions, I have experience working with a variety of other issues as well.
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with around 10 years of experience in the mental health field. I currently offer telehealth sessions on Tuesdays and Thursdays for ages pre-adolescent through adult. Although my main focus areas are trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, boundary and relationship issues and life transitions, I have experience working with a variety of other issues as well.
(717) 475-8851 View (717) 475-8851
Photo of Julie M Kowalski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ephrata, PA
Julie M Kowalski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Ephrata, PA 17522
I have a particular interest and experience in working with survivors of trauma, including witnessing or experiencing violence, abuse, abandonment, rejection, spiritual abuse and complicated grief.
Welcome, I know how scary starting therapy can be. I commend you on taking this first step. I believe it is important to heal the hurts that may continue to affect you. As a therapist, I am invested in your story and will walk with you through your healing journey. I use several evidence-based approaches but focus on person centered and humanistic therapy. I will encourage you to take control of your sessions in order to foster and develop your own sense of empowerment. I will offer guidance and support throughout the process. I will also help you to develop coping skills that build upon your strengths.
I have a particular interest and experience in working with survivors of trauma, including witnessing or experiencing violence, abuse, abandonment, rejection, spiritual abuse and complicated grief.
Welcome, I know how scary starting therapy can be. I commend you on taking this first step. I believe it is important to heal the hurts that may continue to affect you. As a therapist, I am invested in your story and will walk with you through your healing journey. I use several evidence-based approaches but focus on person centered and humanistic therapy. I will encourage you to take control of your sessions in order to foster and develop your own sense of empowerment. I will offer guidance and support throughout the process. I will also help you to develop coping skills that build upon your strengths.
(717) 883-5004 View (717) 883-5004
Photo of Michael C Buonomo, Psychologist in Ephrata, PA
Michael C Buonomo
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Ephrata, PA 17522
Private practice since 1999 working with adults/adolescents/children. Depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, relational problems, family & marital concerns, adjustment problems. Provide support for PTSD, blended families and victims of previous abuse. Additional work with child behavioral disorders, ADHD, mood and parenting concerns. Over 30 year experience with the developmentally disabled, autism and dually diagnosed (ID/DD) of all ages and all settings.
Private practice since 1999 working with adults/adolescents/children. Depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, relational problems, family & marital concerns, adjustment problems. Provide support for PTSD, blended families and victims of previous abuse. Additional work with child behavioral disorders, ADHD, mood and parenting concerns. Over 30 year experience with the developmentally disabled, autism and dually diagnosed (ID/DD) of all ages and all settings.
(717) 798-3811 View (717) 798-3811
Photo of Tonya L. Lane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ephrata, PA
Tonya L. Lane
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
Hi! My name is Tonya Lane, LPC at Life and Love Counseling, LLC. I work with children, adolescents, adults, & families, with a specific emphasis on helping preschool-aged & preadolescent children. My role often extends to the children's families & their circumstances that impact their lives; education, community, & legal matters. I will often communicate with outside agencies & schools to facilitate collaboration. My clinical focus includes ADHD, ODD, PTSD, Autism, Anxiety, Depression, Developmental Disorders, & Learning Disabilities, Academic Concerns, Time Management, Boundary-Setting, Parenting, Healthy Eating, Work/Life Balance.
Hi! My name is Tonya Lane, LPC at Life and Love Counseling, LLC. I work with children, adolescents, adults, & families, with a specific emphasis on helping preschool-aged & preadolescent children. My role often extends to the children's families & their circumstances that impact their lives; education, community, & legal matters. I will often communicate with outside agencies & schools to facilitate collaboration. My clinical focus includes ADHD, ODD, PTSD, Autism, Anxiety, Depression, Developmental Disorders, & Learning Disabilities, Academic Concerns, Time Management, Boundary-Setting, Parenting, Healthy Eating, Work/Life Balance.
(717) 553-0621 View (717) 553-0621
Photo of Ambre L. Witte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Ambre L. Witte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
Hi! My name is Ambre Witte, CEO, LCSW at Life and Love Counseling, LLC. I work with children, adolescents, adults, families, & couples. My clinical focus includes mood instability/ Bipolar Disorder, self-harm/suicidal ideation, anger/explosive behavior, ODD, PTSD, OCD, Autism, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Personality Disorders, etc. My clientele primarily seeks strategies & therapeutic interventions for emotional regulation, non-compliance/defiance, conflict resolution, impulse control, executive functioning, low self-esteem, social skills, self-sufficiency, time management, academic concerns, & family/relationship conflict, etc.
Hi! My name is Ambre Witte, CEO, LCSW at Life and Love Counseling, LLC. I work with children, adolescents, adults, families, & couples. My clinical focus includes mood instability/ Bipolar Disorder, self-harm/suicidal ideation, anger/explosive behavior, ODD, PTSD, OCD, Autism, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Personality Disorders, etc. My clientele primarily seeks strategies & therapeutic interventions for emotional regulation, non-compliance/defiance, conflict resolution, impulse control, executive functioning, low self-esteem, social skills, self-sufficiency, time management, academic concerns, & family/relationship conflict, etc.
(717) 619-9452 View (717) 619-9452
Photo of Restore Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Restore Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ephrata, PA 17522
I’ve worked with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, PTSD, trauma, anger issues, grief and loss, divorce, and relationship struggles.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am trained to take a holistic approach to healing. That’s really just a fancy way to say that I help you look at and focus on everything that makes you, you. And you are not just your diagnosis or symptoms. Healing is hard. Change is hard. But they are within reach. That’s why I am driven to do what I do. I work with individuals to make that easier by creating a safe place to explore strengths, family history, support systems, community, and barriers. Together we walk the journey to healing and change, whatever that may look like.
I’ve worked with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, PTSD, trauma, anger issues, grief and loss, divorce, and relationship struggles.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker I am trained to take a holistic approach to healing. That’s really just a fancy way to say that I help you look at and focus on everything that makes you, you. And you are not just your diagnosis or symptoms. Healing is hard. Change is hard. But they are within reach. That’s why I am driven to do what I do. I work with individuals to make that easier by creating a safe place to explore strengths, family history, support systems, community, and barriers. Together we walk the journey to healing and change, whatever that may look like.
(717) 432-6743 View (717) 432-6743
Photo of Stacy Kline, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ephrata, PA
Stacy Kline
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTPI, C-DBT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP).
Life can be difficult to navigate through sometimes. I am devoted to helping individuals recognize the strength within themselves and feel empowered by who they are. I have a wide range of experience working with the military population (both active duty and veterans), substance abuse, PTSD/trauma, depression, mood disorders, anger management, men, and teenagers with behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and legal issues.
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP).
Life can be difficult to navigate through sometimes. I am devoted to helping individuals recognize the strength within themselves and feel empowered by who they are. I have a wide range of experience working with the military population (both active duty and veterans), substance abuse, PTSD/trauma, depression, mood disorders, anger management, men, and teenagers with behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and legal issues.
(484) 380-9851 View (484) 380-9851
Photo of Allison Childs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Allison Childs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
After working as an elementary educator for over 20 years, I chose to become a social worker to help address the increased need for mental health services in children and adolescents. I currently work with clients ages 12-25, and my clients are often dealing with trauma histories, behavioral difficulties, and self-esteem issues. Additionally, I provide a safe and affirming space for clients within the LGBTQ community to explore paths to their truths and desired lives.
After working as an elementary educator for over 20 years, I chose to become a social worker to help address the increased need for mental health services in children and adolescents. I currently work with clients ages 12-25, and my clients are often dealing with trauma histories, behavioral difficulties, and self-esteem issues. Additionally, I provide a safe and affirming space for clients within the LGBTQ community to explore paths to their truths and desired lives.
(717) 883-9215 View (717) 883-9215
Photo of Lauren E Feist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ephrata, PA
Lauren E Feist
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Ephrata, PA 17522
Hello! I'm Lauren! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional that provides counseling to teens, college age young adults, and adults. I enjoy working with people individually that struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationships issues.
Hello! I'm Lauren! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional that provides counseling to teens, college age young adults, and adults. I enjoy working with people individually that struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationships issues.
(717) 946-8307 View (717) 946-8307
Photo of Raven Hoover, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ephrata, PA
Raven Hoover
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522  (Online Only)
Are you looking for someone who doesn’t judge a book by its cover? Do you yearn to be openly, unapologetically yourself without fearing rejection? I’m here to hold space for you- the whole you- not just the individual aspects of your identity. My client-centered, trauma-informed approach focuses on connection, compassion, & reclaiming your power. I see the parts that make you vibrant, interesting, & wholly unique as strengths to be celebrated. I want to help you recognize, cherish, & celebrate your worth.
Are you looking for someone who doesn’t judge a book by its cover? Do you yearn to be openly, unapologetically yourself without fearing rejection? I’m here to hold space for you- the whole you- not just the individual aspects of your identity. My client-centered, trauma-informed approach focuses on connection, compassion, & reclaiming your power. I see the parts that make you vibrant, interesting, & wholly unique as strengths to be celebrated. I want to help you recognize, cherish, & celebrate your worth.
(610) 379-3829 View (610) 379-3829
Photo of Kelsa Graybill, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ephrata, PA
Kelsa Graybill
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
I work with clients seeking counseling for grief, trauma recovery, anxiety, depression, life transitions, career discernment, and relationships.
When our sense of safety is shattered or we find ourselves fragmented rather than whole, we can feel trapped and helpless. We may feel unable to move forward into a world that feels overwhelming or unsafe. The story we are living can feel like one of scarcity and survival rather than one of security and celebration. Counseling offers you the space to explore your story in the context of a secure relationship and discern how to write the next chapter of your story with courage and confidence.
I work with clients seeking counseling for grief, trauma recovery, anxiety, depression, life transitions, career discernment, and relationships.
When our sense of safety is shattered or we find ourselves fragmented rather than whole, we can feel trapped and helpless. We may feel unable to move forward into a world that feels overwhelming or unsafe. The story we are living can feel like one of scarcity and survival rather than one of security and celebration. Counseling offers you the space to explore your story in the context of a secure relationship and discern how to write the next chapter of your story with courage and confidence.
(717) 820-9118 View (717) 820-9118
Photo of Carrie Nicklas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ephrata, PA
Carrie Nicklas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Ephrata, PA 17522
I have a heart to serve individuals going through difficult times in their lives. I work with clients facing depression, anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, and adjustment disorders. Individuals and families find encouragement and support while facing grief and loss, separation and divorce, abuse, and other stressful or traumatic events. They find healing from past pain and hope for a better future through the therapeutic process.
I have a heart to serve individuals going through difficult times in their lives. I work with clients facing depression, anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, and adjustment disorders. Individuals and families find encouragement and support while facing grief and loss, separation and divorce, abuse, and other stressful or traumatic events. They find healing from past pain and hope for a better future through the therapeutic process.
(717) 488-2266 View (717) 488-2266
Photo of Susannah Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Susannah Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
I include body movement and breathing exercises into sessions as needed, because I have seen how important the mind-body connection is in the trauma healing process.
If you are hoping to rediscover joy, overcome anxiety, or work through a relationship that feels really hard, I can help. My years of experience have shown me first hand that many of us are in desperate need of a safe space to feel seen, heard, and understood. I utilize a trauma informed approach, including EMDR. I do not believe that one therapy approach is the best for everyone. I will work with you to navigate your unique therapy journey. Together, we will identify the resources that you already have within you to build support. We’ll also gather some new tools that you can put to use in your everyday scenarios.
I include body movement and breathing exercises into sessions as needed, because I have seen how important the mind-body connection is in the trauma healing process.
If you are hoping to rediscover joy, overcome anxiety, or work through a relationship that feels really hard, I can help. My years of experience have shown me first hand that many of us are in desperate need of a safe space to feel seen, heard, and understood. I utilize a trauma informed approach, including EMDR. I do not believe that one therapy approach is the best for everyone. I will work with you to navigate your unique therapy journey. Together, we will identify the resources that you already have within you to build support. We’ll also gather some new tools that you can put to use in your everyday scenarios.
(717) 528-2803 View (717) 528-2803
Photo of Elena Roth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Elena Roth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, CSAT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
I provide a safe, inclusive environment for clients to "Come As You Are" and build on the existing strengths that exist in each person. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with my Master's and undergraduate degrees in Social Work. I also have High Honors from the Phi Alpha Honor Society for my study in the field. I have over 14 years of experience working in the human services fields. I am Certified in Sexual Abuse Trauma by the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. I am EMDR trained and provide intensive EMDR sessions. I combine my knowledge of trauma and EMDR.
I provide a safe, inclusive environment for clients to "Come As You Are" and build on the existing strengths that exist in each person. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with my Master's and undergraduate degrees in Social Work. I also have High Honors from the Phi Alpha Honor Society for my study in the field. I have over 14 years of experience working in the human services fields. I am Certified in Sexual Abuse Trauma by the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. I am EMDR trained and provide intensive EMDR sessions. I combine my knowledge of trauma and EMDR.
(717) 356-3218 View (717) 356-3218
Photo of Michael Koblensky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ephrata, PA
Michael Koblensky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ephrata, PA 17522
My favorite part about being a therapist is seeing someone’s soul shine, seeing them smile, and helping them to find purpose in life again. Life can be really difficult and sometimes we just need to talk about it to make sense of it all. It is my goal to help you meet your goals and find that light inside of you that may be burning out or may have gone out years ago. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I am committed to empowering individuals to overcome challenges, find resilience, and achieve personal growth.
My favorite part about being a therapist is seeing someone’s soul shine, seeing them smile, and helping them to find purpose in life again. Life can be really difficult and sometimes we just need to talk about it to make sense of it all. It is my goal to help you meet your goals and find that light inside of you that may be burning out or may have gone out years ago. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I am committed to empowering individuals to overcome challenges, find resilience, and achieve personal growth.
(717) 447-5998 View (717) 447-5998

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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.