Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Susan Hollywood Papalia, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Susan Hollywood Papalia
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I've been helping clients for over 25 years and my love is helping people find healthy relationships, whether it is with a spouse, friend, employer or potential intimate relationship. I'm a Marriage Family Therapist and I work with many kinds of issues including how to identify and separate from toxic situations, how to heal relationships, and symptoms of depression, anxiety and anger. I will always ask you about your relationship with yourself. Are you taking care of yourself?
I've been helping clients for over 25 years and my love is helping people find healthy relationships, whether it is with a spouse, friend, employer or potential intimate relationship. I'm a Marriage Family Therapist and I work with many kinds of issues including how to identify and separate from toxic situations, how to heal relationships, and symptoms of depression, anxiety and anger. I will always ask you about your relationship with yourself. Are you taking care of yourself?
(626) 869-2336 View (626) 869-2336
Photo of Sarah Jin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Sarah Jin, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Hello, Welcome to Marriage Counseling for Asian American individuals and Cross-Cultural Couples! My focus is helping people develop deeper emotional bonding with their loved ones and build secure relationships. When we feel accepted, supported, loved, and understood by our partners and families, we can go out to the world and explore its possibilities. We cope better with life stresses, difficult life transitions, and simple daily challenges in safe, satisfying, and happy relationships.
Hello, Welcome to Marriage Counseling for Asian American individuals and Cross-Cultural Couples! My focus is helping people develop deeper emotional bonding with their loved ones and build secure relationships. When we feel accepted, supported, loved, and understood by our partners and families, we can go out to the world and explore its possibilities. We cope better with life stresses, difficult life transitions, and simple daily challenges in safe, satisfying, and happy relationships.
(626) 722-8936 View (626) 722-8936
Photo of Michele Wilkens, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Michele Wilkens
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
We need support at different times and for various reasons. Right now, may be that time for you. Do you have feelings that are overwhelming or experience lack of feeling, and doing things is becoming more difficult? You may have feelings that are painful, intolerable, empty, lost, or feel just stuck. Do you ever wonder what would it be like to feel ok? Imagine feeling some relief, calmness, and peace. How essential is it to better understand and feel good about you? It may not be easy, but we can work together for you to feel better and content with your life.
We need support at different times and for various reasons. Right now, may be that time for you. Do you have feelings that are overwhelming or experience lack of feeling, and doing things is becoming more difficult? You may have feelings that are painful, intolerable, empty, lost, or feel just stuck. Do you ever wonder what would it be like to feel ok? Imagine feeling some relief, calmness, and peace. How essential is it to better understand and feel good about you? It may not be easy, but we can work together for you to feel better and content with your life.
(323) 312-5494 View (323) 312-5494
Photo of Corey Hooper, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Corey Hooper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
As a psychotherapist and Jungian analyst, I will help you tap inner resources to better understand & deal with life challenges. We will explore who the 'you' is under anxiety, depression, fears, difficult relationships, and low self-esteem. As a Marriage and Family Therapist and analyst, I am flexible in providing the type of treatment best suited for each client, whether it is supportive when navigating difficult life transitions or analytic when exploring the inner dynamics of psyche and Self. During our work together we can explore how dreams, art, journaling, sandtray, & creative imagination play an active part in healing.
As a psychotherapist and Jungian analyst, I will help you tap inner resources to better understand & deal with life challenges. We will explore who the 'you' is under anxiety, depression, fears, difficult relationships, and low self-esteem. As a Marriage and Family Therapist and analyst, I am flexible in providing the type of treatment best suited for each client, whether it is supportive when navigating difficult life transitions or analytic when exploring the inner dynamics of psyche and Self. During our work together we can explore how dreams, art, journaling, sandtray, & creative imagination play an active part in healing.
(424) 321-6493 View (424) 321-6493
Photo of Mardy I Wasserman, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Mardy I Wasserman
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91106
I have worked as a clinical psychologist for over 40 years, specializing in psychodynamic and interpersonal insight therapy, primarily with young, mature, and older adults. Philosophically, I believe anyone can overcome obstacles to living a good life with the assistance of an experienced psychotherapist in the context of a supportive and empathic therapeutic relationship. I enjoy working with people who are highly motivated to take an honest look at themselves, their history and relationships, and who seriously want to make changes in their lives.
I have worked as a clinical psychologist for over 40 years, specializing in psychodynamic and interpersonal insight therapy, primarily with young, mature, and older adults. Philosophically, I believe anyone can overcome obstacles to living a good life with the assistance of an experienced psychotherapist in the context of a supportive and empathic therapeutic relationship. I enjoy working with people who are highly motivated to take an honest look at themselves, their history and relationships, and who seriously want to make changes in their lives.
(626) 389-8756 View (626) 389-8756
Photo of Suzanne M Lake, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Suzanne M Lake
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
"I've always considered it a privilege to listen to people's stories, helping them to understand themselves better, and in the process, to find the resources to resolve their problems. With over 20 years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist, and as a Marriage and Family Therapist earlier, I know how to help men and women of all ages get to the origins of their difficulties efficiently. My goal is to help them discover resources and new personal insights, which in turn open the way to resolving pain and conflict.
"I've always considered it a privilege to listen to people's stories, helping them to understand themselves better, and in the process, to find the resources to resolve their problems. With over 20 years of experience as a Clinical Psychologist, and as a Marriage and Family Therapist earlier, I know how to help men and women of all ages get to the origins of their difficulties efficiently. My goal is to help them discover resources and new personal insights, which in turn open the way to resolving pain and conflict.
(626) 709-6976 View (626) 709-6976
Photo of Vanessa Rosas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Vanessa Rosas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103  (Online Only)
My background for the past 20 years is in individual therapy where I specialize in depression, anxiety, PTSD (including severe and complex),and adjustment disorders. I also have a Masters in Public Health which makes me uniquely qualified to help people with chronic illness (diabetes, heart disease, HIV, and autoimmune diseases) because physical health and mental health are enmeshed. My unique background helps my clients feel better physically and mentally with the goal of creating coping mechanisms that are obtainable and easy to implement.
My background for the past 20 years is in individual therapy where I specialize in depression, anxiety, PTSD (including severe and complex),and adjustment disorders. I also have a Masters in Public Health which makes me uniquely qualified to help people with chronic illness (diabetes, heart disease, HIV, and autoimmune diseases) because physical health and mental health are enmeshed. My unique background helps my clients feel better physically and mentally with the goal of creating coping mechanisms that are obtainable and easy to implement.
(323) 970-2566 View (323) 970-2566
Photo of Kresta Dalrymple, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Kresta Dalrymple
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCPT-II, CBP
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Waitlist for new clients
“Be yourself! Everyone else is already taken…” – Oscar Wilde. Being yourself is often easier said than done. As a trauma therapist, I see how easy it is for negative experiences to hinder our ability to be the people we want to be and create a life we want to live. Our bodies and minds are amazingly adaptable—we manage to find ways to survive horrible life events—but these survival instincts were meant to be used on a short-term basis. Traumas—big or small—are stored in the body and affects our ability to connect with others, to trust, and to feel safe in the world. The good news is, healing is possible!
“Be yourself! Everyone else is already taken…” – Oscar Wilde. Being yourself is often easier said than done. As a trauma therapist, I see how easy it is for negative experiences to hinder our ability to be the people we want to be and create a life we want to live. Our bodies and minds are amazingly adaptable—we manage to find ways to survive horrible life events—but these survival instincts were meant to be used on a short-term basis. Traumas—big or small—are stored in the body and affects our ability to connect with others, to trust, and to feel safe in the world. The good news is, healing is possible!
(323) 250-7711 View (323) 250-7711
Photo of David Lorentzen, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
David Lorentzen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
I am an experienced psychologist specializing in the treatment of adults, children, teens, and families. With adults, I help with life transitions, improve relationships with loved ones, overcome worries, sadness, and destructive habits, and build confidence. I am up-to-date with the research in treating depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, and adult ADD. With children, I help with ADHD, behavior problems, self-esteem issues, coping with major life transitions, and fighting within the family. If your child acts-out, seems distractible, or needs someone to talk to during difficult times, I can help.
I am an experienced psychologist specializing in the treatment of adults, children, teens, and families. With adults, I help with life transitions, improve relationships with loved ones, overcome worries, sadness, and destructive habits, and build confidence. I am up-to-date with the research in treating depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, and adult ADD. With children, I help with ADHD, behavior problems, self-esteem issues, coping with major life transitions, and fighting within the family. If your child acts-out, seems distractible, or needs someone to talk to during difficult times, I can help.
(818) 523-4628 View (818) 523-4628
Photo of Latasha Dixon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Latasha Dixon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91107  (Online Only)
Girl, you’re exhausted. Looking at the clock, you see the day is almost over, and your to-do list is longer now than it was this morning. There are simply not enough hours in the day to get everything done. You’re drowning as each new task threatens to drag you under and leave you gasping for air. Just when you’re about to take a moment for yourself, someone asks you for help, and your guilt won’t allow you to say “no.” You haven’t been able to take time for yourself in years. Lately, your existence seems to belong to everyone but you. You don’t even remember the dreams and goals you once had. There must be more to life than this.
Girl, you’re exhausted. Looking at the clock, you see the day is almost over, and your to-do list is longer now than it was this morning. There are simply not enough hours in the day to get everything done. You’re drowning as each new task threatens to drag you under and leave you gasping for air. Just when you’re about to take a moment for yourself, someone asks you for help, and your guilt won’t allow you to say “no.” You haven’t been able to take time for yourself in years. Lately, your existence seems to belong to everyone but you. You don’t even remember the dreams and goals you once had. There must be more to life than this.
(626) 658-3961 View (626) 658-3961
Photo of SherrWay Solutions, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
SherrWay Solutions, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
SherrWay Solutions, LCSW is where one can find solutions the sure way... Your Way!
SherrWay Solutions, LCSW is where one can find solutions the sure way... Your Way!
(323) 553-4071 View (323) 553-4071
Photo of Tim Eby-McKenzie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Tim Eby-McKenzie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Living with the impact of traumatic experiences can be a terribly painful journey. I have specialized over the past 30 years in helping people to overcome the pain that lingers in the form of depression, anxiety, troubled relationships, acute stress and post-traumatic stress. One thing I know is that there is hope for a vibrant future and healthy relationships in healing of trauma.
Living with the impact of traumatic experiences can be a terribly painful journey. I have specialized over the past 30 years in helping people to overcome the pain that lingers in the form of depression, anxiety, troubled relationships, acute stress and post-traumatic stress. One thing I know is that there is hope for a vibrant future and healthy relationships in healing of trauma.
(626) 714-2716 View (626) 714-2716
Photo of Aurelie Zephir, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Aurelie Zephir
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Aurelie enjoys creating a safe environment where all aspects of her clients' identity are welcome and clients can feel at ease to open up about their thoughts and emotions. She finds joy in helping clients identify their strengths and how to use them to overcome their challenges. She works in collaboration with her clients to create sessions that meet their needs.
Aurelie enjoys creating a safe environment where all aspects of her clients' identity are welcome and clients can feel at ease to open up about their thoughts and emotions. She finds joy in helping clients identify their strengths and how to use them to overcome their challenges. She works in collaboration with her clients to create sessions that meet their needs.
(737) 520-7292 View (737) 520-7292
Photo of Aline Jekmeian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Aline Jekmeian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91107
You are not alone. At any given time, you may find it difficult to make sense of where you are in life or in your relationships. You may feel weighed down in a cycle that’s taking over your daily activities and interactions. The fact is, your struggle is real and relatable. So, the question is, where would you be if you weren’t experiencing this issue?
You are not alone. At any given time, you may find it difficult to make sense of where you are in life or in your relationships. You may feel weighed down in a cycle that’s taking over your daily activities and interactions. The fact is, your struggle is real and relatable. So, the question is, where would you be if you weren’t experiencing this issue?
(626) 696-8372 View (626) 696-8372
Photo of Jennifer Oh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jennifer Oh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
I help first-time therapy-seeking professional Asian Americans stop making lists of why they should be happy and go after the things that make them happy. You’re here because you don’t want to repeat your family’s trauma history. Maybe you have done some inner healing work on yourself, but still, feel like you need more guidance. I see you. Imagine waking up your hidden feelings, authentic desires, and self-love. You start to trust your emotional instincts and feel safe to share and allow them to be. You make healthy boundaries at work and with your loved ones so that you can spend that time for yourself.
I help first-time therapy-seeking professional Asian Americans stop making lists of why they should be happy and go after the things that make them happy. You’re here because you don’t want to repeat your family’s trauma history. Maybe you have done some inner healing work on yourself, but still, feel like you need more guidance. I see you. Imagine waking up your hidden feelings, authentic desires, and self-love. You start to trust your emotional instincts and feel safe to share and allow them to be. You make healthy boundaries at work and with your loved ones so that you can spend that time for yourself.
(818) 350-5601 View (818) 350-5601
Photo of Kelly O'Phelan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Kelly O'Phelan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Are you tired of struggling? Are you seeking someone to help you navigate life's challenges and reauthor your own story? I'm Kelly, an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT) with a passion for helping people access their full potential. I specialize in working with children, teens, adults and LGBTQ individuals, helping them discover new perspectives and foster positive change. I use an integrative approach to therapy, combining narrative therapy, EMDR, creative arts therapy, DBT, person centered, and LGBTQ+ affirmative therapy to help you meet your individual goals.
Are you tired of struggling? Are you seeking someone to help you navigate life's challenges and reauthor your own story? I'm Kelly, an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT) with a passion for helping people access their full potential. I specialize in working with children, teens, adults and LGBTQ individuals, helping them discover new perspectives and foster positive change. I use an integrative approach to therapy, combining narrative therapy, EMDR, creative arts therapy, DBT, person centered, and LGBTQ+ affirmative therapy to help you meet your individual goals.
(323) 431-9967 View (323) 431-9967
Photo of Jade Starleaf, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Jade Starleaf
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Dr. Jade Starleaf is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in working with children, adolescents, and their families. Her clinical expertise lies in working with neurodiversity. More specifically individuals with Autism, OCD, ADHD, and other anxiety related disorders. Dr. Jade (as her patients call her) is also skilled at providing comprehensive diagnostic assessments for Autism in children, adolescents, and young adults. Additionally, she runs a teen (ages 15-18) and young adult group (19-22) for those who are looking to connect more deeply with peers and process stress around school, work, and social relationships.
Dr. Jade Starleaf is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in working with children, adolescents, and their families. Her clinical expertise lies in working with neurodiversity. More specifically individuals with Autism, OCD, ADHD, and other anxiety related disorders. Dr. Jade (as her patients call her) is also skilled at providing comprehensive diagnostic assessments for Autism in children, adolescents, and young adults. Additionally, she runs a teen (ages 15-18) and young adult group (19-22) for those who are looking to connect more deeply with peers and process stress around school, work, and social relationships.
(818) 434-8423 View (818) 434-8423
Photo of Tsuilei Lam Mace, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Tsuilei Lam Mace
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91107
When we feel overwhelmed, stressed, or stuck, managing everyday stressors can feel impossible. Therapy can help. From processing and navigating thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to learning new ways to manage stress, family, and/or interpersonal challenges, therapy can help you find a better balance in everyday life and facilitate personal growth. Therapy looks different for every individual and there are times in which personal growth can appear action-packed with significant changes in habits and ways of thinking, while other times growth is marked by staying still and acknowledging the present moment.
When we feel overwhelmed, stressed, or stuck, managing everyday stressors can feel impossible. Therapy can help. From processing and navigating thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to learning new ways to manage stress, family, and/or interpersonal challenges, therapy can help you find a better balance in everyday life and facilitate personal growth. Therapy looks different for every individual and there are times in which personal growth can appear action-packed with significant changes in habits and ways of thinking, while other times growth is marked by staying still and acknowledging the present moment.
(626) 603-8359 View (626) 603-8359
Photo of Michelle G De Los Santos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Michelle G De Los Santos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107
Are you having a hard time? Life can be filled with many difficult situations. Most of us are doing the best we can and yet we still struggle. Some of the struggles are from current situations from being a spouse, a parent, an employee, a friend, a child, or a sibling. Other struggles are from old wounds that have resurfaced or have never gone away. Both of these situations can have a direct negative impact on your personal relationships, school and work performance, and your overall self-perception and self-confidence.
Are you having a hard time? Life can be filled with many difficult situations. Most of us are doing the best we can and yet we still struggle. Some of the struggles are from current situations from being a spouse, a parent, an employee, a friend, a child, or a sibling. Other struggles are from old wounds that have resurfaced or have never gone away. Both of these situations can have a direct negative impact on your personal relationships, school and work performance, and your overall self-perception and self-confidence.
(626) 507-3969 View (626) 507-3969
Photo of Anais Plasketes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Anais Plasketes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
There is no "one size fits all" approach when it comes to therapy. You decide what you would like out of our time together. Perhaps, for now, you're curious. This is where we start. I aim to strike a balance between a direct and challenging therapeutic space with warmth, compassion, and a sense of humor when appropriate. I provide space for clients to explore and "connect the dots" openly and free of judgment. Together we will work to make the unconscious more conscious expanding and deepening your understanding of yourself and putting you more in touch with your hopes, your dreams, and desires.
There is no "one size fits all" approach when it comes to therapy. You decide what you would like out of our time together. Perhaps, for now, you're curious. This is where we start. I aim to strike a balance between a direct and challenging therapeutic space with warmth, compassion, and a sense of humor when appropriate. I provide space for clients to explore and "connect the dots" openly and free of judgment. Together we will work to make the unconscious more conscious expanding and deepening your understanding of yourself and putting you more in touch with your hopes, your dreams, and desires.
(213) 214-1099 View (213) 214-1099

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.