Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Ethan York, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ethan York
Counselor, MA, LCPC, EMDR-C
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
Being queer myself, I often work with LGBTQ young adults and teens who are navigating life stressors while forming their identities. I’m formally certified with EMDRIA international in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and often use this approach to support clients' healing from childhood & other interpersonal traumatic experiences. I also assist clients in their processing of other aspects of identity including family, ethnicity, faith, and spirituality. I am very passionate about working with queer folks, people of faith, and additionally, those with post-traumatic stress symptoms and/or PTSD.
Being queer myself, I often work with LGBTQ young adults and teens who are navigating life stressors while forming their identities. I’m formally certified with EMDRIA international in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and often use this approach to support clients' healing from childhood & other interpersonal traumatic experiences. I also assist clients in their processing of other aspects of identity including family, ethnicity, faith, and spirituality. I am very passionate about working with queer folks, people of faith, and additionally, those with post-traumatic stress symptoms and/or PTSD.
(630) 381-7837 View (630) 381-7837
Photo of Jessica Townsend, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jessica Townsend
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Not accepting new clients
Welcome. Are you feeling misunderstood or perhaps not feeling heard? My intention is to offer a non-judgmental space to talk through past and present feelings and situations that may be uncomfortable, painful, stressful or overwhelming. I most often work with those who feel stuck due to anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, ADHD and grief/loss, including support for individuals within the LGBTQIA+ community. Reaching out for and participating in therapy may seem daunting; part of my role is to help work through any uneasiness or apprehension. ​
Welcome. Are you feeling misunderstood or perhaps not feeling heard? My intention is to offer a non-judgmental space to talk through past and present feelings and situations that may be uncomfortable, painful, stressful or overwhelming. I most often work with those who feel stuck due to anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, ADHD and grief/loss, including support for individuals within the LGBTQIA+ community. Reaching out for and participating in therapy may seem daunting; part of my role is to help work through any uneasiness or apprehension. ​
(847) 994-4601 View (847) 994-4601
Photo of Michelle Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Michelle Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60653  (Online Only)
If you're reading this you may be at a place in life where you are feeling disconnected from yourself and/or those around you. Maybe feeling lost or having a hard time prioritizing your needs? Allow me to invite you to journey back home to yourself. My name is Michelle Brown and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker whose core value is mental and emotional wellness through holistic, intentional living. The work I've done over the last 10 years, inside and outside the therapy space, is rooted in personal and intergenerational healing.
If you're reading this you may be at a place in life where you are feeling disconnected from yourself and/or those around you. Maybe feeling lost or having a hard time prioritizing your needs? Allow me to invite you to journey back home to yourself. My name is Michelle Brown and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker whose core value is mental and emotional wellness through holistic, intentional living. The work I've done over the last 10 years, inside and outside the therapy space, is rooted in personal and intergenerational healing.
(872) 219-0659 View (872) 219-0659
Photo of Araceli Chaidez Cano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Araceli Chaidez Cano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Welcome! My approach is rooted in the concepts of radical acceptance and self-sovereignty. My goal is to provide a safe and affirming space where you can explore your complex inner world with curiosity and compassion rather than fear or judgement. I believe we are all natural storytellers, however sometimes the stories we tell ourselves are not always grounded in reality and can be a source of great pain. Additionally, our bodies also store traumatic experiences at a subconscious level and this can have a profound impact on the way we relate to ourselves, others, and the world.
Welcome! My approach is rooted in the concepts of radical acceptance and self-sovereignty. My goal is to provide a safe and affirming space where you can explore your complex inner world with curiosity and compassion rather than fear or judgement. I believe we are all natural storytellers, however sometimes the stories we tell ourselves are not always grounded in reality and can be a source of great pain. Additionally, our bodies also store traumatic experiences at a subconscious level and this can have a profound impact on the way we relate to ourselves, others, and the world.
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Photo of Mariana Lopez, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Mariana Lopez
Counselor, MA, LCPC, 200 RTY
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hola! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor from Chicago, Illinois who loves to work with young adults, adults, and families who are seeking a holistic and relational approach to mental health and overall well-being. I specialize in Somatic Experiencing (SE) and body-centered, mindfulness approaches. I provide bilingual, trauma-informed and culturally-responsive care for patients who struggle with complex and relational trauma, life transitions, grief, identity, and existential problems. I also provides support for post-traumatic growth, decolonization, integration, and self-embodiment.
Hola! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor from Chicago, Illinois who loves to work with young adults, adults, and families who are seeking a holistic and relational approach to mental health and overall well-being. I specialize in Somatic Experiencing (SE) and body-centered, mindfulness approaches. I provide bilingual, trauma-informed and culturally-responsive care for patients who struggle with complex and relational trauma, life transitions, grief, identity, and existential problems. I also provides support for post-traumatic growth, decolonization, integration, and self-embodiment.
(773) 974-9302 View (773) 974-9302
Photo of Eleanor Wolfe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Eleanor Wolfe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
How do you overcome the pain of loss? It may be the loss of a job, a romantic or social relationship, the death of a loved one (traumatic or unexpected) or a chronic health issue. Living in a fast paced digital world, we expect instant gratification and often feel the pressure of unrealistic expectations. Life offers us all many challenges. Are you overwhelmed with anxiety or depression? Do you use drugs, alcohol, food and/or destructive relationships to relieve your pain?
How do you overcome the pain of loss? It may be the loss of a job, a romantic or social relationship, the death of a loved one (traumatic or unexpected) or a chronic health issue. Living in a fast paced digital world, we expect instant gratification and often feel the pressure of unrealistic expectations. Life offers us all many challenges. Are you overwhelmed with anxiety or depression? Do you use drugs, alcohol, food and/or destructive relationships to relieve your pain?
(872) 231-3147 View (872) 231-3147
Photo of Phaidra A Wills, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Phaidra A Wills
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60605  (Online Only)
Things have been getting tougher and tougher to deal with lately. Maybe issues with family are increasing. You’re worried about issues at work. Perhaps you’re dealing with changes in your health. Maybe unsure of your next steps. Or grieving the loss of a loved one. The stressors of life are becoming overwhelming and you’re looking for some relief and understanding.
Things have been getting tougher and tougher to deal with lately. Maybe issues with family are increasing. You’re worried about issues at work. Perhaps you’re dealing with changes in your health. Maybe unsure of your next steps. Or grieving the loss of a loved one. The stressors of life are becoming overwhelming and you’re looking for some relief and understanding.
(312) 683-9069 View (312) 683-9069
Photo of Robin Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Robin Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
People enter into therapy for a variety of reasons such as; having experienced a recent or past trauma, struggling with anxiety, depression or a life altering event. Ultimately, we all want to feel better and live more productive lives. I believe that therapy is a collaborative endeavor which takes place in an open and non-judgmental environment. My role is to help clients gain a deeper understanding of themselves, what motivates their behaviors and how they can bring about the desired changes.
People enter into therapy for a variety of reasons such as; having experienced a recent or past trauma, struggling with anxiety, depression or a life altering event. Ultimately, we all want to feel better and live more productive lives. I believe that therapy is a collaborative endeavor which takes place in an open and non-judgmental environment. My role is to help clients gain a deeper understanding of themselves, what motivates their behaviors and how they can bring about the desired changes.
(312) 487-4088 View (312) 487-4088
Photo of Sandra Zakowski, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Sandra Zakowski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
I am experienced in working with people who are dealing with a variety of issues including trauma, depression, anxiety, loss, acculturation, chronic medical problems, relationship problems, academic issues, and adjustment to other life stressors. Each individual requires a unique approach when seeking help in coping with problems of daily living, and I am dedicated to creating a collaborative therapy environment that is based on safety and mutual respect. I tend to be direct and interactive in therapy using an integrative approach and work to empower clients to access their strengths in coping with life issues.
I am experienced in working with people who are dealing with a variety of issues including trauma, depression, anxiety, loss, acculturation, chronic medical problems, relationship problems, academic issues, and adjustment to other life stressors. Each individual requires a unique approach when seeking help in coping with problems of daily living, and I am dedicated to creating a collaborative therapy environment that is based on safety and mutual respect. I tend to be direct and interactive in therapy using an integrative approach and work to empower clients to access their strengths in coping with life issues.
(773) 236-8242 View (773) 236-8242
Photo of LaTasha T Merkerson-Miller, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
LaTasha T Merkerson-Miller
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60644  (Online Only)
My ideal client would like help working on their goals, self-esteem, coping skills, personal growth, day to day stressors, racial trauma, sexual trauma, and military trauma. They are people that are hopeful, and they know that life can be better, but they need assistance with working through things.
My ideal client would like help working on their goals, self-esteem, coping skills, personal growth, day to day stressors, racial trauma, sexual trauma, and military trauma. They are people that are hopeful, and they know that life can be better, but they need assistance with working through things.
(708) 231-0708 View (708) 231-0708
Photo of Metanoia Methods, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Metanoia Methods
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60634  (Online Only)
Navigating life’s pressures often means juggling responsibilities, deadlines, and personal aspirations. Our therapy is tailored to understand and work with your unique pressures, providing a place for clarity and focused action. Whether it’s the weight of exams or the pace of the corporate ladder, we’re here to help you find your footing. Our virtual sessions are designed to fit within your busy schedule and give you access to the support you need to maintain balance and foster resilience.
Navigating life’s pressures often means juggling responsibilities, deadlines, and personal aspirations. Our therapy is tailored to understand and work with your unique pressures, providing a place for clarity and focused action. Whether it’s the weight of exams or the pace of the corporate ladder, we’re here to help you find your footing. Our virtual sessions are designed to fit within your busy schedule and give you access to the support you need to maintain balance and foster resilience.
(224) 257-3983 View (224) 257-3983
Photo of Andrea Schultz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Andrea Schultz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT, CPT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60660
Not accepting new clients
Would you like to decrease feelings of anxiety or self-judgment? Are you hoping to deepen your connection with yourself or others? Do you experience loneliness or depression or do you want to get help with relationships, ongoing struggle or chronic illness? Many people feel unhappy in their lives for reasons they can't identify. They may have a vague sense that they are "missing out" or not living the life they want to live; others feel "stuck" in some uncomfortable pattern of behavior. Whatever brings you to therapy, I firmly believe in our capacity to heal, in our own innate wisdom and our ability to know greater peace and joy.
Would you like to decrease feelings of anxiety or self-judgment? Are you hoping to deepen your connection with yourself or others? Do you experience loneliness or depression or do you want to get help with relationships, ongoing struggle or chronic illness? Many people feel unhappy in their lives for reasons they can't identify. They may have a vague sense that they are "missing out" or not living the life they want to live; others feel "stuck" in some uncomfortable pattern of behavior. Whatever brings you to therapy, I firmly believe in our capacity to heal, in our own innate wisdom and our ability to know greater peace and joy.
(312) 500-7976 View (312) 500-7976
Photo of Dr. Julia DiGangi, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Julia DiGangi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Dr. DiGangi is a neuropsychologist, specializing in anxiety and relationships (in couples, parenting and work). She brings 2 powerful assets to your care. First, she is a leading brain expert and understands precisely what drives anxiety and relationship stress in your life. Second, she has treated a wide range of patients for many years. This means if you have anxiety or relationship strain, Dr. DiGangi is a seasoned expert, ready to help you powerfully and quickly. She is licensed to treat patients in 31 states through "Psypact," including Illinois and Washington, D.C.
Dr. DiGangi is a neuropsychologist, specializing in anxiety and relationships (in couples, parenting and work). She brings 2 powerful assets to your care. First, she is a leading brain expert and understands precisely what drives anxiety and relationship stress in your life. Second, she has treated a wide range of patients for many years. This means if you have anxiety or relationship strain, Dr. DiGangi is a seasoned expert, ready to help you powerfully and quickly. She is licensed to treat patients in 31 states through "Psypact," including Illinois and Washington, D.C.
(312) 313-5430 View (312) 313-5430
Photo of Laura Howland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Laura Howland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I believe the relationship you develop with yourself is the foundation for the relationships you create in the world around you. A strong foundation requires that you remain openminded and are prepared to challenge your assumptions. Since beginning my therapy practice I have had the opportunity to work with clients contending with a wide variety of issues to include but not limited to: trauma and post traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, resource insecurity, gender and sexuality validation, chronic pain, and loss.
I believe the relationship you develop with yourself is the foundation for the relationships you create in the world around you. A strong foundation requires that you remain openminded and are prepared to challenge your assumptions. Since beginning my therapy practice I have had the opportunity to work with clients contending with a wide variety of issues to include but not limited to: trauma and post traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, resource insecurity, gender and sexuality validation, chronic pain, and loss.
(872) 241-1198 View (872) 241-1198
Photo of Vanessa Baie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Vanessa Baie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603  (Online Only)
The most powerful form of healing is being heard. I am committed to providing you a safe, secure, and judgment free space to get to know yourself better and explore the patterns present in your daily living and relationships. Together we will work to understand the roots of your history and embrace your natural resilience and strength. I work using tools of introspection, reflection, and empathetic listening for you to better understand your experiences and your feelings and responses to them, even when they might not be distinctly visible on the surface.
The most powerful form of healing is being heard. I am committed to providing you a safe, secure, and judgment free space to get to know yourself better and explore the patterns present in your daily living and relationships. Together we will work to understand the roots of your history and embrace your natural resilience and strength. I work using tools of introspection, reflection, and empathetic listening for you to better understand your experiences and your feelings and responses to them, even when they might not be distinctly visible on the surface.
(773) 570-1720 View (773) 570-1720
Photo of Judith L Weirauch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Judith L Weirauch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
I firmly believe in our capacity to make the choices necessary in order to live our lives fully and authentically, meeting life on life's terms. It is an act of courage to seek help when life's terms seem different than our own. Together we create the space for you to strengthen existing skills and develop new ones to achieve purpose, meaning, and contentment in your life and relationships. I believe in collaboration, respect, and humor to promote insight and change. We will create a safe environment in which you can feel empowered to enact the changes you desire.
I firmly believe in our capacity to make the choices necessary in order to live our lives fully and authentically, meeting life on life's terms. It is an act of courage to seek help when life's terms seem different than our own. Together we create the space for you to strengthen existing skills and develop new ones to achieve purpose, meaning, and contentment in your life and relationships. I believe in collaboration, respect, and humor to promote insight and change. We will create a safe environment in which you can feel empowered to enact the changes you desire.
(773) 839-4633 View (773) 839-4633
Photo of Jennifer Marie Spitler, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jennifer Marie Spitler
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60608  (Online Only)
It is all too often we miss out on life as it unfolds, in the present moment. Our thoughts, feelings, and memories often leave us distracted, reactive, and approaching life as though it were a series of problems to be solved. In truth, some of us struggle with presence and reactivity more than others. Neurodiverse folks frequently struggle to regulate strong emotions, maintain healthy relationships, and manage activities of daily living.
It is all too often we miss out on life as it unfolds, in the present moment. Our thoughts, feelings, and memories often leave us distracted, reactive, and approaching life as though it were a series of problems to be solved. In truth, some of us struggle with presence and reactivity more than others. Neurodiverse folks frequently struggle to regulate strong emotions, maintain healthy relationships, and manage activities of daily living.
(312) 906-7042 View (312) 906-7042
Photo of Joana Martins, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Joana Martins
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
We all come from diverse backgrounds and life stages, each with our own unique struggles and aspirations. Whether we are grappling with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors, relationship difficulties, life transitions, or other challenges, psychotherapy can provide invaluable support in a confidential and non-judgmental space. It is my belief that every person has the inherent capacity for growth and resilience, and therapy serves as a catalyst for unlocking that potential.
We all come from diverse backgrounds and life stages, each with our own unique struggles and aspirations. Whether we are grappling with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors, relationship difficulties, life transitions, or other challenges, psychotherapy can provide invaluable support in a confidential and non-judgmental space. It is my belief that every person has the inherent capacity for growth and resilience, and therapy serves as a catalyst for unlocking that potential.
(773) 754-4725 View (773) 754-4725
Photo of Mary Cook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Mary Cook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I work with children, adolescents, and young adults, specializing in youth who struggle with behavioral difficulties, anxiety, depression, anger management, and Sensory Processing Disorder.
I work with children, adolescents, and young adults, specializing in youth who struggle with behavioral difficulties, anxiety, depression, anger management, and Sensory Processing Disorder.
(872) 242-1886 View (872) 242-1886
Photo of Tim (TJ) Jordan, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Tim (TJ) Jordan
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist for you can be brutal - you're already going through it enough to want to go to therapy, and now even that is proving to be a challenge! I've been there before too, so I get it. I'm someone who will honor and validate your very real struggle, while also seeing the best in you and helping you reconnect to your own excellence. If I have the privilege of becoming your therapist, I'll be here as a fellow human being to accompany you on this leg of your journey - you won't be alone. I offer attentive listening, compassionate warmth, thoughtful insights, encouragement and professional guidance.
Finding the right therapist for you can be brutal - you're already going through it enough to want to go to therapy, and now even that is proving to be a challenge! I've been there before too, so I get it. I'm someone who will honor and validate your very real struggle, while also seeing the best in you and helping you reconnect to your own excellence. If I have the privilege of becoming your therapist, I'll be here as a fellow human being to accompany you on this leg of your journey - you won't be alone. I offer attentive listening, compassionate warmth, thoughtful insights, encouragement and professional guidance.
(773) 985-7368 View (773) 985-7368

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.