Therapists in Thonotosassa, FL

Photo of Shayna Gurvitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shayna Gurvitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi there – I’m so glad you’re here! My name is Shayna, and I truly believe therapy is for everyone. Whether you’re working toward specific goals or just needing a safe space to process life as it comes, I’m here to support you. I'm certified in Superhero Therapy, Geek Therapy, and Cinema Therapy, and I’m also the creator of Board Game Therapy. I love bringing creativity into the therapy space — blending art, music, shows, games, and experiential activities with evidence-based practices like Narrative Therapy and CBT. I’ve spent over 7 years delivering therapy services to clients of all ages.
Hi there – I’m so glad you’re here! My name is Shayna, and I truly believe therapy is for everyone. Whether you’re working toward specific goals or just needing a safe space to process life as it comes, I’m here to support you. I'm certified in Superhero Therapy, Geek Therapy, and Cinema Therapy, and I’m also the creator of Board Game Therapy. I love bringing creativity into the therapy space — blending art, music, shows, games, and experiential activities with evidence-based practices like Narrative Therapy and CBT. I’ve spent over 7 years delivering therapy services to clients of all ages.
(813) 796-5033 View (813) 796-5033
Photo of Melanie Charlynn Gavami, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC, EMDR
Melanie Charlynn Gavami
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC, EMDR
Online Only
Life can feel overwhelming when past experiences, anxiety, relationship struggles, or major life changes begin to affect your daily life. I work with adults who are ready to move beyond simply surviving and begin healing. Whether you're coping with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief, or relationship challenges, I provide a compassionate, supportive space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered. Together, we'll build on your strengths, process difficult experiences, and help you create a life with greater peace, resilience, and confidence.
Life can feel overwhelming when past experiences, anxiety, relationship struggles, or major life changes begin to affect your daily life. I work with adults who are ready to move beyond simply surviving and begin healing. Whether you're coping with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief, or relationship challenges, I provide a compassionate, supportive space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered. Together, we'll build on your strengths, process difficult experiences, and help you create a life with greater peace, resilience, and confidence.
(352) 776-1512 View (352) 776-1512
Photo of Sue Wilson, Counselor, LMHC-D
Sue Wilson
Counselor, LMHC-D
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you experiencing sadness, anxiety, stress, feeling overwhelmed, and unable to manage your emotions? It can be difficult to consider therapy, but I can assure you it will be beneficial. My goal as a therapist is to assist you in building a secure space to share your emotions, together we can create a therapeutic plan to assist your needs. As a therapist, I offered compassionate care, and a non-judgmental listening style that will make you feel comfortable disclosing your difficult experiences. Together we will be able to formulate your goals for therapy.
Are you experiencing sadness, anxiety, stress, feeling overwhelmed, and unable to manage your emotions? It can be difficult to consider therapy, but I can assure you it will be beneficial. My goal as a therapist is to assist you in building a secure space to share your emotions, together we can create a therapeutic plan to assist your needs. As a therapist, I offered compassionate care, and a non-judgmental listening style that will make you feel comfortable disclosing your difficult experiences. Together we will be able to formulate your goals for therapy.
(845) 253-4859 View (845) 253-4859
Photo of Patricia Behn-Wright, Counselor, LMHC
Patricia Behn-Wright
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Salutations, and welcome. I invite you to join me on a healing journey where you can feel seen, supported, and safe. I am a licensed mental health counselor, EMDR-trained clinician, and registered art therapist with more than a decade of trauma-informed experience. My approach is grounded in compassion, empathy, and deep respect for you as the expert of your own life. I use a person-centered style and integrate a variety of approaches, including EMDR, cognitive behavioral therapy, art therapy, solution-focused methods, sand tray work, and traditional talk therapy.
Salutations, and welcome. I invite you to join me on a healing journey where you can feel seen, supported, and safe. I am a licensed mental health counselor, EMDR-trained clinician, and registered art therapist with more than a decade of trauma-informed experience. My approach is grounded in compassion, empathy, and deep respect for you as the expert of your own life. I use a person-centered style and integrate a variety of approaches, including EMDR, cognitive behavioral therapy, art therapy, solution-focused methods, sand tray work, and traditional talk therapy.
(813) 796-8684 View (813) 796-8684
Photo of Elizabeth Marsh, Counselor, LMHC
Elizabeth Marsh
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
Hi. My name is Beth Marsh and I am a licensed mental health counselor living in Florida. I have been practicing since 2000. I have worked in community mental health, large private practices, small private practices, for a professional medicine department with a local university, fancy residential rehab, and as a case manager for a large insurance company. My clients have been diverse and run the gamut in socio-economic status. I enjoy working with most people.
Hi. My name is Beth Marsh and I am a licensed mental health counselor living in Florida. I have been practicing since 2000. I have worked in community mental health, large private practices, small private practices, for a professional medicine department with a local university, fancy residential rehab, and as a case manager for a large insurance company. My clients have been diverse and run the gamut in socio-economic status. I enjoy working with most people.
(813) 945-7461 View (813) 945-7461
Photo of Mindy Dunagan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Mindy Dunagan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a dedicated mental health professor, with extensive experience in helping individuals navigate personal challenges. In therapy, I specialize in realistic beliefs, performance anxiety, relationship issues, athlete issues, LGBTQ+ issues, etc. and offer a compassionate, client-centered approach tailored to each person’s unique needs. I strive to create a safe space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to create lasting change.
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a dedicated mental health professor, with extensive experience in helping individuals navigate personal challenges. In therapy, I specialize in realistic beliefs, performance anxiety, relationship issues, athlete issues, LGBTQ+ issues, etc. and offer a compassionate, client-centered approach tailored to each person’s unique needs. I strive to create a safe space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to create lasting change.
(941) 279-2147 View (941) 279-2147
Photo of Heather Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Heather Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I am accepting new Tele-Therapy individuals & couples in Oregon and Florida. It takes a lot of courage to admit you need help. However, it's the first step. I am excited to work with a vast array of clients, including those in the LGBTQ+/BDSM/Kink/Consensual Non-Monogamy community and those with religious shame, veterans, & those with criminal & substance use histories. If you are seeking internal stability and grounding, I would love to help facilitate personal growth in a compassionate and safe environment. My goal is to help you move towards self-acceptance and away from shame.
I am accepting new Tele-Therapy individuals & couples in Oregon and Florida. It takes a lot of courage to admit you need help. However, it's the first step. I am excited to work with a vast array of clients, including those in the LGBTQ+/BDSM/Kink/Consensual Non-Monogamy community and those with religious shame, veterans, & those with criminal & substance use histories. If you are seeking internal stability and grounding, I would love to help facilitate personal growth in a compassionate and safe environment. My goal is to help you move towards self-acceptance and away from shame.
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Photo of Lauriann Sandrik, Psychologist, PsyD
Lauriann Sandrik
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life’s transitions can be tough—but you don’t have to navigate them alone. Hi, I’m Lauriann, a licensed psychologist. My work focuses on helping women, children, and families find balance and well-being in today’s fast-paced world. I have extensive experience supporting those who feel overwhelmed, anxious, or simply stretched too thin. If you’re struggling to juggle work, family, and personal demands, I’m here to help you create a healthier, more sustainable balance in your life.
Life’s transitions can be tough—but you don’t have to navigate them alone. Hi, I’m Lauriann, a licensed psychologist. My work focuses on helping women, children, and families find balance and well-being in today’s fast-paced world. I have extensive experience supporting those who feel overwhelmed, anxious, or simply stretched too thin. If you’re struggling to juggle work, family, and personal demands, I’m here to help you create a healthier, more sustainable balance in your life.
(904) 674-8891 View (904) 674-8891
Photo of Tamieka Sutton, Counselor, LMHC
Tamieka Sutton
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
I lead with a warm, supportive approach rooted in trauma-informed care and crisis intervention. I’ve worked with children, older adults, and families, using both family systems and cognitive behavioral techniques to support healing and growth. I value genuine connection and strive to empower my clients while linking them to meaningful community resources and support networks. I have recently worked with older adults and their families to support life transitions and address interpersonal challenges that may arise from change.
I lead with a warm, supportive approach rooted in trauma-informed care and crisis intervention. I’ve worked with children, older adults, and families, using both family systems and cognitive behavioral techniques to support healing and growth. I value genuine connection and strive to empower my clients while linking them to meaningful community resources and support networks. I have recently worked with older adults and their families to support life transitions and address interpersonal challenges that may arise from change.
(813) 921-1453 View (813) 921-1453
Photo of Joseph Monteleone, Counselor, LMFT, LMHC, NCC
Joseph Monteleone
Counselor, LMFT, LMHC, NCC
Online Only
Hello my name is Joe Monteleone. I'm a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Licensed Mental Health Counselor. My job is to give you tools which will enable you to better manage your mental health issues. I am available for video telehealth sessions only. I offer day and evening appointments. My dream is to help you realize yours.
Hello my name is Joe Monteleone. I'm a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Licensed Mental Health Counselor. My job is to give you tools which will enable you to better manage your mental health issues. I am available for video telehealth sessions only. I offer day and evening appointments. My dream is to help you realize yours.
(813) 946-6418 View (813) 946-6418
Photo of Christiana McPherson - Remnant Therapy LCSW PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Remnant Therapy LCSW PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
How would your life be different if you were given the space to discuss what you've been through every week, learn the steps to change, and how you can heal? Our ideal client is committed to making changes within themselves and doing the homework between weekly video sessions to maximize progress. Our goal is to provide a safe space as we guide and support our clients through some of their most painful experiences; we are mirrors and not fixers. Many of our clients are navigating health issues, relationship struggles, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and burn out.
How would your life be different if you were given the space to discuss what you've been through every week, learn the steps to change, and how you can heal? Our ideal client is committed to making changes within themselves and doing the homework between weekly video sessions to maximize progress. Our goal is to provide a safe space as we guide and support our clients through some of their most painful experiences; we are mirrors and not fixers. Many of our clients are navigating health issues, relationship struggles, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and burn out.
(516) 871-4360 View (516) 871-4360

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Tavara Franklin, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCATP, CAMS
Tavara Franklin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCATP, CAMS
1 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702
Hello and thank you for considering me in joining you in your Healing! I believe Honesty, Openness and Transparency is the anchor for Hope. At Healing Grounds Therapy & Wellness Center LLC, I provide a nonjudgmental therapeutic safe space in order for you to discover your truth and live a life of authenticity unapologetically. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional. I use a combination of approaches incorporating elements of cognitive behavioral, reality, solution focused, acceptance and commitment therapy approaches. I offer individual, couples, family and group therapy
Hello and thank you for considering me in joining you in your Healing! I believe Honesty, Openness and Transparency is the anchor for Hope. At Healing Grounds Therapy & Wellness Center LLC, I provide a nonjudgmental therapeutic safe space in order for you to discover your truth and live a life of authenticity unapologetically. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional. I use a combination of approaches incorporating elements of cognitive behavioral, reality, solution focused, acceptance and commitment therapy approaches. I offer individual, couples, family and group therapy
(678) 771-6896 View (678) 771-6896
Photo of Ebony Sutton, Psychologist, Ed S, LSP
Ebony Sutton
Psychologist, Ed S, LSP
3 Endorsed
Lakeland, FL 33803
Parents of children with learning, developmental, or behavioral challenges often feel overwhelmed navigating school systems, scholarships, and supports. They want clarity, answers, and a trusted partner to guide them. My clients seek timely evaluations, practical recommendations, and coaching strategies that reduce stress at home and school. Their goal: to help their child thrive academically, emotionally, and socially with the right tools, advocacy, and supports in place.
Parents of children with learning, developmental, or behavioral challenges often feel overwhelmed navigating school systems, scholarships, and supports. They want clarity, answers, and a trusted partner to guide them. My clients seek timely evaluations, practical recommendations, and coaching strategies that reduce stress at home and school. Their goal: to help their child thrive academically, emotionally, and socially with the right tools, advocacy, and supports in place.
(813) 640-4871 View (813) 640-4871
Photo of Miguel Alvarez, Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW
Miguel Alvarez
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW
3 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33607
Accepting New Clients! Taking the first step toward healing is a brave move, and I'm glad you're here. My name is Miguel, and I'm committed to creating a safe and supportive space for your journey. I have experience helping a diverse range of people navigate challenges like military life, trauma, caregiver stress, LGBTQIA+ issues, and the impact of religious trauma. My goal is to work with you to understand your unique story, address what's holding you back, and empower you to build a life that feels authentic and fulfilling.
Accepting New Clients! Taking the first step toward healing is a brave move, and I'm glad you're here. My name is Miguel, and I'm committed to creating a safe and supportive space for your journey. I have experience helping a diverse range of people navigate challenges like military life, trauma, caregiver stress, LGBTQIA+ issues, and the impact of religious trauma. My goal is to work with you to understand your unique story, address what's holding you back, and empower you to build a life that feels authentic and fulfilling.
(813) 548-3640 View (813) 548-3640
Photo of Natalie Noel, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Natalie Noel
Counselor, MA, LMHC
4 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33609
I specialize in the treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders (phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder). I provide services in FL and NY. My extensive training includes working in the intensive outpatient program and partial hospitalization program at Rogers Memorial Hospital in Wisconsin and Rogers Behavioral Health in Tampa respectively. I was also the founding president of OCD Central and South Florida, an affiliate of the International OCD Foundation. I am currently only in-network with UMR Top Tier for Mount Sinai employees and their dependents. Clients in NY are seen virtually only,
I specialize in the treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders (phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder). I provide services in FL and NY. My extensive training includes working in the intensive outpatient program and partial hospitalization program at Rogers Memorial Hospital in Wisconsin and Rogers Behavioral Health in Tampa respectively. I was also the founding president of OCD Central and South Florida, an affiliate of the International OCD Foundation. I am currently only in-network with UMR Top Tier for Mount Sinai employees and their dependents. Clients in NY are seen virtually only,
(813) 812-4940 View (813) 812-4940
Photo of Ryann Kuchle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ryann Kuchle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
As an experienced Clinical Social Worker, I offer support in many areas of life but specialize in grief, perinatal loss, and postpartum support. I tailor my approach to meet your needs and am experienced in CBT and DBT. I am committed to supporting adults on their healing journey. I encourage clients to utilize their inner resources to build resilience, overcome current and past challenges and gain a greater sense of well-being.
As an experienced Clinical Social Worker, I offer support in many areas of life but specialize in grief, perinatal loss, and postpartum support. I tailor my approach to meet your needs and am experienced in CBT and DBT. I am committed to supporting adults on their healing journey. I encourage clients to utilize their inner resources to build resilience, overcome current and past challenges and gain a greater sense of well-being.
(727) 594-6056 View (727) 594-6056
Photo of Gabrielle Grismer, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, RMHI
Gabrielle Grismer
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, RMHI
Tampa, FL 33607
I believe that healing is a journey, and I am honored to walk alongside you in that process. Therapy with me is a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions at your own pace. My first goal for anyone is to create a supportive and trusting environment where you feel heard, understood, and empowered.
I believe that healing is a journey, and I am honored to walk alongside you in that process. Therapy with me is a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions at your own pace. My first goal for anyone is to create a supportive and trusting environment where you feel heard, understood, and empowered.
(813) 455-0986 View (813) 455-0986
Photo of Ana Vanderhurst, PhD
Ana Vanderhurst
Verified Verified
Wesley Chapel, FL 33544
"Are you ready to impact your life forever? Contact us today! Take charge of your life! 'Personal growth is hot. Diagnosis is not' (USA TODAY). Do you want to experience a more fulfilling life? Do you feel trapped, stuck or helpless? Do you need the courage to change? Always remember: you are one choice away from changing your life! If you feel that you can't manage it on your own anymore or you want to clearly make the best choice and have confidence in your decisions, then I am here to help! Get Coached Free: Same Day Appointments."
"Are you ready to impact your life forever? Contact us today! Take charge of your life! 'Personal growth is hot. Diagnosis is not' (USA TODAY). Do you want to experience a more fulfilling life? Do you feel trapped, stuck or helpless? Do you need the courage to change? Always remember: you are one choice away from changing your life! If you feel that you can't manage it on your own anymore or you want to clearly make the best choice and have confidence in your decisions, then I am here to help! Get Coached Free: Same Day Appointments."
(813) 534-6751 View (813) 534-6751
Photo of Devon C King, Psychologist, PhD
Devon C King
Psychologist, PhD
7 Endorsed
Saint Petersburg, FL 33702
I have tremendous respect for people who make the difficult decision to enter in to psychotherapy. I work collaboratively with older children, adolescents, and adults, in individual, couples, and family therapy. My goal is to explore collaboratively the troubles that have led them to seek treatment at this time. I try to provide a safe, non-judgemental environment, where one can develop insight to better understand and ultimately change behavioral and relational patterns that get in the way of happiness and fulfillment. I have extensive experience working with depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as relationship difficulties and life transitions.
I have tremendous respect for people who make the difficult decision to enter in to psychotherapy. I work collaboratively with older children, adolescents, and adults, in individual, couples, and family therapy. My goal is to explore collaboratively the troubles that have led them to seek treatment at this time. I try to provide a safe, non-judgemental environment, where one can develop insight to better understand and ultimately change behavioral and relational patterns that get in the way of happiness and fulfillment. I have extensive experience working with depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as relationship difficulties and life transitions.
(240) 262-4455 View (240) 262-4455
Photo of Lily Wu Baker, Pre-Licensed Professional, RMHCI
Lily Wu Baker
Pre-Licensed Professional, RMHCI
Tampa, FL 33605
Lily has worked with clients who have experienced trauma, PTSD, grief, sexual abuse, unwanted sexual behavior, spiritual abuse, cross-cultural adjustment, anxiety and depression, communication issues, life transitions, and career counseling. With eight years of working with international students, Lily has a deep understanding of cultural differences and speaks conversational Mandarin Chinese. Lily also has personal experience with life transitions, depression, and issues surrounding racial identity as a Taiwanese American.
Lily has worked with clients who have experienced trauma, PTSD, grief, sexual abuse, unwanted sexual behavior, spiritual abuse, cross-cultural adjustment, anxiety and depression, communication issues, life transitions, and career counseling. With eight years of working with international students, Lily has a deep understanding of cultural differences and speaks conversational Mandarin Chinese. Lily also has personal experience with life transitions, depression, and issues surrounding racial identity as a Taiwanese American.
(813) 723-4032 View (813) 723-4032

See more therapy options for Thonotosassa

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Thonotosassa, FL

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Thonotosassa, FL who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Social Anxiety
100% Health Anxiety
100% Driving Anxiety
91% Depression
73% Self Esteem
64% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
89% Cigna and Evernorth
89% Oxford

How Therapists in Thonotosassa, FL see their clients

91% Online Only
9% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Thonotosassa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.