Therapists in Tampa, FL
Jennifer A Spinner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33647 (Online Only)
With me, you will learn to cherish yourself and/or your partner as never before. Within my safe, compassionate setting your relationships can move from flailing to flourishing in minimal time. I offer a science based method in a caring, warm environment. I use RLT (Relational Life Therapy), which is the most effective therapy for individuals and couples. Other therapists teach skills. I will teach you how to be in the mindset to use these skills Effectively. You will embrace yourself, your partner and other people in your life, more than you ever thought possible. I study with the NYT Bestselling author Terrence Real.
With me, you will learn to cherish yourself and/or your partner as never before. Within my safe, compassionate setting your relationships can move from flailing to flourishing in minimal time. I offer a science based method in a caring, warm environment. I use RLT (Relational Life Therapy), which is the most effective therapy for individuals and couples. Other therapists teach skills. I will teach you how to be in the mindset to use these skills Effectively. You will embrace yourself, your partner and other people in your life, more than you ever thought possible. I study with the NYT Bestselling author Terrence Real.
Emdr Trained Kayla Heath
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA, RMHCI
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33603
As a therapist my first goal is to build a relationship with my clients with a felt sense of safety and rolling consent to help explore areas that may have become unclear, clouded, painful, and difficult. This is the first step towards clarity and relief. Deep relief and release can happen when we feel safe enough in our bodies to acknowledge the truth of our stories. I believe that truth comes not only from our minds and our stories, but from our bodies. From dropping down into them, the sensations they hold and feel, and what they are telling us.
As a therapist my first goal is to build a relationship with my clients with a felt sense of safety and rolling consent to help explore areas that may have become unclear, clouded, painful, and difficult. This is the first step towards clarity and relief. Deep relief and release can happen when we feel safe enough in our bodies to acknowledge the truth of our stories. I believe that truth comes not only from our minds and our stories, but from our bodies. From dropping down into them, the sensations they hold and feel, and what they are telling us.
Dr. Andrew Philip
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33629 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I'm a good fit if seek an easy conversation style free of judgement, that is change-oriented, meaningful and clear. I am NOT a fit if you are struggling with severe mental illness or require legal documentation. I have dedicated my career to improving the human condition. I help people learn to cope and thrive in the presence of experiences like stress, chronic medical conditions like pain and insomnia, sadness, and feelings of hopelessness and searching for meaning. I have worked with people from just about every walk of life- women, men, trans and non-binary folx, grandparents, doctors, students, veterans, executives and more.
I'm a good fit if seek an easy conversation style free of judgement, that is change-oriented, meaningful and clear. I am NOT a fit if you are struggling with severe mental illness or require legal documentation. I have dedicated my career to improving the human condition. I help people learn to cope and thrive in the presence of experiences like stress, chronic medical conditions like pain and insomnia, sadness, and feelings of hopelessness and searching for meaning. I have worked with people from just about every walk of life- women, men, trans and non-binary folx, grandparents, doctors, students, veterans, executives and more.
My name is Annette Howard, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Florida and working remotely with clients in Florida and North Carolina via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in stress, anxiety, and grief/loss, using techniques of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy to help my clients confront those negative thoughts and start feeling better. I have found that my approach and skills are a good fit for adults who may be dealing with challenges of life transitions. This often shows up in the form of anxiety, depression, stress, and relationship conflicts.
My name is Annette Howard, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Florida and working remotely with clients in Florida and North Carolina via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in stress, anxiety, and grief/loss, using techniques of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy to help my clients confront those negative thoughts and start feeling better. I have found that my approach and skills are a good fit for adults who may be dealing with challenges of life transitions. This often shows up in the form of anxiety, depression, stress, and relationship conflicts.
I have helped many clients struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and much more. Using my years of experience with so many different clients from many different backgrounds, I have developed an intuition for meeting you where you're at and quickly creating a unique therapy plan with the most efficient and effective therapeutic modality for you, your circumstances, and your goals for counseling. I always provide a safe and non-judgmental space for you to talk about your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors so we can dive deep together and evoke the changes necessary to make you feel your best!
I have helped many clients struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and much more. Using my years of experience with so many different clients from many different backgrounds, I have developed an intuition for meeting you where you're at and quickly creating a unique therapy plan with the most efficient and effective therapeutic modality for you, your circumstances, and your goals for counseling. I always provide a safe and non-judgmental space for you to talk about your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors so we can dive deep together and evoke the changes necessary to make you feel your best!
Chad Exceen has been a practicing mental health counselor since 2010 and actively involved in working in behavioral health since 2006. He was a graduate of Buena Vista University, Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 2005. He completed his Master's of Science Degree in Mental Health Counseling in 2008 from Bellevue University, Bellevue, Nebraska. Chad uses a blended and integrative approach to counseling, believing in focusing on multiple tools in therapy versus a focus on one particular school in therapy.
Chad Exceen has been a practicing mental health counselor since 2010 and actively involved in working in behavioral health since 2006. He was a graduate of Buena Vista University, Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 2005. He completed his Master's of Science Degree in Mental Health Counseling in 2008 from Bellevue University, Bellevue, Nebraska. Chad uses a blended and integrative approach to counseling, believing in focusing on multiple tools in therapy versus a focus on one particular school in therapy.
Enjoying a life filled with peace, satisfaction and fulfillment is a right not merely a privilege. If you find yourself unsatisfied in your personal life, family life, job, relationships, etc..you owe it to yourself to seek out someone who will walk beside you, helping you discover different or healthier perspectives and provide you with tools to grow into what you want life to be. Even the strongest person can benefit from a guiding velvet hand periodically. Whether you are struggling with a specific difficulty or need guidance improving your general life situation, I would be honored to help you on your wellness journey.
Enjoying a life filled with peace, satisfaction and fulfillment is a right not merely a privilege. If you find yourself unsatisfied in your personal life, family life, job, relationships, etc..you owe it to yourself to seek out someone who will walk beside you, helping you discover different or healthier perspectives and provide you with tools to grow into what you want life to be. Even the strongest person can benefit from a guiding velvet hand periodically. Whether you are struggling with a specific difficulty or need guidance improving your general life situation, I would be honored to help you on your wellness journey.
Camp Counseling
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33607 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I’m Dr. Shannon Camp! Whether you are married, dating, single, poly, or whatever your situation is, I‘ll help you to live fully and passionately with the partner(s) of your choosing. Often people find themselves lacking intimacy, romance, and connection with their loved ones. I try and assist people in regaining what they once had, while fostering growth within both the relationship and the individual. My office is free of judgment, shame, and antiquated notions about sex and love. I welcome anyone, regardless of sexual orientation, ethnicity, race, or religion, and I am currently accepting new patients on a limited basis!
Hello, I’m Dr. Shannon Camp! Whether you are married, dating, single, poly, or whatever your situation is, I‘ll help you to live fully and passionately with the partner(s) of your choosing. Often people find themselves lacking intimacy, romance, and connection with their loved ones. I try and assist people in regaining what they once had, while fostering growth within both the relationship and the individual. My office is free of judgment, shame, and antiquated notions about sex and love. I welcome anyone, regardless of sexual orientation, ethnicity, race, or religion, and I am currently accepting new patients on a limited basis!
Rebecca Corbicz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, PMH-C, QS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33606
Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years experience. Currently accepting Social Work Interns for Qualified Supervision and new clients seeking a warm, client-focused therapist with extensive experience in trauma, women's health, and medical background. I am Certified in Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMH-C) as well as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years experience. Currently accepting Social Work Interns for Qualified Supervision and new clients seeking a warm, client-focused therapist with extensive experience in trauma, women's health, and medical background. I am Certified in Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMH-C) as well as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional.
Sex Therapy, Couples & Marriage Counseling, Couples Intimacy & Arousal Issues, Erectile Dysfunction (ED)/Sexual Issues, EMDR/Trauma Specialist, Hypnotherapy are my major areas of focus! I am offering Tele-Health and in-person office sessions for both Individuals and Couples. I am deeply passionate about helping clients work through trauma, find peace and lead happy and fulfilling lives. I work with couples to help them deepen their emotional connection, develop open communication and improve their sexual intimacy. For more information about my services, fees and online schedule visit my website at www.anewtomorrow.net
Sex Therapy, Couples & Marriage Counseling, Couples Intimacy & Arousal Issues, Erectile Dysfunction (ED)/Sexual Issues, EMDR/Trauma Specialist, Hypnotherapy are my major areas of focus! I am offering Tele-Health and in-person office sessions for both Individuals and Couples. I am deeply passionate about helping clients work through trauma, find peace and lead happy and fulfilling lives. I work with couples to help them deepen their emotional connection, develop open communication and improve their sexual intimacy. For more information about my services, fees and online schedule visit my website at www.anewtomorrow.net
Justine J Jenkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33629
One of the most common challenges we face is reaching out for help. Too often, we suppress or deny our emotions and trauma experiences, believing that we have to process them alone. This suppression can cause adverse symptoms such as anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts, and relational or self-destruction. It is my belief that we do not have to continue suffering alone and therapy is a great step towards healing the damage we think can never be undone. Therapy helps create an atmosphere where understanding, change and growth are possible while giving back the power to make our own meaning and purpose in life.
One of the most common challenges we face is reaching out for help. Too often, we suppress or deny our emotions and trauma experiences, believing that we have to process them alone. This suppression can cause adverse symptoms such as anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts, and relational or self-destruction. It is my belief that we do not have to continue suffering alone and therapy is a great step towards healing the damage we think can never be undone. Therapy helps create an atmosphere where understanding, change and growth are possible while giving back the power to make our own meaning and purpose in life.
15 Second Videos
Jennifer A Spinner
Emdr Trained Kayla Heath
Ashley Franchino @ Avanti
Dominique Blanchette
Demetrius D Williams
Annielle Timmons
Leah Roberts
Monica Freissle-Lewis
Cassandra Howard
Aniesa Hanson
Counseling The Soul, LLC
Romel Santiago
Brittany Hundley
Rani Sinno
Don Ford
Jason A Tompkins
Lauren Curtis
Stephanie Moulton Sarkis
Trinidy T Thomas
Kimberly L. Jefferson
Griffin Harrow
Andrea C Taylor
Steven C. Walker
Dani E Eaton
Sierra Larson
Noel Tola
Samantha Singh
Daniel Partridge
Alison Myers
Bethany Brunn
Grace Emotional Wellness
Leah Benson
Cameron Burris
Dr. Edward J. Whyte
Tatiana Edouard - Somatic Therapist
True North Counseling Services
Lezanee Martinez
Stephanie Lugo
Kendall McLaren
Amanda Farris
Carolyn Tope
Andrea N Eschrich
Emdr Childhood Reprocessing Megan Santiago
Corey O'Connell
Lynne A. Santiago
www.soulpathcounseling.com
Valerie Harris
Georgia Berny
Elizabeth Mahaney, South Tampa Therapy & Mediation
Spencer M Lee
Welcome, and thank you for visiting! My name is Jennifer Long, and I provide therapy at Child and Family Learning under the supervision of Dr. Diane Koch, a licensed clinical psychologist. I am currently earning my doctoral degree at the Florida School of Professional Psychology at National Louis University. In therapy, I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you feel empowered to process trauma, build resilience, and foster meaningful change. Whether we’re working through life transitions, family challenges, or personal struggles, I am here to help you heal, grow, and thrive.
Welcome, and thank you for visiting! My name is Jennifer Long, and I provide therapy at Child and Family Learning under the supervision of Dr. Diane Koch, a licensed clinical psychologist. I am currently earning my doctoral degree at the Florida School of Professional Psychology at National Louis University. In therapy, I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you feel empowered to process trauma, build resilience, and foster meaningful change. Whether we’re working through life transitions, family challenges, or personal struggles, I am here to help you heal, grow, and thrive.
Bernadette Alers-Estelle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Tampa, FL 33609
I have been working in the mental health field for over 20 years. My experience is with individuals in a variety of settings. I have experience with a wide range of clinical issues such as, trauma, PTSD, complex PTSD, depression, anxiety, and neurodivergence. Additionally, I’ve worked with family of origin issues, relationship issues and LGBTQIA related issues. My current focus is with young adults who are struggling to navigate through life; BIPOC in particular.
I have been working in the mental health field for over 20 years. My experience is with individuals in a variety of settings. I have experience with a wide range of clinical issues such as, trauma, PTSD, complex PTSD, depression, anxiety, and neurodivergence. Additionally, I’ve worked with family of origin issues, relationship issues and LGBTQIA related issues. My current focus is with young adults who are struggling to navigate through life; BIPOC in particular.
I work with adolescents and adults finding their way through life changes by helping them to discover and communicate their needs to others more assertively and respond to life stressors in healthier ways. When we feel stressed, we often vision and dream of what a better life could be for ourselves. As circumstances change, so do our paths of life. We will explore the areas in your life that have silenced your voice, stopped your personal and/or career growth or caused you to lose motivation. In my work, I will challenge you to put your dreams into action while supporting your pace with patience and consistency.
I work with adolescents and adults finding their way through life changes by helping them to discover and communicate their needs to others more assertively and respond to life stressors in healthier ways. When we feel stressed, we often vision and dream of what a better life could be for ourselves. As circumstances change, so do our paths of life. We will explore the areas in your life that have silenced your voice, stopped your personal and/or career growth or caused you to lose motivation. In my work, I will challenge you to put your dreams into action while supporting your pace with patience and consistency.
Imagine a day when you wake up happy, stress-free, brain uncluttered. Your day continues on to be time managed, productive, linear and purposeful. Your thoughts are clear and only those you want to entertain or challenge are the ones you hear. You’re able to carry on reciprocal conversations and you feel comfortable communicating. If what you’re reading sounds like goals you have, my sessions will help guide and teach you how to work toward accomplishing your goals through the implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Imagine a day when you wake up happy, stress-free, brain uncluttered. Your day continues on to be time managed, productive, linear and purposeful. Your thoughts are clear and only those you want to entertain or challenge are the ones you hear. You’re able to carry on reciprocal conversations and you feel comfortable communicating. If what you’re reading sounds like goals you have, my sessions will help guide and teach you how to work toward accomplishing your goals through the implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Morgan Bryan, Licensed Mental Health Counselor,
LMHC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33602
To My Clients Hi. I am Morgan! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. More specifically I am someone that enjoys sparking change in people’s lives. Are you currently feeling stuck in life? Do you encounter environmental stressors, trauma responses, and destructive coping mechanisms? Together, we will work on strategies that will allow you to address the root causes of your difficulties. One of my biggest goals as a therapist is to validate you and to foster a safe place where you can feel comfortable to process your feelings.
To My Clients Hi. I am Morgan! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. More specifically I am someone that enjoys sparking change in people’s lives. Are you currently feeling stuck in life? Do you encounter environmental stressors, trauma responses, and destructive coping mechanisms? Together, we will work on strategies that will allow you to address the root causes of your difficulties. One of my biggest goals as a therapist is to validate you and to foster a safe place where you can feel comfortable to process your feelings.
Vanessa McDonnell
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Tampa, FL 33611 (Online Only)
As I grow in my career, I believe communication, validation, and empowerment are the main components of your healing journey. We each have faced challenges in our life. I believe as a therapist, I am here to hear my clients and provide guidance on their journey. I will strive to help teach the tools clients will need in order to grow and move forward.
As I grow in my career, I believe communication, validation, and empowerment are the main components of your healing journey. We each have faced challenges in our life. I believe as a therapist, I am here to hear my clients and provide guidance on their journey. I will strive to help teach the tools clients will need in order to grow and move forward.
Life isn’t always easy. Sometimes, even the strongest people amongst us need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. At our practice, our therapists have 50+ years of combined experience. We are experts in what we do and seek to serve our patients with the highest quality of care and the most advanced therapeutic techniques. We use a variety of approaches to treat a wide range of disorders and issues. We specialize in using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness Based Interventions, Behavioral Activation, and have a Patient-Centered approach.
Life isn’t always easy. Sometimes, even the strongest people amongst us need a little bit of help to work through some of life’s more challenging problems. At our practice, our therapists have 50+ years of combined experience. We are experts in what we do and seek to serve our patients with the highest quality of care and the most advanced therapeutic techniques. We use a variety of approaches to treat a wide range of disorders and issues. We specialize in using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness Based Interventions, Behavioral Activation, and have a Patient-Centered approach.
Treating eating disorders is my passion. After recovering from my own eating disorder, I decided I would dedicate my life to helping others recover too. I am a skilled clinician who has been extensively trained in the treatment of eating disorders and co-occuring disorders. I am a board member of the Tampa Bay chapter of International Association of Eating Disorder Professionals and I co-facilitate support groups for the Alliance for Eating Disorder Awareness. I have worked at all levels of care, inpatient, residential, intensive outpatient and out-patient and understand the seriousness and severity of eating disorders.
Treating eating disorders is my passion. After recovering from my own eating disorder, I decided I would dedicate my life to helping others recover too. I am a skilled clinician who has been extensively trained in the treatment of eating disorders and co-occuring disorders. I am a board member of the Tampa Bay chapter of International Association of Eating Disorder Professionals and I co-facilitate support groups for the Alliance for Eating Disorder Awareness. I have worked at all levels of care, inpatient, residential, intensive outpatient and out-patient and understand the seriousness and severity of eating disorders.
Hi! My name is Dr. Miller. I can appreciate how challenging it can be to feel engaged in life and work towards meaningful goals when faced with ongoing daily stressors. In therapy, I find joy in helping clients gain valuable insights and learn effective strategies to enhance their well-being. I assist clients in discovering and pursuing a life that aligns with their chosen values. Many clients who find positive outcomes in our work together seek support for a range of concerns, including anxiety and stress management, men's issues, procrastination, self-doubt, relationships, assertiveness, indecisiveness, and more.
Hi! My name is Dr. Miller. I can appreciate how challenging it can be to feel engaged in life and work towards meaningful goals when faced with ongoing daily stressors. In therapy, I find joy in helping clients gain valuable insights and learn effective strategies to enhance their well-being. I assist clients in discovering and pursuing a life that aligns with their chosen values. Many clients who find positive outcomes in our work together seek support for a range of concerns, including anxiety and stress management, men's issues, procrastination, self-doubt, relationships, assertiveness, indecisiveness, and more.
See more therapy options for Tampa
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Tampa, FL
2,000+
Average cost per session
$130
Therapists in Tampa, FL who prioritize treating:
94% | Anxiety |
87% | Depression |
75% | Self Esteem |
74% | Coping Skills |
69% | Relationship Issues |
69% | Stress |
68% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
10 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
88% | Aetna |
78% | Cigna and Evernorth |
72% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Tampa, FL see their clients
51% | In Person and Online | |
49% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
83% | Female | |
16% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Tampa?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.