Therapists in Palm Bay, FL

Photo of Laurie Carter, Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC, CAADC
Laurie Carter
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC, CAADC
Online Only
Hello! I am currently accepting new clients for telehealth sessions. I currently work with adults, adolescents, preteens, and partners who want to embark on a journey of self-exploration, improve mood and behavior regulation, recover from substance misuse, increase self-worth and coping skills, and heal from trauma. I currently use the following therapeutic modalities: cognitive behavioral therapy, DBT - informed individual therapy and skills development, motivational interviewing, substance use disorder treatment, supportive and solution-focused therapy, mindfulness, bibliotherapy, and narrative therapy.
Hello! I am currently accepting new clients for telehealth sessions. I currently work with adults, adolescents, preteens, and partners who want to embark on a journey of self-exploration, improve mood and behavior regulation, recover from substance misuse, increase self-worth and coping skills, and heal from trauma. I currently use the following therapeutic modalities: cognitive behavioral therapy, DBT - informed individual therapy and skills development, motivational interviewing, substance use disorder treatment, supportive and solution-focused therapy, mindfulness, bibliotherapy, and narrative therapy.
(321) 221-5820 View (321) 221-5820
Photo of Katherine Fernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Katherine Fernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi, I’m Katt! A licensed therapist and confidence specialist, and someone who deeply believes you are far more capable than you give yourself credit for. I help women who look like they’re holding it together on the outside but inside might feel stuck, overwhelmed, or questioning if they’re really “enough.” Many of my clients struggle with perfectionism, people-pleasing, anxiety, relationship patterns, or the pressure to have life figured out. They’re capable, insightful, and motivated — but self-doubt keeps getting in the way.
Hi, I’m Katt! A licensed therapist and confidence specialist, and someone who deeply believes you are far more capable than you give yourself credit for. I help women who look like they’re holding it together on the outside but inside might feel stuck, overwhelmed, or questioning if they’re really “enough.” Many of my clients struggle with perfectionism, people-pleasing, anxiety, relationship patterns, or the pressure to have life figured out. They’re capable, insightful, and motivated — but self-doubt keeps getting in the way.
(772) 280-2126 View (772) 280-2126
Photo of Sharon Salichs, Counselor, LMHC
Sharon Salichs
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
My name is Sharon Salichs and I'm a spanish speaking Licensed Mental Health Counselor based and licensed in Florida. With 8 years of experience as a therapist, I've had the privilege of working with individuals from diverse backgrounds, each facing unique challenges. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, my focus is on helping individuals and families navigate through challenges that impact their emotional and mental well-being.
My name is Sharon Salichs and I'm a spanish speaking Licensed Mental Health Counselor based and licensed in Florida. With 8 years of experience as a therapist, I've had the privilege of working with individuals from diverse backgrounds, each facing unique challenges. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, my focus is on helping individuals and families navigate through challenges that impact their emotional and mental well-being.
(321) 415-4776 View (321) 415-4776
Photo of Giselle Dejean, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Giselle Dejean
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Giselle Renee Dejean, LCSW. As a seasoned therapist with more than ten years of experience, my practice's aim is to empower clients to take control of their treatment while I offer an outsider's perspective on their roadblocks. My areas of focus include trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, anxiety, depression, addiction, gender identity issues, PTSD, and Personality disorder/Mood Disorders. I primarily practice a client-centered approach while maintaining a level of openness that provides my client with a safe space.
Giselle Renee Dejean, LCSW. As a seasoned therapist with more than ten years of experience, my practice's aim is to empower clients to take control of their treatment while I offer an outsider's perspective on their roadblocks. My areas of focus include trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, anxiety, depression, addiction, gender identity issues, PTSD, and Personality disorder/Mood Disorders. I primarily practice a client-centered approach while maintaining a level of openness that provides my client with a safe space.
(954) 671-6915 View (954) 671-6915
Photo of Tracy Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMHC
Tracy Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile. My approach to counseling is to provide the assistance needed to make you proficient in governing your life and identifying your strengths. Are you ready to begin your journey to mental clarity and wellness? Would you like to experience peace within yourself and your relationships? Are you ready to feel empowered and focus on creating your best self? Let's talk about it. There are no situations or dilemmas too minuscule or immeasurable that cannot be discussed.
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile. My approach to counseling is to provide the assistance needed to make you proficient in governing your life and identifying your strengths. Are you ready to begin your journey to mental clarity and wellness? Would you like to experience peace within yourself and your relationships? Are you ready to feel empowered and focus on creating your best self? Let's talk about it. There are no situations or dilemmas too minuscule or immeasurable that cannot be discussed.
(772) 222-6824 View (772) 222-6824
Photo of Christine Shephard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christine Shephard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a licensed clinical social worker, practicing social work and case management since 1996. I have worked in various settings, including outpatient clinics, residential, jail, nursing homes, and case management in client homes. I currently run intensive outpatient groups as well as individual counseling with individuals of all ages. I believe that movement and change are essential to growth, and I practice this personally and encourage it professionally. I have a passion for walking alongside my clients and provide tools to help them navigate through life challenges and come out the other side a stronger and more balanced person.
I am a licensed clinical social worker, practicing social work and case management since 1996. I have worked in various settings, including outpatient clinics, residential, jail, nursing homes, and case management in client homes. I currently run intensive outpatient groups as well as individual counseling with individuals of all ages. I believe that movement and change are essential to growth, and I practice this personally and encourage it professionally. I have a passion for walking alongside my clients and provide tools to help them navigate through life challenges and come out the other side a stronger and more balanced person.
(321) 396-0056 View (321) 396-0056
Photo of Edgar N. Arbaje, Psychologist, PsyD
Edgar N. Arbaje
Psychologist, PsyD
Palm Bay, FL 32905
My interest in evaluations, especially psychoeducational evaluations, stemmed from the time I was a grad student. I evaluated a child with suspected learning disabilities and provided feedback to his parents. To my surprise, the parents brought their son back to the clinic for a re-evaluation by the time I was an intern. The difference in how he presented between the first and second intakes was night and day. As evaluators, we almost never receive feedback on how our evaluations positively impacted our clients’ lives. In the rare event we do hear back from them, it fills us with great satisfaction. This is what motivates me.
My interest in evaluations, especially psychoeducational evaluations, stemmed from the time I was a grad student. I evaluated a child with suspected learning disabilities and provided feedback to his parents. To my surprise, the parents brought their son back to the clinic for a re-evaluation by the time I was an intern. The difference in how he presented between the first and second intakes was night and day. As evaluators, we almost never receive feedback on how our evaluations positively impacted our clients’ lives. In the rare event we do hear back from them, it fills us with great satisfaction. This is what motivates me.
(305) 614-9512 View (305) 614-9512
Photo of Charlene W Morris - Abundant Life Centers, LLC, Counselor, LMHC, MCAP, QS
Abundant Life Centers, LLC
Counselor, LMHC, MCAP, QS
Palm Bay, FL 32905
Waitlist for new clients
Change is necessary for growth in any area of life and making a decision to seek help is brave and a big step towards achieving that change. Whether you are experiencing life transitions, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma or women challenges, together we can begin a healing journey to get past, get over and grow through life's encounters
Change is necessary for growth in any area of life and making a decision to seek help is brave and a big step towards achieving that change. Whether you are experiencing life transitions, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma or women challenges, together we can begin a healing journey to get past, get over and grow through life's encounters
(321) 475-1994 View (321) 475-1994
Photo of Kimberly (Leslie) Fischer, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Kimberly (Leslie) Fischer
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Palm Bay, FL 32907
I use clinical psychological training shaped by Biblical principles. It is my responsibility to stay abreast of the latest advances of psychology while simultaneously declaring my convictions about the irrefutable truths of sin and forgiveness. I offer a place where you are received with sensitivity and compassion while you are invited to engage in a genuine relationship. It is within the context of this confidential relationship that I will join with you as you take the opportunity to wrestle with the hard questions, explore their implications and discover there is hope.
I use clinical psychological training shaped by Biblical principles. It is my responsibility to stay abreast of the latest advances of psychology while simultaneously declaring my convictions about the irrefutable truths of sin and forgiveness. I offer a place where you are received with sensitivity and compassion while you are invited to engage in a genuine relationship. It is within the context of this confidential relationship that I will join with you as you take the opportunity to wrestle with the hard questions, explore their implications and discover there is hope.
(321) 510-6072 View (321) 510-6072
Photo of Donna M Paloy - Tabula Rasa Holistic Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tabula Rasa Holistic Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Palm Bay, FL 32905
Hello, I’m Donna Paloy, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Florida with over 25 years of experience helping individuals navigate trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, and life transitions. My approach blends evidence-based therapy with mindfulness, creative expression, and body-centered awareness to support healing of both mind and spirit.
Hello, I’m Donna Paloy, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Florida with over 25 years of experience helping individuals navigate trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, and life transitions. My approach blends evidence-based therapy with mindfulness, creative expression, and body-centered awareness to support healing of both mind and spirit.
(321) 329-1628 View (321) 329-1628
Photo of Erika Pena Gamez, Counselor, LPCC
Erika Pena Gamez
Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Hello, I'm Erika. I hold a master’s degree in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and a B.A. from Park University in Parkville, Missouri. My approach to therapy is integrative and person-centered, drawing on a range of theoretical interventions to guide and treat each client uniquely. My varied work experiences include serving the community as a Child Protective Investigator with the Department of Children and Families, a Juvenile Probation Officer with the Department of Juvenile Justice, a Discharge Planner/Mental Health Tech, and a Utilization Review Specialist within a Psychiatric Crisis Stabilization Unit.
Hello, I'm Erika. I hold a master’s degree in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and a B.A. from Park University in Parkville, Missouri. My approach to therapy is integrative and person-centered, drawing on a range of theoretical interventions to guide and treat each client uniquely. My varied work experiences include serving the community as a Child Protective Investigator with the Department of Children and Families, a Juvenile Probation Officer with the Department of Juvenile Justice, a Discharge Planner/Mental Health Tech, and a Utilization Review Specialist within a Psychiatric Crisis Stabilization Unit.
(321) 273-8630 View (321) 273-8630
Photo of Jacqueline Maple, Counselor, LMHC, LPC, QS, MCAP
Jacqueline Maple
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, QS, MCAP
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel different, misunderstood, judged, embarrassed and or ashamed? Do you know how to create and enforce healthy relationships/healthy boundaries? Do you engage in negative self talk and have self esteem issues? Are you struggling with relationships at home and or at work? Are you or is someone you care for abusing substances? Together we will explore the way you make sense of the world and how your thoughts impact your feelings and behaviors. With a deeper understanding of yourself we will work on forgiveness, acceptance and making positive changes.
Do you feel different, misunderstood, judged, embarrassed and or ashamed? Do you know how to create and enforce healthy relationships/healthy boundaries? Do you engage in negative self talk and have self esteem issues? Are you struggling with relationships at home and or at work? Are you or is someone you care for abusing substances? Together we will explore the way you make sense of the world and how your thoughts impact your feelings and behaviors. With a deeper understanding of yourself we will work on forgiveness, acceptance and making positive changes.
(321) 204-2832 View (321) 204-2832
Photo of Craig Silverman, Counselor, LCPC
Craig Silverman
Counselor, LCPC
Palm Bay, FL 32905
Are you just tired of trying to do life, right? Nothing seems to be working? I am a licensed Temperament Therapy Christian Counselor that will help you to get to the root of what is bothering you or find the missing puzzle piece that you have been looking for. I offer a good ear and years of advice on how to look at your problems from a new perspective. Let the healing begin today.
Are you just tired of trying to do life, right? Nothing seems to be working? I am a licensed Temperament Therapy Christian Counselor that will help you to get to the root of what is bothering you or find the missing puzzle piece that you have been looking for. I offer a good ear and years of advice on how to look at your problems from a new perspective. Let the healing begin today.
(321) 587-3701 View (321) 587-3701
Photo of Dr. Scott Harcourt, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Scott Harcourt
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Palm Bay, FL 32905
Hi! I hold a PhD in Clinical Psychology, and I work to help others understand and capitalize on their assets while seeking to improve their weaknesses. My typical client is a thoughtful, accomplished professional who has achieved much, yet feels held back by patterns that repeat despite good insight and determination. Perhaps ADHD, longstanding personality or characterological struggles, or unresolved emotional conflicts complicate their efforts. They may carry the weight of medical concerns and feel misunderstood by doctors, family, or colleagues. Resilient and adaptable, they seek to optimize career, relationships, and potential.
Hi! I hold a PhD in Clinical Psychology, and I work to help others understand and capitalize on their assets while seeking to improve their weaknesses. My typical client is a thoughtful, accomplished professional who has achieved much, yet feels held back by patterns that repeat despite good insight and determination. Perhaps ADHD, longstanding personality or characterological struggles, or unresolved emotional conflicts complicate their efforts. They may carry the weight of medical concerns and feel misunderstood by doctors, family, or colleagues. Resilient and adaptable, they seek to optimize career, relationships, and potential.
(321) 209-3344 View (321) 209-3344
Photo of Rahila Bashir - New Way Counseling Services, Inc., Counselor, LMHC, CAP, NBCC
New Way Counseling Services, Inc.
Counselor, LMHC, CAP, NBCC
Palm Bay, FL 32905
We are positive thinking, forward moving team and we believe one should never give up hope. This is our philosophy and we practice what we preach. It is proven fact that once a person starts to think positive and push a little harder, things start to happen. So please never give up. If you are finding it hard to make things work and bring about a positive change in your life, we can give you some tools to turn things around.
We are positive thinking, forward moving team and we believe one should never give up hope. This is our philosophy and we practice what we preach. It is proven fact that once a person starts to think positive and push a little harder, things start to happen. So please never give up. If you are finding it hard to make things work and bring about a positive change in your life, we can give you some tools to turn things around.
(321) 418-3932 View (321) 418-3932
Photo of Sharon M. Jones - New Insight 2 Life Faith-based Coaching, Mentoring, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PhD, AMFT, MCPC
New Insight 2 Life Faith-based Coaching, Mentoring
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PhD, AMFT, MCPC
Online Only
I believe that Spiritual healing is as important as emotional & physical healing. I began working as a christian counselor over 5 years ago and I have witnessed authentic, holistic and complete healing from the inside out, within the lives of many. I am passionate about working with people, especially in the Faith-based community. I embrace the opportunity to support those in the faith-based community who desire integrating their faith and foundational beliefs into their restoration and healing process.
I believe that Spiritual healing is as important as emotional & physical healing. I began working as a christian counselor over 5 years ago and I have witnessed authentic, holistic and complete healing from the inside out, within the lives of many. I am passionate about working with people, especially in the Faith-based community. I embrace the opportunity to support those in the faith-based community who desire integrating their faith and foundational beliefs into their restoration and healing process.
(321) 490-1757 View (321) 490-1757
Photo of Dr. Sharmaine Wilder, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Dr. Sharmaine Wilder
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Online Only
Where do you turn when it feels like no one truly sees you, when the weight you carry is too heavy to name, and you’re not sure who you can trust with the most vulnerable parts of your story? When life has thrown its hardest punches and you’re left holding the broken pieces, unsure how to put them back together…You don’t have to face it alone.
Where do you turn when it feels like no one truly sees you, when the weight you carry is too heavy to name, and you’re not sure who you can trust with the most vulnerable parts of your story? When life has thrown its hardest punches and you’re left holding the broken pieces, unsure how to put them back together…You don’t have to face it alone.
(772) 272-0504 View (772) 272-0504
Photo of Malory Ann Benfield, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, RMFTI
Malory Ann Benfield
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, RMFTI
Palm Bay, FL 32905
Hi, I’m Malory, a Registered Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Florida. You may be here because you and your partner feel stuck in the same arguments or slowly growing apart. Or you may be feeling emotionally exhausted yourself — carrying the weight of work, family, and expectations while feeling disconnected from who you are. Many individuals and couples reach out when stress, anxiety, miscommunication, or life transitions begin to feel overwhelming.
Hi, I’m Malory, a Registered Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Florida. You may be here because you and your partner feel stuck in the same arguments or slowly growing apart. Or you may be feeling emotionally exhausted yourself — carrying the weight of work, family, and expectations while feeling disconnected from who you are. Many individuals and couples reach out when stress, anxiety, miscommunication, or life transitions begin to feel overwhelming.
(321) 343-4696 View (321) 343-4696
Photo of Scott Harcourt - Blue Cat Neuropsychology PLLC, Psychologist, PhD
Blue Cat Neuropsychology PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Palm Bay, FL 32905
At Blue Cat Neuropsychology & Intervention, we offer comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations and psychoeducational and developmental assessments for ages 2-½ to 102. People are referred to us by their pediatrician, PCP, neurologist, psychiatric provider, or therapist because they are having problems with school, thinking, memory, attention, or emotion. These are sometimes related to epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer post-treatment, brain injury or concussions, or early developmental issues (such as ADHD or autism spectrum disorder).
At Blue Cat Neuropsychology & Intervention, we offer comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations and psychoeducational and developmental assessments for ages 2-½ to 102. People are referred to us by their pediatrician, PCP, neurologist, psychiatric provider, or therapist because they are having problems with school, thinking, memory, attention, or emotion. These are sometimes related to epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer post-treatment, brain injury or concussions, or early developmental issues (such as ADHD or autism spectrum disorder).
(321) 209-3344 View (321) 209-3344
Photo of Lourdes M Reyes-Conde, Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Lourdes M Reyes-Conde
Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Online Only
I’m a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Oregon, specializing in anxiety, overthinking, and burnout. If your mind feels constantly “on,” you replay conversations, struggle to relax, or feel overwhelmed by stress—you’re not alone. I work with adults who appear high-functioning on the outside but internally feel anxious, stuck, or disconnected. I help clients navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship challenges, and self-esteem issues by building practical coping skills and deeper self-awareness. Together, we’ll work to reduce overthinking, improve emotional regulation, and h
I’m a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Oregon, specializing in anxiety, overthinking, and burnout. If your mind feels constantly “on,” you replay conversations, struggle to relax, or feel overwhelmed by stress—you’re not alone. I work with adults who appear high-functioning on the outside but internally feel anxious, stuck, or disconnected. I help clients navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship challenges, and self-esteem issues by building practical coping skills and deeper self-awareness. Together, we’ll work to reduce overthinking, improve emotional regulation, and h
(689) 302-3428 View (689) 302-3428

See more therapy options for Palm Bay

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Palm Bay, FL

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Palm Bay, FL who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
63% Grief
61% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
81% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Palm Bay, FL see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Palm Bay?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.