Cancer Therapists in Orange Park, FL

Photo of Lisa J Tudor - Lisa J Moore, LMHC, Counselor, LMHC
Lisa J Moore, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Orange Park, FL 32073
I love working with personal growth clients and those who may have a "glitch" area of life that other therapy hasn't resolved. I specialize in BIG-T /small-t trauma, anxiety, performance / artistic enhancement, life satisfaction / direction, and relationships with friends / spouses / family / work. This practice honors your journey, hopes and desires in life. Your goals are defined and addressed as are blocks and burdens using a wide range of therapeutic and coaching skills.
I love working with personal growth clients and those who may have a "glitch" area of life that other therapy hasn't resolved. I specialize in BIG-T /small-t trauma, anxiety, performance / artistic enhancement, life satisfaction / direction, and relationships with friends / spouses / family / work. This practice honors your journey, hopes and desires in life. Your goals are defined and addressed as are blocks and burdens using a wide range of therapeutic and coaching skills.
(904) 453-7947 View (904) 453-7947
Photo of Thuydy Nguyen, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CST
Thuydy Nguyen
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CST
Online Only
Are you feeling disconnected from your true self, your partner, or your relationships? Do you wonder, “How can I openly communicate about my needs, desires, and boundaries without shame?” Therapy is a place where you don’t have to figure it out alone. As a Ph.D., Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, and Certified Sex Therapist, I specialize in relationship counseling, sex therapy, addiction recovery, and trauma-informed care. I help individuals and couples navigate intimacy challenges, compulsive sexual behaviors, communication struggles, betrayal trauma, and identity concerns.
Are you feeling disconnected from your true self, your partner, or your relationships? Do you wonder, “How can I openly communicate about my needs, desires, and boundaries without shame?” Therapy is a place where you don’t have to figure it out alone. As a Ph.D., Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, and Certified Sex Therapist, I specialize in relationship counseling, sex therapy, addiction recovery, and trauma-informed care. I help individuals and couples navigate intimacy challenges, compulsive sexual behaviors, communication struggles, betrayal trauma, and identity concerns.
(904) 637-1152 View (904) 637-1152
Photo of Claudio Manuel Ventura, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Claudio Manuel Ventura
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about supporting youth, adults, and seniors as they navigate anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, and everyday stress. I believe therapy works best when it feels safe, collaborative, and genuine, and I strive to create a space where you feel truly heard and understood. Together, we will build practical coping skills, strengthen self-awareness, and work toward meaningful, lasting changes that support your overall well-being.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about supporting youth, adults, and seniors as they navigate anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, and everyday stress. I believe therapy works best when it feels safe, collaborative, and genuine, and I strive to create a space where you feel truly heard and understood. Together, we will build practical coping skills, strengthen self-awareness, and work toward meaningful, lasting changes that support your overall well-being.
Photo of Craig P Kurtz - Craig P Kurtz LMHC, PA, Counselor, LMHC, CAP, NCCH, QS, REBT
Craig P Kurtz LMHC, PA
Counselor, LMHC, CAP, NCCH, QS, REBT
Orange Park, FL 32073
You don't have to have it all figured out to reach out. Maybe therapy hasn't worked for you before. Maybe life has gotten complicated in ways you didn't expect. A relationship falling apart, struggling with substances, legal pressures, or simply feeling like you've lost yourself along the journey of life. Whatever brought you here, you're not alone, and there's help waiting for you. With over 30 years of experience as a licensed therapist and counselor, I specialize in many issues. I work with individuals/couples navigating addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, divorce, and sex/porn addiction, custody issues, & fahttpmily therapy.
You don't have to have it all figured out to reach out. Maybe therapy hasn't worked for you before. Maybe life has gotten complicated in ways you didn't expect. A relationship falling apart, struggling with substances, legal pressures, or simply feeling like you've lost yourself along the journey of life. Whatever brought you here, you're not alone, and there's help waiting for you. With over 30 years of experience as a licensed therapist and counselor, I specialize in many issues. I work with individuals/couples navigating addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, divorce, and sex/porn addiction, custody issues, & fahttpmily therapy.
(904) 906-5749 View (904) 906-5749
Photo of Jennifer Ann Dahl - Jennifer Ann Counseling of Florida, LLC, Counselor, CRC, LPC, LMHC
Jennifer Ann Counseling of Florida, LLC
Counselor, CRC, LPC, LMHC
16 Endorsed
Orange Park, FL 32073
Are you having issues dealing with chronic medical conditions, creating anxiety, depression, anger, or other emotions? Are the medical issues causing medical trauma when dealing with the system? This is very common these days, given the way insurance companies treat patients and providers, which is so frustrating. As a therapist who also has chronic medical conditions, I know what it is like to be told it is all in my head before I was even diagnosed, and the trauma of dealing with a severe condition makes you have mental health issues.
Are you having issues dealing with chronic medical conditions, creating anxiety, depression, anger, or other emotions? Are the medical issues causing medical trauma when dealing with the system? This is very common these days, given the way insurance companies treat patients and providers, which is so frustrating. As a therapist who also has chronic medical conditions, I know what it is like to be told it is all in my head before I was even diagnosed, and the trauma of dealing with a severe condition makes you have mental health issues.
(904) 674-9334 View (904) 674-9334
Photo of Dr. Stephanie Milne - Emery & Milne Psychological Group, LLC, Psychologist, PsyD, BCB, BCB-HRV, CPM
Emery & Milne Psychological Group, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, BCB, BCB-HRV, CPM
2 Endorsed
Orange Park, FL 32073
Welcome to the Emery & Milne Psychological Group, LLC! EMPG was started by husband and wife, Dr. Emery and Dr. Milne, with the purpose of providing quality mental health services to the surrounding community. At EMPG we treat our patients with respect and dignity, ensuring that each patient's personal needs and goals are met with care and compassion. Most of the time people manage their lives very well; navigating through all of its curves and ups and downs. Sometimes, they need some direction or focus to get back on the right path. Our providers take the time to get to know their patients.
Welcome to the Emery & Milne Psychological Group, LLC! EMPG was started by husband and wife, Dr. Emery and Dr. Milne, with the purpose of providing quality mental health services to the surrounding community. At EMPG we treat our patients with respect and dignity, ensuring that each patient's personal needs and goals are met with care and compassion. Most of the time people manage their lives very well; navigating through all of its curves and ups and downs. Sometimes, they need some direction or focus to get back on the right path. Our providers take the time to get to know their patients.
(904) 685-8756 View (904) 685-8756
Photo of Adam Norman Tharkur, Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MCAP, CHT, QS(FL)
Adam Norman Tharkur
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MCAP, CHT, QS(FL)
2 Endorsed
Orange Park, FL 32073
I believe that everyone deserves an environment where they feel comfortable enough to discuss their beliefs and feelings without judgment. I apply several theoretical orientations such as, but not limited to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Family Systems Theory in my practice to best meet my clients' individual needs. I work on building a strong therapeutic relationship using empathy and non-judgmental, goal-oriented approaches which assist client's treatment outcome.
I believe that everyone deserves an environment where they feel comfortable enough to discuss their beliefs and feelings without judgment. I apply several theoretical orientations such as, but not limited to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Family Systems Theory in my practice to best meet my clients' individual needs. I work on building a strong therapeutic relationship using empathy and non-judgmental, goal-oriented approaches which assist client's treatment outcome.
(863) 845-1568 View (863) 845-1568
Photo of Megan Rockwood, Counselor, LMHC, MCAP, CSOTP, QS
Megan Rockwood
Counselor, LMHC, MCAP, CSOTP, QS
4 Endorsed
Orange Park, FL 32073
Thank you for taking the time to view my profile! I've been a psychotherapist for 15 years after 3 years assisting in published psychological research. My focus is on adult patients with trauma, family systems, anxiety, depression, addictions, personality disorders and/or emotional dysregulation. More recently in my career, I focus on complex PTSD, intergenerational trauma, emotional abuse, domestic abuse, dysfunctional family dynamics and recovery for both clients and other professionals and provide trainings focusing on such. It is my mission to provide quality care with the respect and empathy everyone deserves!
Thank you for taking the time to view my profile! I've been a psychotherapist for 15 years after 3 years assisting in published psychological research. My focus is on adult patients with trauma, family systems, anxiety, depression, addictions, personality disorders and/or emotional dysregulation. More recently in my career, I focus on complex PTSD, intergenerational trauma, emotional abuse, domestic abuse, dysfunctional family dynamics and recovery for both clients and other professionals and provide trainings focusing on such. It is my mission to provide quality care with the respect and empathy everyone deserves!
(888) 793-2304 x101 View (888) 793-2304 x101
Photo of Paul D Knabb, Psychologist, PhD
Paul D Knabb
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
If you’re feeling nervous about starting therapy, you’re not alone—many people feel this way before their first visit. One of my primary goals is to help you feel comfortable and at ease. Your time with me matters, and I work to create a safe, supportive space with compassion, empathy, and even a touch of humor. I enjoy working with adults who are motivated to make meaningful changes in their lives. Many of my clients come to me for support with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, grief and loss, stress, anger, or coping with illness.
If you’re feeling nervous about starting therapy, you’re not alone—many people feel this way before their first visit. One of my primary goals is to help you feel comfortable and at ease. Your time with me matters, and I work to create a safe, supportive space with compassion, empathy, and even a touch of humor. I enjoy working with adults who are motivated to make meaningful changes in their lives. Many of my clients come to me for support with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, grief and loss, stress, anger, or coping with illness.
(904) 584-3527 View (904) 584-3527
Photo of Margaret Rose Glenn - Margaret Rose Glenn Counseling, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACHP-SW, BCD
Margaret Rose Glenn Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACHP-SW, BCD
Serves Area
I prefer to work with clients over 21 years old. I am gentle in my approach, am told I have a calming presence, and I have demonstrated the ability to be a peacemaker in troubled family situations. My faith and my good instincts have helped me to provide compassionate and professional care to my clients and to their families. I work with couples and individuals who are experiencing depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other difficult circumstances. I also have a wide array of life experiences and have survived painful times in my own life. I can offer hope, encouragement and help to those who seek healing.
I prefer to work with clients over 21 years old. I am gentle in my approach, am told I have a calming presence, and I have demonstrated the ability to be a peacemaker in troubled family situations. My faith and my good instincts have helped me to provide compassionate and professional care to my clients and to their families. I work with couples and individuals who are experiencing depression, anxiety, PTSD, and other difficult circumstances. I also have a wide array of life experiences and have survived painful times in my own life. I can offer hope, encouragement and help to those who seek healing.
(904) 675-1219 View (904) 675-1219
Photo of Dr. Michael Nackashi, Psychologist, PsyD, MS
Dr. Michael Nackashi
Psychologist, PsyD, MS
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I'm Dr. Nackashi, a clinical psychologist, who earned a doctorate from Nova Southeastern University. I trained in VA hospitals & community mental health & university counseling centers. I've spent 10 years providing individual and group psychotherapy to adolescents and young adults presenting with anxiety/panic, depression, interpersonal challenges, adjustment difficulty, ADHD, substance misuse, trauma/sexual assault, identity concerns, sports psychology, suicidality, and issues related to cultural discrimination. I also offer couples therapy to young adults and provide psychological assessments for students and young professionals.
I'm Dr. Nackashi, a clinical psychologist, who earned a doctorate from Nova Southeastern University. I trained in VA hospitals & community mental health & university counseling centers. I've spent 10 years providing individual and group psychotherapy to adolescents and young adults presenting with anxiety/panic, depression, interpersonal challenges, adjustment difficulty, ADHD, substance misuse, trauma/sexual assault, identity concerns, sports psychology, suicidality, and issues related to cultural discrimination. I also offer couples therapy to young adults and provide psychological assessments for students and young professionals.
(904) 529-0277 View (904) 529-0277
Photo of Jeannie L Mitchell, Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC, CCMHC, EMDR
Jeannie L Mitchell
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC, CCMHC, EMDR
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Jeannie Mitchell works in a therapeutic setting, helping individuals overcome the effects of trauma, anxiety & depression. She is non-judgmental and caring in her approach and will individually tailor counseling strategies to meet your needs, diagnosis, and preferences. She has advanced training in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR), an evidenced-based treatment for those with past trauma or PTSD. Jeannie is a veteran with a unique perspective to help veterans, military members, and their families work through military life issues.
Jeannie Mitchell works in a therapeutic setting, helping individuals overcome the effects of trauma, anxiety & depression. She is non-judgmental and caring in her approach and will individually tailor counseling strategies to meet your needs, diagnosis, and preferences. She has advanced training in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR), an evidenced-based treatment for those with past trauma or PTSD. Jeannie is a veteran with a unique perspective to help veterans, military members, and their families work through military life issues.
(904) 844-0742 View (904) 844-0742
Photo of Sinadia E. Grubbs, Counselor, LMHC, QS
Sinadia E. Grubbs
Counselor, LMHC, QS
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Whether you are the working parent needing to learn how to balance time for yourself and time for your family, the person that just can't find that silver lining to your cloud to bring back that smile you once had, or someone who is simply anxious because life has made you a little fearful. I am here to assist. You have made the best, first decision by just acknowledging that you need a little something more to get you through it, so now continue those steps with reaching out to start your journey.
Whether you are the working parent needing to learn how to balance time for yourself and time for your family, the person that just can't find that silver lining to your cloud to bring back that smile you once had, or someone who is simply anxious because life has made you a little fearful. I am here to assist. You have made the best, first decision by just acknowledging that you need a little something more to get you through it, so now continue those steps with reaching out to start your journey.
(904) 395-4046 View (904) 395-4046
Photo of Pamala T Love, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, TF-CBT
Pamala T Love
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, TF-CBT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Research shows the benefits of therapy last longer than medication alone. People struggling with emotional difficulties, life challenges, and mental health concerns should look for a counselor or therapist to help them. Let's talk and see if I am a good fit for you. Locate my appointment calendars by going straight to https://headway.co/providers/pamala-love?fbclid=IwAR2wMrsWuYS7w2mMXE-dK5Q76ZKhGFH7Zdkw1hecNaX3ndL59eGQWo8QFi8 for NC and https://www.pathmentalhealth.com/providers/GA/1396892055-pamala-love for GA.
Research shows the benefits of therapy last longer than medication alone. People struggling with emotional difficulties, life challenges, and mental health concerns should look for a counselor or therapist to help them. Let's talk and see if I am a good fit for you. Locate my appointment calendars by going straight to https://headway.co/providers/pamala-love?fbclid=IwAR2wMrsWuYS7w2mMXE-dK5Q76ZKhGFH7Zdkw1hecNaX3ndL59eGQWo8QFi8 for NC and https://www.pathmentalhealth.com/providers/GA/1396892055-pamala-love for GA.
(910) 541-9114 View (910) 541-9114
Photo of David Whittinghill, Counselor, PhD, LMHC, MAC, NCC
David Whittinghill
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, MAC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Imagine how much better your life would be if anger, fear, and despair were not troubling you. Imagine working with a professional who wants you to feel safe, unjudged, and validated. I've practiced as a licensed therapist for over thirty years. I know what works and what doesn't. If you are new to counseling, we will explore how to help you improve in the least amount of time. If you are familiar with counseling, we will tailor therapy to what works best for you.
Imagine how much better your life would be if anger, fear, and despair were not troubling you. Imagine working with a professional who wants you to feel safe, unjudged, and validated. I've practiced as a licensed therapist for over thirty years. I know what works and what doesn't. If you are new to counseling, we will explore how to help you improve in the least amount of time. If you are familiar with counseling, we will tailor therapy to what works best for you.
(904) 966-4257 View (904) 966-4257
Photo of Doretha F Pengel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Doretha F Pengel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Online Only
Hello my name is Doretha Pengel and I’m an Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both New York and Texas with over 20 years of experience providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals, couples, adolescents, and older adults. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service in 2003 and have dedicated my career to helping clients heal, grow and reconnect with their inner strengths. I believe healing begins in a safe, supportive and culturally sensitive environment where clients feel heard, valued and understood.
Hello my name is Doretha Pengel and I’m an Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both New York and Texas with over 20 years of experience providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health care to individuals, couples, adolescents, and older adults. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service in 2003 and have dedicated my career to helping clients heal, grow and reconnect with their inner strengths. I believe healing begins in a safe, supportive and culturally sensitive environment where clients feel heard, valued and understood.
(713) 820-6601 View (713) 820-6601

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Tracie Coleman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, FL6717
Tracie Coleman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, FL6717
Online Only
I’m a Licensed Clinical Telehealth Provider in Florida, and I work with adults who are carrying anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, or the stress that can come with cancer, chronic illness, and life changes.
We’ll take this one step at a time in a space that feels supportive and practical. Together, we’ll work on easing anxiety, lifting mood, building coping tools, and improving focus and organization, while making sense of stress or past experiences. Early on, you’ll have a clear direction and tools you can start using right away.
I’m a Licensed Clinical Telehealth Provider in Florida, and I work with adults who are carrying anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, or the stress that can come with cancer, chronic illness, and life changes.
We’ll take this one step at a time in a space that feels supportive and practical. Together, we’ll work on easing anxiety, lifting mood, building coping tools, and improving focus and organization, while making sense of stress or past experiences. Early on, you’ll have a clear direction and tools you can start using right away.
(727) 382-4914 View (727) 382-4914
Photo of Tammy Taylor, Counselor
Tammy Taylor
Counselor
Macclenny, FL 32063
I enjoy helping patients with: cancer/chronic illness, domestic abuse/violence, & veterans.
I am Tammy, LMHC, a licensed mental health counselor with over 15 years of experience helping individuals navigate life's most challenging moments. I specialize in trauma, PTSD, anger management, alcohol abuse, and bipolar disorder, providing compassionate, direct care tailored to each client's unique needs.
I enjoy helping patients with: cancer/chronic illness, domestic abuse/violence, & veterans.
I am Tammy, LMHC, a licensed mental health counselor with over 15 years of experience helping individuals navigate life's most challenging moments. I specialize in trauma, PTSD, anger management, alcohol abuse, and bipolar disorder, providing compassionate, direct care tailored to each client's unique needs.
(904) 736-1402 View (904) 736-1402
Photo of Elizabeth Bateh Engel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elizabeth Bateh Engel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth? I'm Elizabeth Engel, a licensed clinical social worker specializing in solution-focused therapy and dedicated to guiding individuals and couples towards positive change. I bring a unique blend of expertise and compassion to my practice. With specialized experience in couples and marriage therapy, grief therapy, and individual therapy, I'm here to support you through life's challenges and transitions.
Are you ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth? I'm Elizabeth Engel, a licensed clinical social worker specializing in solution-focused therapy and dedicated to guiding individuals and couples towards positive change. I bring a unique blend of expertise and compassion to my practice. With specialized experience in couples and marriage therapy, grief therapy, and individual therapy, I'm here to support you through life's challenges and transitions.
(904) 736-7671 View (904) 736-7671
Photo of Edna Lippi Brown, Counselor, LMHC, MA
Edna Lippi Brown
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Online Only
I have a sub-specialty in working with chronic health and cancer patients and survivors.
I’m so glad you’re here. Starting anything new can feel overwhelming. It takes courage to take that first step towards healing! My name is Edna Lippi Brown and I have been a Licensed Mental Health Counselor for the past 25 years. My mission is to do my part in helping to move my clients and community towards healing and growth. I specialize in working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, loss, and life-changing medical diagnoses. My belief is that you and I are a team, and I am here to support and guide you on this journey towards empowerment, self-fulfillment, and the life that you want to live.
I have a sub-specialty in working with chronic health and cancer patients and survivors.
I’m so glad you’re here. Starting anything new can feel overwhelming. It takes courage to take that first step towards healing! My name is Edna Lippi Brown and I have been a Licensed Mental Health Counselor for the past 25 years. My mission is to do my part in helping to move my clients and community towards healing and growth. I specialize in working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, loss, and life-changing medical diagnoses. My belief is that you and I are a team, and I am here to support and guide you on this journey towards empowerment, self-fulfillment, and the life that you want to live.
(386) 832-1236 View (386) 832-1236

See more therapy options for Orange Park

Cancer Therapists
How does cancer affect mental health?
A cancer diagnosis is a major life event that can significantly influence the mental health of any individual. Being diagnosed with cancer often introduces a sense of uncertainty about the future, which can cause clients to experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, and significant distress. Many cancer patients may also worry about the toll that their diagnosis may have on their family, their physical health, their job, and their financial situation. The compounding of such stressors can also decrease mental health in clients and may lead to additional symptoms that can influence mental health, such as sleeping difficulties or social withdrawal.

What is the best psychological therapy for cancer patients?
The best type of psychological therapy for cancer patients is highly dependent on the needs of the individual. The therapy type that a client benefits from may also depend on what stage of the cancer journey they are in. Recently diagnosed cancer patients, for instance, may benefit from therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which can help clients develop skills to manage the emotional distress that comes with a cancer diagnosis. Alternatively, cancer patients further along in their journey may benefit from therapies like Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or other forms of mindfulness therapy to help manage symptoms or physical pain associated with treatment. Clients may also consider group therapy, which offers cancer patients an opportunity to receive support from other individuals dealing with a cancer diagnosis.

Are there any risks or drawbacks in going to therapy while dealing with cancer?
Although attending therapy while dealing with a cancer diagnosis can be helpful, one major concern for cancer patients can be the financial cost of seeking therapy. Many therapists are out-of-network, meaning they do not accept insurance, and thus clients are expected to pay the entirety of the session fee. Since many cancer patients may be out of work as a result of their diagnosis or cancer treatment regimen, the costs of therapy sessions can be substantial. Luckily, many cancer centers and local clinics may offer free or substantially reduced-cost counseling services to cancer patients and their families. In addition, cancer patients may be eligible for grants or other forms of funding from local agencies and nonprofits to seek therapy for their cancer diagnosis. Such opportunities can be very helpful for cancer patients, as they allow clients to obtain the benefits of therapy without the financial strain.

How long does cancer therapy typically last?
The length of cancer therapy depends on the needs of each client. In some cases, cancer patients may only require therapeutic support during the period following their initial diagnosis—to help manage the uncertainty and shock of a cancer diagnosis. In other cases, clients may choose to receive therapy throughout their treatment, and even following, their cancer journey. Pursuing therapy for a longer period of time can help clients develop a deeper relationship with their therapist and provide opportunity to process the challenges presented by cancer treatment, such as physical pain, and challenges associated with cancer survivorship, such as ongoing identity concerns, physical limitations, or relationship challenges.