Therapists in South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL

Photo of M Camila Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist
M Camila Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
Our journey together begins by establishing a secure relationship based on respect, empathy, understanding and active listening. With a trauma informed and culturally sensitive approach, within the first four sessions we establish therapeutic goals based on your needs and preferences. The rest will unfold naturally.
Our journey together begins by establishing a secure relationship based on respect, empathy, understanding and active listening. With a trauma informed and culturally sensitive approach, within the first four sessions we establish therapeutic goals based on your needs and preferences. The rest will unfold naturally.
(786) 671-8602 View (786) 671-8602
Photo of Dr. Rebecca Ann Wang - ADHD Evalu, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, PhD, MSEd, MS, BA
ADHD Evalu
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, PhD, MSEd, MS, BA
Verified Verified
Online Only
I specialize in Psychological Testing and Evaluations for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders. I guarantee that my clients are approved for academic or work accommodations, disability approval, and court-ordered pre-trial release and probation compliance in Miami-Dade and Broward. I provide comprehensive documentation to support and empower my clients in is to ensure that my clients receiv employme
I specialize in Psychological Testing and Evaluations for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders. I guarantee that my clients are approved for academic or work accommodations, disability approval, and court-ordered pre-trial release and probation compliance in Miami-Dade and Broward. I provide comprehensive documentation to support and empower my clients in is to ensure that my clients receiv employme
(954) 519-7180 View (954) 519-7180
Photo of Rebecca Coleman Curtis, Psychologist, PhD, CP
Rebecca Coleman Curtis
Psychologist, PhD, CP
Verified Verified
South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL 33133
I help people with relationships and work, depression, anxiety, sexual issues, coping with fame. Integrating interventions from all orientations, I taught a course on therapy techniques to PhD candidates at Adelphi where I also supervised psychologists in training in doing therapy. I also trained as a psychoanalyst at the White Institute where I supervise and served as Society President. See my book "Desire,Self, Mind & the Psychotherapies" partly on Google Books and my profile on Wikipedia for more information about professional organizations to which I belong and photo. You can find on SKYPE as well for video therapy.
I help people with relationships and work, depression, anxiety, sexual issues, coping with fame. Integrating interventions from all orientations, I taught a course on therapy techniques to PhD candidates at Adelphi where I also supervised psychologists in training in doing therapy. I also trained as a psychoanalyst at the White Institute where I supervise and served as Society President. See my book "Desire,Self, Mind & the Psychotherapies" partly on Google Books and my profile on Wikipedia for more information about professional organizations to which I belong and photo. You can find on SKYPE as well for video therapy.
(855) 906-1815 x917836 View (855) 906-1815 x917836
Photo of Aurora Penate, Counselor, LMHC
Aurora Penate
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with a passion for supporting individuals on their journey toward healing and self-discovery. There are times in which life stressors, relationship problems or personal crisis can cause significant distress and interfere with daily functioning. My goal is to create a collaborative relationship that will empower and motivate clients to reach their full potential and improve their quality of life.
Welcome! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with a passion for supporting individuals on their journey toward healing and self-discovery. There are times in which life stressors, relationship problems or personal crisis can cause significant distress and interfere with daily functioning. My goal is to create a collaborative relationship that will empower and motivate clients to reach their full potential and improve their quality of life.
(786) 882-8278 View (786) 882-8278
Photo of Eva Ugarte, Counselor, LMHC, CAP, CT, CST
Eva Ugarte
Counselor, LMHC, CAP, CT, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL 33133
Hi, I’m a therapist who is very passionate about helping adults navigate life’s challenges. I specialize in working with individuals who are struggling with motivation, anxiety, self-esteem, and life transitions. Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of your next steps, I’m here to help you reconnect with your strengths and move toward a more fulfilling life. In therapy, I focus on increasing self-awareness, enhancing motivation, and teaching mindfulness and practical coping strategies to help manage anxiety.
Hi, I’m a therapist who is very passionate about helping adults navigate life’s challenges. I specialize in working with individuals who are struggling with motivation, anxiety, self-esteem, and life transitions. Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of your next steps, I’m here to help you reconnect with your strengths and move toward a more fulfilling life. In therapy, I focus on increasing self-awareness, enhancing motivation, and teaching mindfulness and practical coping strategies to help manage anxiety.
(786) 563-4813 View (786) 563-4813
Photo of Chelsea Arencibia, Pre-Licensed Professional
Chelsea Arencibia
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! I'm currently a therapist in training, passionately working towards my LCSW license. My approach to therapy is deeply rooted in a person-centered approach, motivational interviewing, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). I believe that understanding the underlying patterns in our thoughts and behaviors can be the key to lasting change.
Welcome! I'm currently a therapist in training, passionately working towards my LCSW license. My approach to therapy is deeply rooted in a person-centered approach, motivational interviewing, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). I believe that understanding the underlying patterns in our thoughts and behaviors can be the key to lasting change.
(786) 983-7266 View (786) 983-7266
Photo of Daniel Menely, Counselor, LMHC
Daniel Menely
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL 33133
You're tired of arguing over small things that somehow turn into major conflicts. What used to be minor disagreements now leave both of you feeling drained, misunderstood, and wondering if things will ever change. Despite your best efforts, the same patterns keep repeating—criticism, defensiveness, and emotional distance have become the norm. As a Gottman Method Level 3 practitioner, I help couples break free from these exhausting cycles. Instead of rehashing past arguments or debating who's right, we'll implement practical, evidence-based strategies that create immediate shifts in how you communicate and connect.
You're tired of arguing over small things that somehow turn into major conflicts. What used to be minor disagreements now leave both of you feeling drained, misunderstood, and wondering if things will ever change. Despite your best efforts, the same patterns keep repeating—criticism, defensiveness, and emotional distance have become the norm. As a Gottman Method Level 3 practitioner, I help couples break free from these exhausting cycles. Instead of rehashing past arguments or debating who's right, we'll implement practical, evidence-based strategies that create immediate shifts in how you communicate and connect.
(786) 823-3630 View (786) 823-3630
Photo of Moshe L Raskind - Serenity Psychotherapy LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serenity Psychotherapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Getting to the root of your pain, learning to deal with it, building upon your strengths then learning to act versus react to people and events is the goal of our approach. We have a long history of working with diverse populations, who have developed varied problems: Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Marital, Parenting, Occupational, grief and more Our approach is to work with your strengths; help you to develop new views and skills and then organize them into a plan that works in obtaining your goals. As a psychotherapy group practice, we can see just about anyone no matter what you're dealing with.
Getting to the root of your pain, learning to deal with it, building upon your strengths then learning to act versus react to people and events is the goal of our approach. We have a long history of working with diverse populations, who have developed varied problems: Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Marital, Parenting, Occupational, grief and more Our approach is to work with your strengths; help you to develop new views and skills and then organize them into a plan that works in obtaining your goals. As a psychotherapy group practice, we can see just about anyone no matter what you're dealing with.
(954) 280-1974 View (954) 280-1974
Photo of Timothy Tucker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Timothy Tucker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL 33133
As a compassionate and experienced licensed social worker, I am dedicated to helping adolescents and adults, including veterans, navigate life's complexities and achieve their goals. With a certification in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), I am equipped to empower you with the tools and strategies needed to overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health challenges.
As a compassionate and experienced licensed social worker, I am dedicated to helping adolescents and adults, including veterans, navigate life's complexities and achieve their goals. With a certification in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), I am equipped to empower you with the tools and strategies needed to overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health challenges.
(321) 384-6779 View (321) 384-6779
Photo of Dr. Teresa Bobo, Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Dr. Teresa Bobo
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you continue to feel like you are not where you are supposed to be in life or wonder what your life purpose is? Perhaps you've been looking online to figure out, "What's wrong with me?" Welcome to the world of what it means to be a human being, where past conditioning and internalized voices create a reality you'd like to learn how to shift. Often times, what impacts our state of being is something we can't see, a blind spot. Imagine what it would be like to learn how to identify underlying beliefs, create new beliefs, make different choices, and create a version of yourself you envision becoming. I'm honored to be your guide.
Do you continue to feel like you are not where you are supposed to be in life or wonder what your life purpose is? Perhaps you've been looking online to figure out, "What's wrong with me?" Welcome to the world of what it means to be a human being, where past conditioning and internalized voices create a reality you'd like to learn how to shift. Often times, what impacts our state of being is something we can't see, a blind spot. Imagine what it would be like to learn how to identify underlying beliefs, create new beliefs, make different choices, and create a version of yourself you envision becoming. I'm honored to be your guide.
(407) 890-8592 View (407) 890-8592
Photo of Patricia Lee Smith - PLS Resources, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC/MHS, CPS II
PLS Resources
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC/MHS, CPS II
Verified Verified
Serves Area
You’re sick and tired of feeling small, being walked all over, and not being heard. You’ve spent so much of your life focusing on what others needed from you that now you’re not sure what you need. You’re actually not even sure who you are outside of the roles you’ve used to define yourself for so long. What you are sure of, though, is that you’re ready to do things differently—to go in a direction that will make you feel content with your choices, bring more balance into your life, and help you have better relationships with your friends and family. Changing your life through therapy might not be easy, but it will be worth it.
You’re sick and tired of feeling small, being walked all over, and not being heard. You’ve spent so much of your life focusing on what others needed from you that now you’re not sure what you need. You’re actually not even sure who you are outside of the roles you’ve used to define yourself for so long. What you are sure of, though, is that you’re ready to do things differently—to go in a direction that will make you feel content with your choices, bring more balance into your life, and help you have better relationships with your friends and family. Changing your life through therapy might not be easy, but it will be worth it.
(931) 271-4379 View (931) 271-4379
Photo of Dr. Jenn Tickal - Restore and Renew Counseling and Consulting, Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP, CCTP
Restore and Renew Counseling and Consulting
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My approach with clients is primarily one that is holistic. I specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, insomnia, conflict resolution, and stress management. I like to work with clients on a 360 approach, looking at how nutrition, sleep, and stress are impacting present day experiences. Whether looking at patterns that began long ago or maybe just started present day, our work together will take a solution focused approach to begin to identify ways in which to make meaningful change in your life.
My approach with clients is primarily one that is holistic. I specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, insomnia, conflict resolution, and stress management. I like to work with clients on a 360 approach, looking at how nutrition, sleep, and stress are impacting present day experiences. Whether looking at patterns that began long ago or maybe just started present day, our work together will take a solution focused approach to begin to identify ways in which to make meaningful change in your life.
(850) 604-3953 View (850) 604-3953
Photo of Claire Lipton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT, CCTP
Claire Lipton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi - I’m Claire. I’m a Tampa-based private therapist and Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I specialize in working with young adults and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms, relationship challenges, critical self-talk, and uncertainty about values or next steps in life. My modern, person-centered approach to therapy is grounded in the belief that you are the expert of your own experience, and my role is to accompany you on your journey to self-discovery and personal growth. I strive to create a therapeutic relationship where you feel seen, heard, and valued for who you truly are.
Hi - I’m Claire. I’m a Tampa-based private therapist and Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I specialize in working with young adults and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms, relationship challenges, critical self-talk, and uncertainty about values or next steps in life. My modern, person-centered approach to therapy is grounded in the belief that you are the expert of your own experience, and my role is to accompany you on your journey to self-discovery and personal growth. I strive to create a therapeutic relationship where you feel seen, heard, and valued for who you truly are.
(813) 669-0526 View (813) 669-0526
Photo of Tara Wells, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tara Wells
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm Tara, sport social worker and founder of Finish Line Mindset LLC. If you're an athlete or competitive minded person looking for relief from anxiety, depression, mental blocks, disordered eating, and mental fatigue then you are in the right place. I can also support folks experiencing newly diagnoses ADHD with executive functioning skills to help to tackle your to do list and get out of procrastination spirals. I'm also passionate about identity work whether it's your identity as an athlete or minority stress (BIPOC and LGBTQIA).
I'm Tara, sport social worker and founder of Finish Line Mindset LLC. If you're an athlete or competitive minded person looking for relief from anxiety, depression, mental blocks, disordered eating, and mental fatigue then you are in the right place. I can also support folks experiencing newly diagnoses ADHD with executive functioning skills to help to tackle your to do list and get out of procrastination spirals. I'm also passionate about identity work whether it's your identity as an athlete or minority stress (BIPOC and LGBTQIA).
(561) 310-4703 View (561) 310-4703
Photo of Alayne Richardson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SIFI
Alayne Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SIFI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
No one can tell what's really going on. You are doing everything to try and keep it ALL under control: your job, relationships with family and friends, and your relationship with your partner. But inside, your thoughts are racing, its hard for you to take a deep breath and concentrate, you can't sleep well and your constantly overwhelmed. You are not sure how much more you can take.
No one can tell what's really going on. You are doing everything to try and keep it ALL under control: your job, relationships with family and friends, and your relationship with your partner. But inside, your thoughts are racing, its hard for you to take a deep breath and concentrate, you can't sleep well and your constantly overwhelmed. You are not sure how much more you can take.
(917) 905-9466 View (917) 905-9466
Photo of Kelvin Durant, Counselor, LMHC, LAC, NCC
Kelvin Durant
Counselor, LMHC, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a gifted African American male professional committed to providing quality mental health services. It is my goal to enhance the quality of life for individuals and families. My belief is that all people deserve to live a life that is full of joy and become the person they are intended to be. My motto is: “The old you will end and the new you will begin”. once you make the decision to partake in services with me. While recognizing the potential for change; an assessment of the client’s emotional, physical, and spiritual and life experience is provided in a caring environment.
I am a gifted African American male professional committed to providing quality mental health services. It is my goal to enhance the quality of life for individuals and families. My belief is that all people deserve to live a life that is full of joy and become the person they are intended to be. My motto is: “The old you will end and the new you will begin”. once you make the decision to partake in services with me. While recognizing the potential for change; an assessment of the client’s emotional, physical, and spiritual and life experience is provided in a caring environment.
(850) 299-0322 View (850) 299-0322
Photo of Liz Ruiz, Counselor, LMHC
Liz Ruiz
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
If you were not trapped by your own thoughts, what would you do? How much better would you perform? If you are feeling held back by your own fear, you are not alone. I know these issues can be difficult to navigate without the proper tools. I am passionate and dedicated to helping all of my clients find the courage and freedom they are looking for. I teach them tools that they can begin using immediately. My clients respond with a sense of relief and clarity after just a few sessions. Remember, you don't have to be alone through this process. You can find your authentic self and thrive in life.
If you were not trapped by your own thoughts, what would you do? How much better would you perform? If you are feeling held back by your own fear, you are not alone. I know these issues can be difficult to navigate without the proper tools. I am passionate and dedicated to helping all of my clients find the courage and freedom they are looking for. I teach them tools that they can begin using immediately. My clients respond with a sense of relief and clarity after just a few sessions. Remember, you don't have to be alone through this process. You can find your authentic self and thrive in life.
(561) 559-6008 View (561) 559-6008
Photo of Brandon Argent, Counselor, LMHC, LCPC, QS
Brandon Argent
Counselor, LMHC, LCPC, QS
Verified Verified
Online Only
I understand that seeking therapy can be a vulnerable step, and I commend you for taking it. I use a warm, yet direct approach to therapy. I aim to provide a supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgement. Together, we can work towards understanding your unique needs and develop strategies to help you live a more fulfilling life.
I understand that seeking therapy can be a vulnerable step, and I commend you for taking it. I use a warm, yet direct approach to therapy. I aim to provide a supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgement. Together, we can work towards understanding your unique needs and develop strategies to help you live a more fulfilling life.
(850) 679-8916 View (850) 679-8916
Photo of Edn Habte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Edn Habte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Qualified Supervisor in Florida. Feeling overwhelmed, depressed, isolated? I am an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker, well-versed in evidence based practice to bring you peace. I am confident that my knowledge base and clinical skills will provide positive reinforcements along with balanced structural life lessons that would ultimately allow clients the ability to achieve growth, while gaining tools of dependability, accountability and commitment.
Qualified Supervisor in Florida. Feeling overwhelmed, depressed, isolated? I am an experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker, well-versed in evidence based practice to bring you peace. I am confident that my knowledge base and clinical skills will provide positive reinforcements along with balanced structural life lessons that would ultimately allow clients the ability to achieve growth, while gaining tools of dependability, accountability and commitment.
(813) 320-2626 View (813) 320-2626
Photo of Neil Wolfson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, LCSW
Neil Wolfson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Feeling stuck? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, chronic illness, or relationship challenges? If you’re in pain, overwhelmed, or feel unable to pull yourself out of your circumstances, I can help. Using a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, EMDR Therapy (trauma therapy), Motivational Interviewing, and the Gottman Method for Couples Counseling, I can help you feel relief from your pain, gain more control of your life, and find a sense of purpose and direction.
Feeling stuck? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, chronic illness, or relationship challenges? If you’re in pain, overwhelmed, or feel unable to pull yourself out of your circumstances, I can help. Using a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, EMDR Therapy (trauma therapy), Motivational Interviewing, and the Gottman Method for Couples Counseling, I can help you feel relief from your pain, gain more control of your life, and find a sense of purpose and direction.
(561) 425-6552 View (561) 425-6552
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL who prioritize treating:

81% Anxiety
77% Relationship Issues
77% Depression
73% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Self Esteem
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in South Coconut Grove, Miami, FL see their clients

65% Online Only
35% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Coconut Grove, Miami?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.