Therapists in Lakewood Ranch, FL

Photo of Katie Hoffman-Reed, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Katie Hoffman-Reed
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34240
Katie brings over a decade and a wealth of experience in assisting individuals and couples from diverse backgrounds. This includes extensive knowledge and expertise working with first responders, substance abuse, forensic clients, kids and adolescents, couples, and LGBTQ. Katie has been a first responder for 20 years and can bring that unique experience and perspective to her therapy. Katie is an expert in helping her clients navigate the tough stuff in life and knows how to apply that to all sorts of different people in different life settings ensuring a rich learning environment.
Katie brings over a decade and a wealth of experience in assisting individuals and couples from diverse backgrounds. This includes extensive knowledge and expertise working with first responders, substance abuse, forensic clients, kids and adolescents, couples, and LGBTQ. Katie has been a first responder for 20 years and can bring that unique experience and perspective to her therapy. Katie is an expert in helping her clients navigate the tough stuff in life and knows how to apply that to all sorts of different people in different life settings ensuring a rich learning environment.
(484) 469-9189 View (484) 469-9189
Photo of Claudia Olave-Guillermo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSSW, LCSW
Claudia Olave-Guillermo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSSW, LCSW
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally exhausted can make daily life feel heavy and isolating. Many people come to therapy unsure why they feel the way they do, only knowing that something doesn’t feel right and they want relief. You may feel stuck in patterns of anxiety, sadness, or emotional reactions that are difficult to explain, and you may be seeking clarity, support, and a safe space to begin healing.
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally exhausted can make daily life feel heavy and isolating. Many people come to therapy unsure why they feel the way they do, only knowing that something doesn’t feel right and they want relief. You may feel stuck in patterns of anxiety, sadness, or emotional reactions that are difficult to explain, and you may be seeking clarity, support, and a safe space to begin healing.
(941) 491-0746 View (941) 491-0746
Photo of Jennifer Hatcher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer Hatcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
My ideal client is someone feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected, from themselves, their relationships, or their sense of purpose. They may struggle with anxiety, stress, life transitions, self-doubt, or patterns that no longer serve them. They want clarity, emotional balance, and tools to cope more effectively. At their core, they want to feel understood, empowered, and able to move forward with greater confidence and authenticity.
My ideal client is someone feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected, from themselves, their relationships, or their sense of purpose. They may struggle with anxiety, stress, life transitions, self-doubt, or patterns that no longer serve them. They want clarity, emotional balance, and tools to cope more effectively. At their core, they want to feel understood, empowered, and able to move forward with greater confidence and authenticity.
(941) 491-3881 View (941) 491-3881
Photo of Erica Kelly, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Erica Kelly
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Online Only
Erica received her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from USF in 2014. She believes in joining alongside her clients wherever they are in life’s journey and supporting them with empathy, acceptance, and encouragement. She realizes that therapy must be tailored to each client in order to meet specific needs. Erica offers a comprehensive approach to therapy in order to provide optimal support in reaching goals. She understands that many clients are weary of or resistant to counseling and is skilled in creating a comfortable environment built on trust.
Erica received her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from USF in 2014. She believes in joining alongside her clients wherever they are in life’s journey and supporting them with empathy, acceptance, and encouragement. She realizes that therapy must be tailored to each client in order to meet specific needs. Erica offers a comprehensive approach to therapy in order to provide optimal support in reaching goals. She understands that many clients are weary of or resistant to counseling and is skilled in creating a comfortable environment built on trust.
(941) 307-7827 View (941) 307-7827
Photo of Melissa Houseman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Melissa Houseman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34240
Melissa Houseman, LCSW, helps individuals, couples, and families in Florida find meaningful healing and lasting change. She provides a warm, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore life’s challenges and develop skills to create greater emotional balance and resilience. Melissa works collaboratively with adolescents, adults, and seniors, guiding them through issues such as anxiety, depression, and trauma with compassion and practical strategies. Melissa is particularly passionate about helping clients navigate recovery from trauma, post-partum depression and anxiety, and substance use issues.
Melissa Houseman, LCSW, helps individuals, couples, and families in Florida find meaningful healing and lasting change. She provides a warm, nonjudgmental space where clients can explore life’s challenges and develop skills to create greater emotional balance and resilience. Melissa works collaboratively with adolescents, adults, and seniors, guiding them through issues such as anxiety, depression, and trauma with compassion and practical strategies. Melissa is particularly passionate about helping clients navigate recovery from trauma, post-partum depression and anxiety, and substance use issues.
(941) 271-0595 View (941) 271-0595
Photo of Ann Hawthorne, Counselor, RN, LMHC, CHT
Ann Hawthorne
Counselor, RN, LMHC, CHT
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
Life is to short to settle for bad relationships, suffer from low self esteem, anxiety, addictions or depression. But often, finding the "right" therapist" to help you resolve these issues, can leave you feeling like you are looking for a needle in a haystack. I have been told that I have a gift of helping others. It is my sincere desire to help you get the results you desire. By helping you clarify your goals, and then by keeping each session focused on steps toward that goal, you can achieve the change you are looking for. My style and approach to therapy is never a "one size fits all" but will be customized to fit your needs.
Life is to short to settle for bad relationships, suffer from low self esteem, anxiety, addictions or depression. But often, finding the "right" therapist" to help you resolve these issues, can leave you feeling like you are looking for a needle in a haystack. I have been told that I have a gift of helping others. It is my sincere desire to help you get the results you desire. By helping you clarify your goals, and then by keeping each session focused on steps toward that goal, you can achieve the change you are looking for. My style and approach to therapy is never a "one size fits all" but will be customized to fit your needs.
(941) 740-5408 View (941) 740-5408
Photo of Meg Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BC-TMH
Meg Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BC-TMH
11 Endorsed
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
You’re a high-functioning professional who’s used to handling chaos, pressure, and responsibility without falling apart. You’re good at your job, but the stress is catching up: Sleep is off. You’re on edge, shut down, and/or irritable. Certain calls, images, or moments replay when you least expect them. You might even think to yourself or say to your significant other you’re “burned out,” or “fried". You don’t want to be told to breathe or think positive. You just want your body to calm down, your head to be clear, and to feel like yourself again, both on and off the job.
You’re a high-functioning professional who’s used to handling chaos, pressure, and responsibility without falling apart. You’re good at your job, but the stress is catching up: Sleep is off. You’re on edge, shut down, and/or irritable. Certain calls, images, or moments replay when you least expect them. You might even think to yourself or say to your significant other you’re “burned out,” or “fried". You don’t want to be told to breathe or think positive. You just want your body to calm down, your head to be clear, and to feel like yourself again, both on and off the job.
(941) 208-0535 View (941) 208-0535
Photo of Claudia Olave-Guillermo - Immigration Mental Health Evaluations, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSSW, LCSW
Immigration Mental Health Evaluations
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
I provide detailed, trauma-informed mental health immigration evaluations for adults, children, and families. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 27 years of clinical experience, offering culturally responsive evaluations in English and Spanish. My evaluations are clearly structured, clinically thorough, and informed by extensive experience working with immigration attorneys nationwide.
I provide detailed, trauma-informed mental health immigration evaluations for adults, children, and families. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 27 years of clinical experience, offering culturally responsive evaluations in English and Spanish. My evaluations are clearly structured, clinically thorough, and informed by extensive experience working with immigration attorneys nationwide.
(941) 842-0097 View (941) 842-0097
Photo of Desiree Mahiquez, EdS, NCSP, BCBA
Desiree Mahiquez
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
Is your child having difficulty at school? Are you at your wits' end with your child’s behavior, anxiety, or inattention at home? Do you need help navigating the educational system and all the acronyms? Is your child or teen experiencing Let me help your family. As a Nationally Certified School Psychologist and a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), I work with families and their school-aged children (preschool to high school) to promote academic, behavioral , and social-emotional success.
Is your child having difficulty at school? Are you at your wits' end with your child’s behavior, anxiety, or inattention at home? Do you need help navigating the educational system and all the acronyms? Is your child or teen experiencing Let me help your family. As a Nationally Certified School Psychologist and a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), I work with families and their school-aged children (preschool to high school) to promote academic, behavioral , and social-emotional success.
(954) 998-0632 View (954) 998-0632
Photo of Cheryl Gavin Breining, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Cheryl Gavin Breining
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
I strive to empower and motivate my clients to identify their strengths and develop personalized strategies to reach their goals and dreams. With a warm, collaborative approach, I help individuals navigate life’s challenges while building on the unique qualities that make them strong. I specialize in supporting individuals of all ages diagnosed with ADHD, as well as parents and teachers who are seeking practical tools and guidance to better understand and support the ADHD experience. My work is grounded in deep empathy, evidence-based strategies, and a firm belief in each person’s ability to grow and thrive.
I strive to empower and motivate my clients to identify their strengths and develop personalized strategies to reach their goals and dreams. With a warm, collaborative approach, I help individuals navigate life’s challenges while building on the unique qualities that make them strong. I specialize in supporting individuals of all ages diagnosed with ADHD, as well as parents and teachers who are seeking practical tools and guidance to better understand and support the ADHD experience. My work is grounded in deep empathy, evidence-based strategies, and a firm belief in each person’s ability to grow and thrive.
(941) 335-5802 View (941) 335-5802
Photo of Susan Arden Cote, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW, LLC
Susan Arden Cote
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW, LLC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling exhausted, angry, anxious, helpless or depressed living with the emotional ups and downs of your own life or that of a partner, adult child or parent? There are times when we are stuck and need help with the challenges of life. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 25 years of experience helping individuals, families and couples create an environment in which they can improve communication, solve problems and move forward in their lives.
Are you feeling exhausted, angry, anxious, helpless or depressed living with the emotional ups and downs of your own life or that of a partner, adult child or parent? There are times when we are stuck and need help with the challenges of life. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 25 years of experience helping individuals, families and couples create an environment in which they can improve communication, solve problems and move forward in their lives.
(941) 205-7093 View (941) 205-7093
Photo of William Esposito, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
William Esposito
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, my mission is to help people clearly identify their goals and where they want to be in life. Many people feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of their next step. My role is to help you gain clarity, find direction, and create a practical, realistic plan that moves you forward. Together, we focus on turning insight into action so you’re not just talking about change, you’re actively building it.
As a therapist, my mission is to help people clearly identify their goals and where they want to be in life. Many people feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of their next step. My role is to help you gain clarity, find direction, and create a practical, realistic plan that moves you forward. Together, we focus on turning insight into action so you’re not just talking about change, you’re actively building it.
(941) 883-9899 View (941) 883-9899
Photo of Holly Winters, Counselor, LMHC
Holly Winters
Counselor, LMHC
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
People struggle with all sorts of things for many different reasons. If you're having a hard time, know that you don't have to figure it out alone! I work to guide and support you in developing healthy coping strategies, building insight, and working toward meaningful personal goals. I specialize in supporting individuals navigating anxiety, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties, providing services for individuals and couples from teens to older adults (16 - 100).
People struggle with all sorts of things for many different reasons. If you're having a hard time, know that you don't have to figure it out alone! I work to guide and support you in developing healthy coping strategies, building insight, and working toward meaningful personal goals. I specialize in supporting individuals navigating anxiety, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties, providing services for individuals and couples from teens to older adults (16 - 100).
(941) 941-7487 View (941) 941-7487
Photo of Robin Bauer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Robin Bauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
OFFICE sessions are now available. I have a few in person openings! Focused on the treatment of depression, anxiety and addictions. Let me help you make peace with your mind and heart and change unwanted behaviors. Stop allowing all those negative, self-deprecating thoughts and beliefs control you. Together we can confront those lies empowering you to tap in to your inner strength and find greater meaning and purpose in life. Whether or not you're confronting old demons or facing life changes that have left you feeling overwhelmed, lonely and confused, it is never too late. I will encourage and support you through this proces
OFFICE sessions are now available. I have a few in person openings! Focused on the treatment of depression, anxiety and addictions. Let me help you make peace with your mind and heart and change unwanted behaviors. Stop allowing all those negative, self-deprecating thoughts and beliefs control you. Together we can confront those lies empowering you to tap in to your inner strength and find greater meaning and purpose in life. Whether or not you're confronting old demons or facing life changes that have left you feeling overwhelmed, lonely and confused, it is never too late. I will encourage and support you through this proces
(941) 357-1745 View (941) 357-1745
Photo of Gail Gerbig, Counselor, LMHC
Gail Gerbig
Counselor, LMHC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Therapy for Women in Midlife - Your calendar is jampacked and juggling a never-ending checklist, responsibilities, and expectations. You wear multiple hats — as a professional, mother, daughter, partner, and caregiver — while balancing your career, household, and the quiet (and not-so-quiet) changes of midlife that no one really warned you about. All of this is becoming too heavy. And now, you’re starting to feel it — emotionally and physically. Hi, I'm Gail — Therapist / Owner of Seaside Mental Wellness. With 3 decades of experience, I help women, just like you, navigate anxiety, life transitions, and perimenopause.
Therapy for Women in Midlife - Your calendar is jampacked and juggling a never-ending checklist, responsibilities, and expectations. You wear multiple hats — as a professional, mother, daughter, partner, and caregiver — while balancing your career, household, and the quiet (and not-so-quiet) changes of midlife that no one really warned you about. All of this is becoming too heavy. And now, you’re starting to feel it — emotionally and physically. Hi, I'm Gail — Therapist / Owner of Seaside Mental Wellness. With 3 decades of experience, I help women, just like you, navigate anxiety, life transitions, and perimenopause.
(941) 541-3970 View (941) 541-3970
Photo of Valerie Roth, PsyD
Valerie Roth
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
I am a certified and licensed school psychologist in the state of Florida. My Doctorate is in Psychology with a focus on School Psychology. Therefore, I see school-aged children ranging from pre-kindergarten through high school to help them succeed with their academics, social, emotional, and behavioral skills. At this time, I work for a public school district and Children's Psychological Services, LLC. I am available to consult with schools and parents to assist with Response to Intervention (RtI), psycho-educational assessment, gifted, learning concerns, dyslexia, attention concerns, and more.
I am a certified and licensed school psychologist in the state of Florida. My Doctorate is in Psychology with a focus on School Psychology. Therefore, I see school-aged children ranging from pre-kindergarten through high school to help them succeed with their academics, social, emotional, and behavioral skills. At this time, I work for a public school district and Children's Psychological Services, LLC. I am available to consult with schools and parents to assist with Response to Intervention (RtI), psycho-educational assessment, gifted, learning concerns, dyslexia, attention concerns, and more.
(941) 840-5125 View (941) 840-5125
Photo of Dan Jovanovic - https://care.headway.co/providers/dan-jovanovic?ut, Psychologist, PsyD
I help adults with mood disorders, including depression, anxiety, mixed, and bipolar disorders who are looking for ways to discover and utilize a rational approach to mental health for a more satisfying experience of life and are willing to grow and not only utilize techniques learned in therapy but develop and evolve their own philosophical view of themselves, the world, and others.
I help adults with mood disorders, including depression, anxiety, mixed, and bipolar disorders who are looking for ways to discover and utilize a rational approach to mental health for a more satisfying experience of life and are willing to grow and not only utilize techniques learned in therapy but develop and evolve their own philosophical view of themselves, the world, and others.
(941) 401-4557 View (941) 401-4557
Photo of Frances Bertolini - Serenity Counseling LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serenity Counseling LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34202
I work with young adults, adults, seniors and families, through individual, family, couples and marital counseling. I work with clients who have been abused, traumatized, neglected and are struggling and attempting to cope with issues of depression, anxiety, ADHD, separation anxiety, anger management, co-dependence, adolescence, preparing and moving to college, family stressors and dynamics, parenting, divorce, co-parenting, school issues, employment issues, job loss, retirement, grief, and alienation.
I work with young adults, adults, seniors and families, through individual, family, couples and marital counseling. I work with clients who have been abused, traumatized, neglected and are struggling and attempting to cope with issues of depression, anxiety, ADHD, separation anxiety, anger management, co-dependence, adolescence, preparing and moving to college, family stressors and dynamics, parenting, divorce, co-parenting, school issues, employment issues, job loss, retirement, grief, and alienation.
(941) 231-5012 View (941) 231-5012
Photo of Jennifer Barnett, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, EMDR
Jennifer Barnett
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, EMDR
4 Endorsed
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34240
Life can feel overwhelming, leaving you stuck, disconnected, or uncertain about your next steps. You may be navigating anxiety, depression, or transitions that feel heavy, or struggling with relationship challenges. You want clarity, connection, and meaningful change but need support to get there. I provide a compassionate, nonjudgmental space to help you explore your emotions, relationships, and patterns, empowering you to create the life you want.
Life can feel overwhelming, leaving you stuck, disconnected, or uncertain about your next steps. You may be navigating anxiety, depression, or transitions that feel heavy, or struggling with relationship challenges. You want clarity, connection, and meaningful change but need support to get there. I provide a compassionate, nonjudgmental space to help you explore your emotions, relationships, and patterns, empowering you to create the life you want.
(941) 326-4423 View (941) 326-4423
Katie Humphrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Lakewood Ranch, FL 34240
Kate takes a strengths-based, client-centered approach, tailoring therapy to each individual’s unique needs and goals. She believes in meeting clients where they are, using their lived experiences as a foundation for self-discovery and meaningful change. Through an insight-oriented and humanistic lens, Kate empowers clients to recognize their full potential by addressing unhelpful cognitive and behavioral patterns. Kate is passionate about working with women, particularly those navigating the impacts of trauma, domestic violence, and disordered eating.
Kate takes a strengths-based, client-centered approach, tailoring therapy to each individual’s unique needs and goals. She believes in meeting clients where they are, using their lived experiences as a foundation for self-discovery and meaningful change. Through an insight-oriented and humanistic lens, Kate empowers clients to recognize their full potential by addressing unhelpful cognitive and behavioral patterns. Kate is passionate about working with women, particularly those navigating the impacts of trauma, domestic violence, and disordered eating.
(941) 269-2371 View (941) 269-2371

See more therapy options for Lakewood Ranch

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lakewood Ranch, FL

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Lakewood Ranch, FL who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
85% Depression
76% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress
59% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Lakewood Ranch, FL see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lakewood Ranch?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.