Photo of Alex Smith Counseling, Counselor in 38112, TN
Alex Smith Counseling
Counselor, LPC-, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
::You do not have to be good. You do not have to walk on your knees for a hundred miles through the desert repenting. You only have to let the soft animal of your body love what it loves. {excerpt from Mary Oliver’s Wild Geese):: When seeking help, the therapeutic relationship is where it all starts. My desire is to offer a safe, non-judgmental, compassionate foundation for each person I share space with. I want you to believe, as much as I do, in your own inherent resilience and capacity to self- heal.
::You do not have to be good. You do not have to walk on your knees for a hundred miles through the desert repenting. You only have to let the soft animal of your body love what it loves. {excerpt from Mary Oliver’s Wild Geese):: When seeking help, the therapeutic relationship is where it all starts. My desire is to offer a safe, non-judgmental, compassionate foundation for each person I share space with. I want you to believe, as much as I do, in your own inherent resilience and capacity to self- heal.
(901) 350-5241 View (901) 350-5241
Photo of Hallie Bloom, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Hallie Bloom
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CT, CCLS, PBS, EMDR
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
Hallie is a licensed professional counselor, a certified grief counselor, educator, pet bereavement specialist, and a certified child life specialist. I practice at MERCI, (Mental and Emotional Resource Center) in Memphis, Tennessee, providing individual sessions, focused on grief and loss, pet loss, addiction, recovery and all mental health issues. My Child Life training and 30 years of experience, provides me with the knowledge and abilities to work with children, adolescents and their families who are dealing with acute, chronic and terminal illness. Change in our lives is constant and often go unrecognized as Grief issues.
Hallie is a licensed professional counselor, a certified grief counselor, educator, pet bereavement specialist, and a certified child life specialist. I practice at MERCI, (Mental and Emotional Resource Center) in Memphis, Tennessee, providing individual sessions, focused on grief and loss, pet loss, addiction, recovery and all mental health issues. My Child Life training and 30 years of experience, provides me with the knowledge and abilities to work with children, adolescents and their families who are dealing with acute, chronic and terminal illness. Change in our lives is constant and often go unrecognized as Grief issues.
(901) 641-1127 View (901) 641-1127
Photo of Chase Spiegel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Chase Spiegel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
Ready to talk about and deal with your trauma? Tired of your past traumatic experiences impacting the way you see yourself, your relationships and the world? I can help you face what happened to you or a loved one and assist you in finding balance after a tragic experience. The Purple Brain program is an effective trauma treatment program that takes just 12 weeks; that’s the equivalent of a college semester or three months of therapy. The program combines group and individual sessions, and all appointments are online.
Ready to talk about and deal with your trauma? Tired of your past traumatic experiences impacting the way you see yourself, your relationships and the world? I can help you face what happened to you or a loved one and assist you in finding balance after a tragic experience. The Purple Brain program is an effective trauma treatment program that takes just 12 weeks; that’s the equivalent of a college semester or three months of therapy. The program combines group and individual sessions, and all appointments are online.
(901) 657-3191 View (901) 657-3191
Photo of Brandi Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Brandi Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
I don't believe in the one size fits all treatment plan. I believe with challenge comes change. Facing the worst experiences of our lives or the worst parts of ourselves can seem almost impossible or unbearable. You don't have to carry the burden of your traumas. I believe in empowering my clients. We will work to together to create goals to become the best version of yourself. My personality is very laid back and I curse when I am passionate but it is always with love. I will always be honest and call you out when needed but I will also support you and cheer you on when your goals and show up for yourself.
I don't believe in the one size fits all treatment plan. I believe with challenge comes change. Facing the worst experiences of our lives or the worst parts of ourselves can seem almost impossible or unbearable. You don't have to carry the burden of your traumas. I believe in empowering my clients. We will work to together to create goals to become the best version of yourself. My personality is very laid back and I curse when I am passionate but it is always with love. I will always be honest and call you out when needed but I will also support you and cheer you on when your goals and show up for yourself.
(901) 582-5669 View (901) 582-5669
Photo of Michael Warren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Michael Warren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdS, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with years of experience working with a wide range of clients. I have extensive training working with children and teenagers and have worked with families in the Greater Memphis Area for over 10 years. I have a unique insight that allows clients to best express their needs and work towards their individual goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with years of experience working with a wide range of clients. I have extensive training working with children and teenagers and have worked with families in the Greater Memphis Area for over 10 years. I have a unique insight that allows clients to best express their needs and work towards their individual goals.
(901) 295-6257 View (901) 295-6257
Photo of Lawrence Elliott, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Lawrence Elliott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Brene Brown wrote that "Loving ourselves through the process of owning our story is the bravest thing we'll ever do". I aim to create a safe place and a trusting relationship that will help you bravely share your story. Once we find the courage to share our truths, the courage to heal and change can come shortly after. Nothing that we experience is wasted story.
Brene Brown wrote that "Loving ourselves through the process of owning our story is the bravest thing we'll ever do". I aim to create a safe place and a trusting relationship that will help you bravely share your story. Once we find the courage to share our truths, the courage to heal and change can come shortly after. Nothing that we experience is wasted story.
(901) 567-2246 View (901) 567-2246
Photo of Molly K. Fleming, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Molly K. Fleming
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, YT
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
There is no substitute for compassion in the counseling relationship. I believe in a whole-person approach. This means that everything is relevant: family of origin, unwanted life events, current relationships, physical health and well being, and everyday coping challenges. I assist my clients with life transitions, grief, early childhood trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, chronic pain, relationship challenges, and spiritual issues. I endorse and have expertise in mindfulness-based practices and 12+ years of Hospice experience. Strengths: trusting relationships with my clients.
There is no substitute for compassion in the counseling relationship. I believe in a whole-person approach. This means that everything is relevant: family of origin, unwanted life events, current relationships, physical health and well being, and everyday coping challenges. I assist my clients with life transitions, grief, early childhood trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, chronic pain, relationship challenges, and spiritual issues. I endorse and have expertise in mindfulness-based practices and 12+ years of Hospice experience. Strengths: trusting relationships with my clients.
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Photo of Beth Rushing, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Beth Rushing
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
(901) 209-4795 View (901) 209-4795
Photo of April Bailye Counseling (ABC) , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
April Bailye Counseling (ABC)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! If you're looking for a therapist that is going to listen to understand while also helping you figure out causes and solutions to your struggles, then you have found the right therapist. If you're married or in a relationship that once was good and now is filled with hurt, fighting, misunderstanding, or loneliness, I know how to help. There is hope for your relationship, and I will give you the tools you need to build and maintain a happy and healthy relationship. If you are a person that is looking for individual therapy for yourself, I have experience and tools to help you in your journey, as well.
Accepting new clients! If you're looking for a therapist that is going to listen to understand while also helping you figure out causes and solutions to your struggles, then you have found the right therapist. If you're married or in a relationship that once was good and now is filled with hurt, fighting, misunderstanding, or loneliness, I know how to help. There is hope for your relationship, and I will give you the tools you need to build and maintain a happy and healthy relationship. If you are a person that is looking for individual therapy for yourself, I have experience and tools to help you in your journey, as well.
(470) 837-2262 View (470) 837-2262
Photo of Tom Edwards, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Tom Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Young people present unique challenges, but also unique opportunities. After almost 30 years experience working with this population, there aren't many situations I haven't encountered. There is always reason for hope. What your therapist expects influences the outcomes. As a behavioral optimist, I approach clients I work with believing that no one wants to be miserable. We all want to reach our potential, as children, adolescents, parents, families, members of a community. Every living, breathing person, whatever their age, race, gender, sexual orientation, or place in life, is capable of change. That is a firm belief of mine.
Young people present unique challenges, but also unique opportunities. After almost 30 years experience working with this population, there aren't many situations I haven't encountered. There is always reason for hope. What your therapist expects influences the outcomes. As a behavioral optimist, I approach clients I work with believing that no one wants to be miserable. We all want to reach our potential, as children, adolescents, parents, families, members of a community. Every living, breathing person, whatever their age, race, gender, sexual orientation, or place in life, is capable of change. That is a firm belief of mine.
(901) 273-7751 View (901) 273-7751
Photo of Mackaria Estes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Mackaria Estes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Oftentimes, it's helpful to be reminded that emotional peace and happiness are possible. Your interest in counseling suggests that you're ready to start the journey to achieving and sustaining emotional wellness. Whether you're seeking traditional "talk therapy" or if you're open to allowing nature to aide in the therapeutic process with "walk + talk therapy"---or if you're somewhere in between, let's partner to create a self-care plan that's tailored to address your specific needs and goals.
Oftentimes, it's helpful to be reminded that emotional peace and happiness are possible. Your interest in counseling suggests that you're ready to start the journey to achieving and sustaining emotional wellness. Whether you're seeking traditional "talk therapy" or if you're open to allowing nature to aide in the therapeutic process with "walk + talk therapy"---or if you're somewhere in between, let's partner to create a self-care plan that's tailored to address your specific needs and goals.
(901) 563-4930 View (901) 563-4930
Photo of Karen R Swanay, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Karen R Swanay
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
My ideal client is one who knows they need to make changes and are willing to do the work of therapy. My practice is specialized to help those with OCD, anxiety, and related disorders but I am also a gender therapist. My office is a safe space where you can be you.
My ideal client is one who knows they need to make changes and are willing to do the work of therapy. My practice is specialized to help those with OCD, anxiety, and related disorders but I am also a gender therapist. My office is a safe space where you can be you.
(850) 279-5084 View (850) 279-5084
Photo of Shawna Bearden Allagas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Shawna Bearden Allagas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
Shawna Bearden-Allagas is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with five years of experience working with adults in the mental health field. She is passionate about working with adults exhibiting signs and symptoms of depression, anxiety, sexual and physical trauma, and substance use. Her focus is on empowering individuals to live their best life.
Shawna Bearden-Allagas is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with five years of experience working with adults in the mental health field. She is passionate about working with adults exhibiting signs and symptoms of depression, anxiety, sexual and physical trauma, and substance use. Her focus is on empowering individuals to live their best life.
(901) 621-3508 View (901) 621-3508
Photo of Victoria Terrell Traylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Victoria Terrell Traylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
“Compassion is not a relationship between the healer and the wounded. It’s a relationship between equals. Only when we know our own darkness well can we be present with the darkness of others. Compassion becomes real when we recognize our shared humanity.”-Pema Chodran. Now is the Time! We all have a desire to be whole, healthy, and thriving. All of us face different challenges in this life, my goal is to work collaboratively with you to help you create the life that you want to live.Real transformation takes place in the pain or suffering and it is in this place that we are motivated to look for answers. Are you ready to begin?
“Compassion is not a relationship between the healer and the wounded. It’s a relationship between equals. Only when we know our own darkness well can we be present with the darkness of others. Compassion becomes real when we recognize our shared humanity.”-Pema Chodran. Now is the Time! We all have a desire to be whole, healthy, and thriving. All of us face different challenges in this life, my goal is to work collaboratively with you to help you create the life that you want to live.Real transformation takes place in the pain or suffering and it is in this place that we are motivated to look for answers. Are you ready to begin?
(901) 390-9965 View (901) 390-9965
Photo of Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
Waitlist for new clients
At Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation, LLC we believe that: "Each strand alone is not as strong as when braided together." On your counseling journey we aim to serve as a support in weaving together the vision for your life. We are compatible with motivated clients, that are willing to partner in an effort to interrupt emotional or cognitive patterns that are not serving you. We believe that you have intuitive tools that may not be accessible due to "guarded relating" that so many of us have adopted to protect ourselves. Allow us to assist you in unearthing tools that identify your barriers and create sustainable change.
At Sweetgrass Counseling & Consultation, LLC we believe that: "Each strand alone is not as strong as when braided together." On your counseling journey we aim to serve as a support in weaving together the vision for your life. We are compatible with motivated clients, that are willing to partner in an effort to interrupt emotional or cognitive patterns that are not serving you. We believe that you have intuitive tools that may not be accessible due to "guarded relating" that so many of us have adopted to protect ourselves. Allow us to assist you in unearthing tools that identify your barriers and create sustainable change.
(901) 245-3220 x1 View (901) 245-3220 x1
Photo of Lee Forbes-Belue, Pre-Licensed Professional in 38112, TN
Lee Forbes-Belue
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
We often come to a crossroads in our lives, a time when staying where we are is no longer sustainable, yet we are not clear on how to do something different, or how to start down a new path. Many of us learned early on to only show aspects of ourselves that were “acceptable;” we learned which traits earned us love and cultivated those, but relinquished many others. Healing is a journey back to ourselves, a journey back our essence and back to who we were before we learned we were not enough.
We often come to a crossroads in our lives, a time when staying where we are is no longer sustainable, yet we are not clear on how to do something different, or how to start down a new path. Many of us learned early on to only show aspects of ourselves that were “acceptable;” we learned which traits earned us love and cultivated those, but relinquished many others. Healing is a journey back to ourselves, a journey back our essence and back to who we were before we learned we were not enough.
(901) 446-2428 View (901) 446-2428
Photo of Whitney Coulombe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Whitney Coulombe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
Whitney Coulombe is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 20 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and couples address their unique challenges in order for them to gain a better sense of overall peace and well-being. Whitney specializes in anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, stress, and relationship issues. Whitney completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at the University of Tennessee. She views the counseling experience as a collaborative process, focusing on the uniqueness of each individual.
Whitney Coulombe is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 20 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and couples address their unique challenges in order for them to gain a better sense of overall peace and well-being. Whitney specializes in anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, stress, and relationship issues. Whitney completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at the University of Tennessee. She views the counseling experience as a collaborative process, focusing on the uniqueness of each individual.
(901) 660-2341 View (901) 660-2341
Photo of Kimery Irby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Kimery Irby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
I understand how life's situations can bring about feelings of anger, frustration, anxiety, hopelessness, and self-doubt. You may even feel alone, inadequate, or simply misunderstood. If this is the case and you seek emotional support to appropriately cope with emotions and restore well-being, definitely consider talking to me, Kimery Irby, LCSW (the peacemaker). I view life's challenges as opportunities for growth. My unique and compassionate approach to therapy will allow for you to make positive changes, obtain a new perspective, and put together the pieces of your life.
I understand how life's situations can bring about feelings of anger, frustration, anxiety, hopelessness, and self-doubt. You may even feel alone, inadequate, or simply misunderstood. If this is the case and you seek emotional support to appropriately cope with emotions and restore well-being, definitely consider talking to me, Kimery Irby, LCSW (the peacemaker). I view life's challenges as opportunities for growth. My unique and compassionate approach to therapy will allow for you to make positive changes, obtain a new perspective, and put together the pieces of your life.
(901) 295-4104 View (901) 295-4104
Photo of Brian Kjelvik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 38112, TN
Brian Kjelvik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112  (Online Only)
Brian Kjelvik is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider (LPC-MHSP) in the state of Tennessee with over 6 years of experience assisting clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting struggles, career challenges, divorce, loss, and emotional abuse. Brian earned his Master's degree in Clinical Psychology from Austin Peay State University. His approach combines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), humanistic therapy, solution-focused brief therapy, and mindfulness.
Brian Kjelvik is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider (LPC-MHSP) in the state of Tennessee with over 6 years of experience assisting clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting struggles, career challenges, divorce, loss, and emotional abuse. Brian earned his Master's degree in Clinical Psychology from Austin Peay State University. His approach combines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), humanistic therapy, solution-focused brief therapy, and mindfulness.
(901) 621-8422 View (901) 621-8422
Photo of Megan Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in 38112, TN
Megan Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCMHSP, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38112
Not accepting new clients
I especially enjoy work with pre-teens, teenagers, and adults experiencing eating disorders, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, postpartum issues, body image issues, self-esteem/self-worth issues, generalized and social anxiety, life transition issues, trauma and PTSD, depression, attachment issues and grief and loss. I believe in helping clients heal by establishing safe and secure attachments to themselves and others, utilizing current strengths as well as internal and external resources to create lasting change.
I especially enjoy work with pre-teens, teenagers, and adults experiencing eating disorders, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, postpartum issues, body image issues, self-esteem/self-worth issues, generalized and social anxiety, life transition issues, trauma and PTSD, depression, attachment issues and grief and loss. I believe in helping clients heal by establishing safe and secure attachments to themselves and others, utilizing current strengths as well as internal and external resources to create lasting change.
(901) 245-5530 View (901) 245-5530

See more therapy options for 38112

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 38112

20+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 38112 who prioritize treating:

85% Anxiety
80% Depression
75% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 38112 see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 38112?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.