Therapists in Fairfax, VA

Photo of Dr. Laura Russell, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Dr. Laura Russell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you feeling emotionally depleted or fearfully uncertain about the future? I offer therapy for individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, OCD, insomnia, trauma, chronic pain, and ADHD. If you are feeling distressed, isolated, or experiencing problems in your relationships I hope I can guide you through these challenging times. My goal as your therapist would be to help you find your own pathway to healing, balance, and a peace of mind.
Are you feeling emotionally depleted or fearfully uncertain about the future? I offer therapy for individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, OCD, insomnia, trauma, chronic pain, and ADHD. If you are feeling distressed, isolated, or experiencing problems in your relationships I hope I can guide you through these challenging times. My goal as your therapist would be to help you find your own pathway to healing, balance, and a peace of mind.
(571) 526-0449 View (571) 526-0449
Photo of Dr. Linda G. Ritchie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Dr. Linda G. Ritchie
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22031
I help professional adults struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, self-doubt and self-sabotaging behaviors find relief and take control of their lives. I help couples and family members struggling with arguments filled with criticism and defensiveness, learn the skills to move through the issues and get to workable solutions and feel more intimately connected. I draw from extensive training and life experiences for effective, results-oriented sessions. With a direct and interactive approach, I work with clients to achieve both short-term impact as well as lifelong changes. I strive to use your time efficiently.
I help professional adults struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, self-doubt and self-sabotaging behaviors find relief and take control of their lives. I help couples and family members struggling with arguments filled with criticism and defensiveness, learn the skills to move through the issues and get to workable solutions and feel more intimately connected. I draw from extensive training and life experiences for effective, results-oriented sessions. With a direct and interactive approach, I work with clients to achieve both short-term impact as well as lifelong changes. I strive to use your time efficiently.
(703) 437-6311 View (703) 437-6311
Photo of Matt Dean, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Matt Dean
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
After serving the Northern Virginia area for the last 23 years in prominent agency and home based counseling settings, I have established myself as a successful psychotherapist. While using a Cognitive Behavioral and Brief Therapy Approach, I am able to help individuals experiencing depressed moods, anxiety issues, anger management issues, loss/ grief, PTSD, abuse and relationship issues.
After serving the Northern Virginia area for the last 23 years in prominent agency and home based counseling settings, I have established myself as a successful psychotherapist. While using a Cognitive Behavioral and Brief Therapy Approach, I am able to help individuals experiencing depressed moods, anxiety issues, anger management issues, loss/ grief, PTSD, abuse and relationship issues.
(703) 468-8236 View (703) 468-8236
Photo of Shadi Kamrani - George, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Shadi Kamrani - George
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients. I am a bilingual, Iranian-American, and a dedicated and compassionate licensed therapist with 20 years of experience helping individuals and families navigate life's challenges. I am committed to providing a safe and nonjudgmental space for my clients to explore their thoughts and feelings, develop coping skills, and work towards personal growth and healing. My therapeutic approach is client-centered, meaning that I tailor my methods to meet each client's unique needs and goals. I draw from various evidence-based modalities to create a personalized treatment plan for each client.
Currently accepting new clients. I am a bilingual, Iranian-American, and a dedicated and compassionate licensed therapist with 20 years of experience helping individuals and families navigate life's challenges. I am committed to providing a safe and nonjudgmental space for my clients to explore their thoughts and feelings, develop coping skills, and work towards personal growth and healing. My therapeutic approach is client-centered, meaning that I tailor my methods to meet each client's unique needs and goals. I draw from various evidence-based modalities to create a personalized treatment plan for each client.
(571) 487-7192 View (571) 487-7192
Photo of Monarch Counseling Center, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Monarch Counseling Center, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
On the road of life, there are times we're confronted by an issue, a pothole, that can divert us in a direction that becomes problematic. It's a journey wherein we may need to reach out to someone who is able to help us navigate our way through or around the pothole. My clients come to me because they are experiencing challenging circumstances & the goal is to assist them in exploring strategies that identify solutions. I believe that I can be that person for you. For me, to travel that road with a person is a privilege and it is accomplished by providing a safe and secure environment wherein the issues can be addressed.
On the road of life, there are times we're confronted by an issue, a pothole, that can divert us in a direction that becomes problematic. It's a journey wherein we may need to reach out to someone who is able to help us navigate our way through or around the pothole. My clients come to me because they are experiencing challenging circumstances & the goal is to assist them in exploring strategies that identify solutions. I believe that I can be that person for you. For me, to travel that road with a person is a privilege and it is accomplished by providing a safe and secure environment wherein the issues can be addressed.
(540) 565-5844 View (540) 565-5844
Photo of Raymond A. Bradni, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Raymond A. Bradni
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22033
In my therapeutic approach, we will explore your experience of mind-body (psychosomatic) dysregulation that caused the physical symptoms such as gastrointestinal problems (e.g., Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional nausea, functional abdominal pain, chronic pain, trauma-related weight gain, sleep-wake cycle dysregulation, etc. Metaphorically speaking, our therapeutic relationship will function as a container that holds complex emotions so we can explore, tolerate, and process them without judgment. As a result, your body will be relieved from its containing function, and the physical symptoms will diminish.
In my therapeutic approach, we will explore your experience of mind-body (psychosomatic) dysregulation that caused the physical symptoms such as gastrointestinal problems (e.g., Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional nausea, functional abdominal pain, chronic pain, trauma-related weight gain, sleep-wake cycle dysregulation, etc. Metaphorically speaking, our therapeutic relationship will function as a container that holds complex emotions so we can explore, tolerate, and process them without judgment. As a result, your body will be relieved from its containing function, and the physical symptoms will diminish.
(571) 470-6791 View (571) 470-6791
Photo of Meredith Gelman, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Meredith Gelman, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22031
I specialize in recovery from all types of traumatic experiences. I am EMDR trained and utilize this method and the Internal Family Systems model and Mindfulness to help clients resolve past trauma and even rework family of origin roadblocks. I see clients who are struggling with anxiety and depression, related to many issues including surviving adverse childhood experiences.
I specialize in recovery from all types of traumatic experiences. I am EMDR trained and utilize this method and the Internal Family Systems model and Mindfulness to help clients resolve past trauma and even rework family of origin roadblocks. I see clients who are struggling with anxiety and depression, related to many issues including surviving adverse childhood experiences.
(571) 771-1959 View (571) 771-1959
Photo of Paige Fife, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Paige Fife
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
I am now accepting clients to start therapy in April. Please email (no phone calls or texts please!) if you are interested in a consultation. I work well with highly motivated clients struggling with perfectionism, people-pleasing, anxiety, intrusive thoughts and sleep issues.
I am now accepting clients to start therapy in April. Please email (no phone calls or texts please!) if you are interested in a consultation. I work well with highly motivated clients struggling with perfectionism, people-pleasing, anxiety, intrusive thoughts and sleep issues.
(571) 556-9392 View (571) 556-9392
Photo of Andrew (Andy) E. Hart, Resident in Counseling in Fairfax, VA
Andrew (Andy) E. Hart
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Not accepting new clients
Each of us faces different challenges in our lives. It can be difficult to navigate them alone. We must learn to adapt to the expected and unexpected changes in life. During these times of change, it is helpful to have empathetic and caring support to understand what you are going through and find a way to adjust. Whether it is walking through the inevitable challenges of a relationship, career transitions or facing the unexpected “curve balls” of mental health and addictions, we can work together to understand how best to face them.
Each of us faces different challenges in our lives. It can be difficult to navigate them alone. We must learn to adapt to the expected and unexpected changes in life. During these times of change, it is helpful to have empathetic and caring support to understand what you are going through and find a way to adjust. Whether it is walking through the inevitable challenges of a relationship, career transitions or facing the unexpected “curve balls” of mental health and addictions, we can work together to understand how best to face them.
(571) 556-3731 View (571) 556-3731
Erin K Sweeney
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Sweeney is a clinical psychologist with specialized training in neuropsychological assessment. She conducts comprehensive evaluations of young adult to geriatric patients with a variety of issues related to problems with attention, behavioral concerns, psychological functioning, trauma, and neuropsychological correlates to complex medical conditions. She is available for continued consultation regarding testing results and individual therapy with patients with the above conditions.
Dr. Sweeney is a clinical psychologist with specialized training in neuropsychological assessment. She conducts comprehensive evaluations of young adult to geriatric patients with a variety of issues related to problems with attention, behavioral concerns, psychological functioning, trauma, and neuropsychological correlates to complex medical conditions. She is available for continued consultation regarding testing results and individual therapy with patients with the above conditions.
(202) 318-5073 View (202) 318-5073
Photo of Jordan M Nacht, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Jordan M Nacht
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
My work tends to attract clients who are ready to outgrow old patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion that no longer serve them. The clients I work with have been through pain - like myself - and need someone to help them fully heal, forgive, and pull the greatness from their pain. Such pain may present as depression, anxiety, relational issues, professional stress, lack of fulfillment, anger, etc. Whatever the symptom, we will trace the fruit back to its roots, plant new seeds, starve the old, and grow the new. I LOVE my work and was born to do it. I look forward to laughing, crying, striving, growing, and learning together.
My work tends to attract clients who are ready to outgrow old patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion that no longer serve them. The clients I work with have been through pain - like myself - and need someone to help them fully heal, forgive, and pull the greatness from their pain. Such pain may present as depression, anxiety, relational issues, professional stress, lack of fulfillment, anger, etc. Whatever the symptom, we will trace the fruit back to its roots, plant new seeds, starve the old, and grow the new. I LOVE my work and was born to do it. I look forward to laughing, crying, striving, growing, and learning together.
(754) 253-8736 View (754) 253-8736
Photo of Laila Cooper, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Laila Cooper
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Congratulations on making it this far; searching for a therapist can be an overwhelming process! Many individuals struggle with depression, anxiety, struggles with sex and relationships, or simply the desire to understand themselves more thoroughly. Whether to improve mood and functioning, improve relationships, or work on issues with sex/sexuality, therapy can be reparative, strengthening, and play a role in maximizing enjoyment of life! I work from an affirming and social justice approach with the LGBTQIA community and people of color, and I am kink- and non-monogamy informed and affirming.
Congratulations on making it this far; searching for a therapist can be an overwhelming process! Many individuals struggle with depression, anxiety, struggles with sex and relationships, or simply the desire to understand themselves more thoroughly. Whether to improve mood and functioning, improve relationships, or work on issues with sex/sexuality, therapy can be reparative, strengthening, and play a role in maximizing enjoyment of life! I work from an affirming and social justice approach with the LGBTQIA community and people of color, and I am kink- and non-monogamy informed and affirming.
(703) 291-1498 View (703) 291-1498
Photo of Ellen M Neal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Ellen M Neal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22033  (Online Only)
For whatever reason you've made your way here. Whatever the reason is, I want you to know this-your thoughts and feelings...are safe with me. Maybe you don't have specific goals defined. Maybe you aren't sure where to start in therapy. That's ok. What you do know is that you want to feel better. The ultimate goal is to be able to manage one's own personal challenges, resulting in emotional stability, peace of mind, and a better life. A major predictor of success in therapy is the relationship between therapist and client. I see myself as your agent for change. When you are ready call for an appointment at 703-220-0107.
For whatever reason you've made your way here. Whatever the reason is, I want you to know this-your thoughts and feelings...are safe with me. Maybe you don't have specific goals defined. Maybe you aren't sure where to start in therapy. That's ok. What you do know is that you want to feel better. The ultimate goal is to be able to manage one's own personal challenges, resulting in emotional stability, peace of mind, and a better life. A major predictor of success in therapy is the relationship between therapist and client. I see myself as your agent for change. When you are ready call for an appointment at 703-220-0107.
(571) 441-5123 View (571) 441-5123
Photo of Hannah Moss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Hannah Moss
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
The therapeutic relationship is one of the most important tools for enabling life changes. I see counseling as a collaborative relationship between myself & each client. I apply developmental & attachment theory to help you understand the important relationships & attachments in your life, which impact who you become. By processing these complex relationships & attachments, we can work towards identifying patterns & forming new ways of thinking & coping. I specialize in trauma, depression, & anxiety. I serve adolescents, young adults, & adults of all races, genders, & sexual orientations.
The therapeutic relationship is one of the most important tools for enabling life changes. I see counseling as a collaborative relationship between myself & each client. I apply developmental & attachment theory to help you understand the important relationships & attachments in your life, which impact who you become. By processing these complex relationships & attachments, we can work towards identifying patterns & forming new ways of thinking & coping. I specialize in trauma, depression, & anxiety. I serve adolescents, young adults, & adults of all races, genders, & sexual orientations.
(814) 212-4722 View (814) 212-4722
Photo of Grae Worthington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Grae Worthington
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a passionate advocate for my clients & have extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults, & families. I specialize in working with populations struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and grief & loss. My therapeutic approach is tailored to each individual, but often utilizes Person-centered counseling, Solution-focused Brief counseling, & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
I am a passionate advocate for my clients & have extensive experience working with children, adolescents, adults, & families. I specialize in working with populations struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and grief & loss. My therapeutic approach is tailored to each individual, but often utilizes Person-centered counseling, Solution-focused Brief counseling, & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(571) 351-1055 View (571) 351-1055
Photo of Jennifer L Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Jennifer L Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Not accepting new clients
Making the decision to seek help from a therapist is a hard one that takes courage, so you deserve credit for coming to this point. I believe that the relationship between you and your therapist is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic process. Therefore, I will work very hard to build trust and rapport with you, in order to give you a place that you feel safe opening up about your feelings, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses. I work with older teens (18+), adults, and parents helping to create change where they identify a concern.
Making the decision to seek help from a therapist is a hard one that takes courage, so you deserve credit for coming to this point. I believe that the relationship between you and your therapist is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic process. Therefore, I will work very hard to build trust and rapport with you, in order to give you a place that you feel safe opening up about your feelings, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses. I work with older teens (18+), adults, and parents helping to create change where they identify a concern.
(571) 200-5298 View (571) 200-5298
Photo of Racquel Semeraro in Fairfax, VA
Racquel Semeraro
LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you ready to change your life? As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have worked with individual, couples and families for over twenty years. My goal is to help you enhance your life, improve your overall functioning and have a better understanding on how to care for yourself. My approach is gentle but direct and strength based.
Are you ready to change your life? As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have worked with individual, couples and families for over twenty years. My goal is to help you enhance your life, improve your overall functioning and have a better understanding on how to care for yourself. My approach is gentle but direct and strength based.
(571) 222-4958 View (571) 222-4958
Photo of Christina Frank, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Christina Frank
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Teletherapy/In-Person Available. I own and run a private practice in Fairfax, VA- Fairfax Integrative Therapy. Using a strengths-based approach, I help individuals and couples achieve their internal and relational goals. I incorporate attachment based models to help clients build self-awareness as they address issues related to marital conflict, infidelity, difficult life transitions, personal insecurities, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I create a safe space through empathy, patience, and curiosity, while providing each individual and couple concrete strategies and clear feedback that becomes the foundation for lasting change.
Teletherapy/In-Person Available. I own and run a private practice in Fairfax, VA- Fairfax Integrative Therapy. Using a strengths-based approach, I help individuals and couples achieve their internal and relational goals. I incorporate attachment based models to help clients build self-awareness as they address issues related to marital conflict, infidelity, difficult life transitions, personal insecurities, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I create a safe space through empathy, patience, and curiosity, while providing each individual and couple concrete strategies and clear feedback that becomes the foundation for lasting change.
(571) 339-0446 View (571) 339-0446
Photo of Sylvia Hanna Jacoub, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Sylvia Hanna Jacoub
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
When feelings of worry, irritability, sadness, anger or the curve balls life throws at you become overwhelming, they can begin to interfere with your ability to be fully present at home, work, or in your relationships. Sometimes these feelings may be related to current life stressors, or they may have deeper roots that make them feel harder to untangle. I can help you by providing a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment to begin the process of self-exploration and healing .I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive experience working with adolescents and adults from diverse cultural backgrounds.
When feelings of worry, irritability, sadness, anger or the curve balls life throws at you become overwhelming, they can begin to interfere with your ability to be fully present at home, work, or in your relationships. Sometimes these feelings may be related to current life stressors, or they may have deeper roots that make them feel harder to untangle. I can help you by providing a warm, safe, and non-judgmental environment to begin the process of self-exploration and healing .I am a licensed clinical psychologist with extensive experience working with adolescents and adults from diverse cultural backgrounds.
(571) 339-5501 View (571) 339-5501
Photo of Nina Rosenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Nina Rosenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Therapy provides a safe space for you to share your story, connect to your inner world & nurture yourself in order to promote healing and growth. Through the use of traditional talk therapy, body based work, mindfulness, & expressive modalities my hope is for clients to walk away feeling seen, heard, & empowered to face challenges that are prevalent in their lives. My intention is to create a therapeutic alliance rooted in compassion, kindness, and empathy in order for clients to embody their truest self.
Therapy provides a safe space for you to share your story, connect to your inner world & nurture yourself in order to promote healing and growth. Through the use of traditional talk therapy, body based work, mindfulness, & expressive modalities my hope is for clients to walk away feeling seen, heard, & empowered to face challenges that are prevalent in their lives. My intention is to create a therapeutic alliance rooted in compassion, kindness, and empathy in order for clients to embody their truest self.
(571) 520-4964 View (571) 520-4964

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fairfax, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fairfax, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
72% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fairfax, VA see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fairfax?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.