Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Mason Alexander Kinghorn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Mason Alexander Kinghorn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63116  (Online Only)
Available Appt. Hours: Monday-Friday 11am-5pm. Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, feeling disconnected from others, or the way your life has been impacted by trauma? Are you searching for happiness or meaning in your relationships, your work, or in life in general? If any of this resonates with you, I may have the type of professional experience that would be helpful to you. I work with adults (18+) providing virtual therapy. I have additional experience with anger management, life transitions, LGBTQIA+ related issues, and low self-esteem. I am proud to provide gender-affirming care.
Available Appt. Hours: Monday-Friday 11am-5pm. Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, feeling disconnected from others, or the way your life has been impacted by trauma? Are you searching for happiness or meaning in your relationships, your work, or in life in general? If any of this resonates with you, I may have the type of professional experience that would be helpful to you. I work with adults (18+) providing virtual therapy. I have additional experience with anger management, life transitions, LGBTQIA+ related issues, and low self-esteem. I am proud to provide gender-affirming care.
(314) 730-0097 View (314) 730-0097
Photo of Yvette Sanchez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Saint Louis, MO
Yvette Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PLMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
We all need help at some point, and it has been especially difficult for many individuals to navigate life these past few years. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, generational trauma, or family conflict, I can walk along this path with you. You are not alone. If you are struggling with life transitions such as adjusting to college, the death of a loved one, new marriage, or a relationship, and need someone to validate your experiences in an empathetic and non-judgmental environment, I am here to help. Seeking support can be frightening at first, but it's one of the bravest and most important steps you can take.
We all need help at some point, and it has been especially difficult for many individuals to navigate life these past few years. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, generational trauma, or family conflict, I can walk along this path with you. You are not alone. If you are struggling with life transitions such as adjusting to college, the death of a loved one, new marriage, or a relationship, and need someone to validate your experiences in an empathetic and non-judgmental environment, I am here to help. Seeking support can be frightening at first, but it's one of the bravest and most important steps you can take.
(314) 742-7741 View (314) 742-7741
Photo of Paige Lynch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Paige Lynch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
I work with those who struggle with trauma, relationship problems, and not taking care of oneself first. I have experience working with those who have sexual abuse or assault histories, trauma within problematic relationships, and compassion fatigue. Trauma comes in all sizes and from a variety of experiences, so do not discount what you have lived through. No matter the circumstances that bring you into therapy, we will spend time healing your wounds to help you grow into the person you wish to be, with a stronger sense of safety.
I work with those who struggle with trauma, relationship problems, and not taking care of oneself first. I have experience working with those who have sexual abuse or assault histories, trauma within problematic relationships, and compassion fatigue. Trauma comes in all sizes and from a variety of experiences, so do not discount what you have lived through. No matter the circumstances that bring you into therapy, we will spend time healing your wounds to help you grow into the person you wish to be, with a stronger sense of safety.
(314) 328-7597 View (314) 328-7597
Photo of Michael Deal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Michael Deal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
When working with individuals, I aim to help them through a collaborative process to understand the underlying issues that are causing them to not live up to their potential. The model which I employ assumes that many of our struggles are connected to conflicts within us of which we are not completely aware. I feel that therapy is most effective when the entire person's personality and history are considered instead of just focusing on current problematic behaviors. My work focuses on recognizing long standing relationship patterns that are troublesome as well as developing a more emotionally stable and adaptive personality.
When working with individuals, I aim to help them through a collaborative process to understand the underlying issues that are causing them to not live up to their potential. The model which I employ assumes that many of our struggles are connected to conflicts within us of which we are not completely aware. I feel that therapy is most effective when the entire person's personality and history are considered instead of just focusing on current problematic behaviors. My work focuses on recognizing long standing relationship patterns that are troublesome as well as developing a more emotionally stable and adaptive personality.
(314) 561-7106 View (314) 561-7106
Photo of J. Douglas Pettinelli, Ph.D., Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
J. Douglas Pettinelli, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families from a relational, trauma informed, attachment informed, developmental perspective. Trained in child psychotherapy, couples therapy and family therapy, I work to understand clients within the context of their primary and family relationships. I especially enjoy working with couples and families. I work to identify the emotional and interpersonal obstacles to further growth, and build on the strength and resilience of the individual, couple and family. .I have experience working with children and adolescents experiencing the full range of emotional, social and developmental difficulties.
I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families from a relational, trauma informed, attachment informed, developmental perspective. Trained in child psychotherapy, couples therapy and family therapy, I work to understand clients within the context of their primary and family relationships. I especially enjoy working with couples and families. I work to identify the emotional and interpersonal obstacles to further growth, and build on the strength and resilience of the individual, couple and family. .I have experience working with children and adolescents experiencing the full range of emotional, social and developmental difficulties.
(314) 858-5040 View (314) 858-5040
Photo of Hilary Kelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Hilary Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63144
It takes courage to walk in and sit down with someone to share your story. An honest story that includes stress, anxieties, sadness, grief, and emotional suffering. My intention as a therapist is to create a safe and inclusive space for clients. This space allows individuals to open up and be present with the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that make up the human experience. I currently specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
It takes courage to walk in and sit down with someone to share your story. An honest story that includes stress, anxieties, sadness, grief, and emotional suffering. My intention as a therapist is to create a safe and inclusive space for clients. This space allows individuals to open up and be present with the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that make up the human experience. I currently specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
(314) 804-2286 View (314) 804-2286
Photo of Matthew James Murtaugh, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Matthew James Murtaugh
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63104  (Online Only)
I am looking forward to meeting you. Sometimes life is confusing and hard. Maybe you need more understanding of yourself. We can add coping skills to help. You might have trouble navigating your emotions. There could be trauma that is hindering your growth. Let us work together to improve your life!
I am looking forward to meeting you. Sometimes life is confusing and hard. Maybe you need more understanding of yourself. We can add coping skills to help. You might have trouble navigating your emotions. There could be trauma that is hindering your growth. Let us work together to improve your life!
(314) 501-7516 View (314) 501-7516
Photo of Alice Kinsella, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Alice Kinsella
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
6-8 sessions may be all you need. Do you often think/say to yourself: “I should know this?” “I’ve read all the self-help books.” “I’ve done therapy in the past.” "I was doing great." “What are you going to tell me that I don’t already know?” or "I have never done this before" I get it. I work with negative, self-limiting beliefs and past traumas that may be holding you back.
6-8 sessions may be all you need. Do you often think/say to yourself: “I should know this?” “I’ve read all the self-help books.” “I’ve done therapy in the past.” "I was doing great." “What are you going to tell me that I don’t already know?” or "I have never done this before" I get it. I work with negative, self-limiting beliefs and past traumas that may be holding you back.
(314) 328-7516 View (314) 328-7516
Photo of Caitlin McDaniel, LPC Intern in Saint Louis, MO
Caitlin McDaniel
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
If you are anything like me, you know that life is not only hard, it can sometimes feel impossible. Fortunately, counseling can be both a refuge and a catalyst for life-changing growth. I believe there’s something mysterious within all of us that already knows what we need and how to get there - sometimes we just need support in figuring out what’s getting in the way. There is no world where I am an expert on you, but I am an expert in feeling pretty miserable. And it’s from my own struggles as a complex human that I am able to be a passionately knowledgeable and creative resource for you.
If you are anything like me, you know that life is not only hard, it can sometimes feel impossible. Fortunately, counseling can be both a refuge and a catalyst for life-changing growth. I believe there’s something mysterious within all of us that already knows what we need and how to get there - sometimes we just need support in figuring out what’s getting in the way. There is no world where I am an expert on you, but I am an expert in feeling pretty miserable. And it’s from my own struggles as a complex human that I am able to be a passionately knowledgeable and creative resource for you.
(314) 312-3723 View (314) 312-3723
Photo of Amy Lyons Burke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Amy Lyons Burke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, PLPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
We all experience hardships in our personal lives, professional lives and relationships that can leave us feeling stressed, confused, isolated, anxious or depressed. Many people experience shame about seeing a therapist or feel they should handle emotional or mental issues on their own. I want to reassure you that we can all use a little help sometimes and we aren't meant to go through it alone. My goal in therapy is to create a safe space where my clients can work through the difficulties in life without judgment.
We all experience hardships in our personal lives, professional lives and relationships that can leave us feeling stressed, confused, isolated, anxious or depressed. Many people experience shame about seeing a therapist or feel they should handle emotional or mental issues on their own. I want to reassure you that we can all use a little help sometimes and we aren't meant to go through it alone. My goal in therapy is to create a safe space where my clients can work through the difficulties in life without judgment.
(205) 598-7843 View (205) 598-7843
Photo of Courtney Loosemore, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Courtney Loosemore
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63131
"You are loved and you are safe" are words we long to feel as we walk through our days, months and years. Yet, many of us walk through our days feeling fearful, powerless and alone. It is a brave journey to enter into your story and Courtney counts it a privilege to come along side you as you grow towards hope in the midst of the darkness. Courtney desires to partner with you and together explore how you can begin to live life more fully and see growth in areas of struggle.
"You are loved and you are safe" are words we long to feel as we walk through our days, months and years. Yet, many of us walk through our days feeling fearful, powerless and alone. It is a brave journey to enter into your story and Courtney counts it a privilege to come along side you as you grow towards hope in the midst of the darkness. Courtney desires to partner with you and together explore how you can begin to live life more fully and see growth in areas of struggle.
(314) 632-6815 View (314) 632-6815
Photo of Haddon Kellahan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Haddon Kellahan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Many of us get to a point in life where we realize that we cannot keep doing what we've always done. We are tired, discouraged, and unsure of how things could ever change. Maybe you've been fighting addictive behavior, or perhaps you are feeling weighed down by relentless depression/anxiety? Maybe you and your spouse are constantly arguing and wonder if things could ever get back to the way they used to be? You have tried and hoped for things to be different, but they just aren't...
Many of us get to a point in life where we realize that we cannot keep doing what we've always done. We are tired, discouraged, and unsure of how things could ever change. Maybe you've been fighting addictive behavior, or perhaps you are feeling weighed down by relentless depression/anxiety? Maybe you and your spouse are constantly arguing and wonder if things could ever get back to the way they used to be? You have tried and hoped for things to be different, but they just aren't...
(636) 442-0427 View (636) 442-0427
Photo of John A Ware, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
John A Ware
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, JD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I see my role as one who can help clarify and encourage strategies to strengthen one's ability to navigate through stresses and pain. Together, we can develop plans to deal with challenging issues and life transitions in marriage, family, and professional or work situations. My career and life experiences have provided me with unique real world insights into the issues facing men and women today. I understand people who are coping with the difficult balancing of inter-personal relationships, family relationships, and work-related issues including, with increasing frequency, the stress, anxiety and uncertainty created by job loss or career transition.
I see my role as one who can help clarify and encourage strategies to strengthen one's ability to navigate through stresses and pain. Together, we can develop plans to deal with challenging issues and life transitions in marriage, family, and professional or work situations. My career and life experiences have provided me with unique real world insights into the issues facing men and women today. I understand people who are coping with the difficult balancing of inter-personal relationships, family relationships, and work-related issues including, with increasing frequency, the stress, anxiety and uncertainty created by job loss or career transition.
(314) 596-2940 View (314) 596-2940
Photo of Latasha Barber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Latasha Barber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA Ed, NCC, LPC, SMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63103  (Online Only)
Now Accepting New Clients! When we experience difficult situations in our lives there is nothing more empowering than having a support system to help you find your voice and identity. You have taken a courageous step in seeking counseling and I will provide support and encouragement. I will help in undoing aloneness, increasing one’s capacity to self-love and co create the narrative to become your self at best. You will experience an empathetic, non-judgmental, holistic and strength-based approach to conquering your challenges and relationship barriers.
Now Accepting New Clients! When we experience difficult situations in our lives there is nothing more empowering than having a support system to help you find your voice and identity. You have taken a courageous step in seeking counseling and I will provide support and encouragement. I will help in undoing aloneness, increasing one’s capacity to self-love and co create the narrative to become your self at best. You will experience an empathetic, non-judgmental, holistic and strength-based approach to conquering your challenges and relationship barriers.
(727) 855-3361 View (727) 855-3361
Photo of LGBTQ+ Counseling St. Louis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
LGBTQ+ Counseling St. Louis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
While I provide individual and relationship counseling for all people, my special interest is to support marginalized populations. My primary expertise is providing counseling and supportive services for the LGBTQ+ constituency. As human beings, we all struggle with feelings of not being good enough, important enough, lovable or able to love. These feelings embed themselves very early in life producing defense mechanisms, although no longer needed, continue to operate below the surface, wreaking havoc on life, relationships and success. The battle is often a daily one; sometimes minute by minute. Don't suffer alone.
While I provide individual and relationship counseling for all people, my special interest is to support marginalized populations. My primary expertise is providing counseling and supportive services for the LGBTQ+ constituency. As human beings, we all struggle with feelings of not being good enough, important enough, lovable or able to love. These feelings embed themselves very early in life producing defense mechanisms, although no longer needed, continue to operate below the surface, wreaking havoc on life, relationships and success. The battle is often a daily one; sometimes minute by minute. Don't suffer alone.
(314) 270-1852 View (314) 270-1852
Photo of Wasma Aliya, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Wasma Aliya
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Many of us go our entire lives with the feeling of being unseen and unheard. Some of us experience this so fully that we may even feel trapped in the stories others have written for us. What would it be like to feel accepted as you are? To show up authentically and know that was enough? You don’t need to be strong, happy, or put-together. We can embrace your beautiful mess and find your story of triumph together. It will take effort and may be tough at times, but I will go with you! I have experience working with adolescents, students, and adults on a wide variety of issues, such as homesickness, depression and low self esteem.
Many of us go our entire lives with the feeling of being unseen and unheard. Some of us experience this so fully that we may even feel trapped in the stories others have written for us. What would it be like to feel accepted as you are? To show up authentically and know that was enough? You don’t need to be strong, happy, or put-together. We can embrace your beautiful mess and find your story of triumph together. It will take effort and may be tough at times, but I will go with you! I have experience working with adolescents, students, and adults on a wide variety of issues, such as homesickness, depression and low self esteem.
(314) 886-8652 View (314) 886-8652
Photo of The Right Solution Counseling Service, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
The Right Solution Counseling Service
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
The Right Solution offers counseling services for individuals, families and children. We offer both in person and tele-health options.
The Right Solution offers counseling services for individuals, families and children. We offer both in person and tele-health options.
(314) 315-4348 View (314) 315-4348
Photo of Tana Steffens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Tana Steffens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Waitlist for new clients
I frequently work with people who have a lot of moving parts in their lives. Whether you’re navigating traumatic experiences, exploring components of identity, or wading through overwhelming seasons of life in other ways, my goal is to help you sift through it all and provide support to process at your own pace. I'm comfortable navigating many of the other pieces that come with trauma or overwhelm - managing episodes of depression, mitigating anxiety, and creating spaces that make life feel worth living.
I frequently work with people who have a lot of moving parts in their lives. Whether you’re navigating traumatic experiences, exploring components of identity, or wading through overwhelming seasons of life in other ways, my goal is to help you sift through it all and provide support to process at your own pace. I'm comfortable navigating many of the other pieces that come with trauma or overwhelm - managing episodes of depression, mitigating anxiety, and creating spaces that make life feel worth living.
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Photo of Greg Rieger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Greg Rieger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
If you're struggling and needing some help, you've already made the first important step. I work with clients who have problems in everyday living, including difficulties with anxiety, depression, panic and bipolar disorder. I've also worked with people who experience more serious problems like suicidal and self-harm thoughts and actions and impulsivity. I have 15 years of experience treating adults, adolescents and families, parents of adolescents and young adults, people struggling with grief and loss, and members of the LGBTQ+ population. Visit my web site at www.riegertherapy.com and please feel free to reach out.
If you're struggling and needing some help, you've already made the first important step. I work with clients who have problems in everyday living, including difficulties with anxiety, depression, panic and bipolar disorder. I've also worked with people who experience more serious problems like suicidal and self-harm thoughts and actions and impulsivity. I have 15 years of experience treating adults, adolescents and families, parents of adolescents and young adults, people struggling with grief and loss, and members of the LGBTQ+ population. Visit my web site at www.riegertherapy.com and please feel free to reach out.
(314) 936-2108 View (314) 936-2108
Photo of Dr. A. P. Carmichael, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Dr. A. P. Carmichael
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MEd, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Waitlist for new clients
Relationships are part of what makes us human. We thrive when connected with others. I am passionate about helping people create and maintain healthy and loving relationships. I work with couples, families, and individuals and have strong experience working with LGBTQ clients. I make it a priority to create a safe space for all of my clients. It is through this atmosphere of acceptance that we can work together to create true change and growth. I work with individuals, families and couples who are going through a crisis, or those who are simply looking to strengthen their relationships.
Relationships are part of what makes us human. We thrive when connected with others. I am passionate about helping people create and maintain healthy and loving relationships. I work with couples, families, and individuals and have strong experience working with LGBTQ clients. I make it a priority to create a safe space for all of my clients. It is through this atmosphere of acceptance that we can work together to create true change and growth. I work with individuals, families and couples who are going through a crisis, or those who are simply looking to strengthen their relationships.
(314) 682-4859 View (314) 682-4859

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.