Photo of Michael 'big Dog' Abell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Michael 'big Dog' Abell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85034
I specialize in Adjustment to loss,Grief, and Marriage and Family Therapy.
As you search for a solution to the problem you are facing, you may feel that you are in the dark. My goal as a therapist is to help you find your eyes in the dark. Together we will seek to identify the problem and help you to stand against it. We will evaluate your unique story and work to rewrite it towards the preferred outcome that you will define. My unique perspective as a counselor with a visual impairment qualifies me to provide a view of the problem that is different than most counselors.
I specialize in Adjustment to loss,Grief, and Marriage and Family Therapy.
As you search for a solution to the problem you are facing, you may feel that you are in the dark. My goal as a therapist is to help you find your eyes in the dark. Together we will seek to identify the problem and help you to stand against it. We will evaluate your unique story and work to rewrite it towards the preferred outcome that you will define. My unique perspective as a counselor with a visual impairment qualifies me to provide a view of the problem that is different than most counselors.
(602) 313-1807 View (602) 313-1807
Photo of Mary Anne Stich, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Mary Anne Stich
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LISAC, MAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016
Waitlist for new clients
Let's discover what might be holding you back! Maybe it's learning to set healthy boundaries, dealing with family dysfunction, dealing with abuse or attachment issues.
I specialize in meeting my clients where they are in their journey Everyone has their own unique story and I take the time to listen and work with you to help you discover how to live your best life! I became a counselor to understand the topic of addiction, with its capacity to destroy lives and relationships, and to encourage people to turn their life around and live with purpose and meaning. I've worked passionately alongside clients and their families at different programs in the Valley and have extensive experience helping people live an authentic, meaningful life and I can help you too!
Let's discover what might be holding you back! Maybe it's learning to set healthy boundaries, dealing with family dysfunction, dealing with abuse or attachment issues.
I specialize in meeting my clients where they are in their journey Everyone has their own unique story and I take the time to listen and work with you to help you discover how to live your best life! I became a counselor to understand the topic of addiction, with its capacity to destroy lives and relationships, and to encourage people to turn their life around and live with purpose and meaning. I've worked passionately alongside clients and their families at different programs in the Valley and have extensive experience helping people live an authentic, meaningful life and I can help you too!
(602) 786-9024 View (602) 786-9024
Photo of Elijah Garcia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Elijah Garcia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
Elijah utilizes multiple treatment approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), sand tray, play therapy, family therapy, EMDR eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, trauma therapy, and solutions-focused therapy (SFT), depending on individual needs.
Elijah Garcia is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 9 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate and dedicated to working with adolescents, young teenagers and adults to address their unique daily challenges. Elijah understands the demand for advocacy, support and skill building through the specialization in anxiety, depression, family conflicts, history of trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, self-esteem, and everyday distress.
Elijah utilizes multiple treatment approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), sand tray, play therapy, family therapy, EMDR eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, trauma therapy, and solutions-focused therapy (SFT), depending on individual needs.
Elijah Garcia is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 9 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate and dedicated to working with adolescents, young teenagers and adults to address their unique daily challenges. Elijah understands the demand for advocacy, support and skill building through the specialization in anxiety, depression, family conflicts, history of trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, self-esteem, and everyday distress.
(602) 833-7889 View (602) 833-7889
Photo of Lisa J. Cole, LPC, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Lisa J. Cole, LPC
Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
I've been practicing in the Valley for over 23 years. My approach to therapy is humanistic/existential and strengths based which is individualized to meet the unique needs of the individual, couple or family. I have extensive experience working with individuals aged 11-85 in the forensic and private settings. I have morning, afternoon and evening appointments available. Rapport between you and your therapist is key...good luck with your search. All services are provided telemed via telephone or video. To request/schedule an appt. copy and paste this into your browser: www.therapyportal.com/p/lisajcole/
I've been practicing in the Valley for over 23 years. My approach to therapy is humanistic/existential and strengths based which is individualized to meet the unique needs of the individual, couple or family. I have extensive experience working with individuals aged 11-85 in the forensic and private settings. I have morning, afternoon and evening appointments available. Rapport between you and your therapist is key...good luck with your search. All services are provided telemed via telephone or video. To request/schedule an appt. copy and paste this into your browser: www.therapyportal.com/p/lisajcole/
(480) 420-9426 View (480) 420-9426
Photo of Steven Straley, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Phoenix, AZ
Steven Straley
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
I am a Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist from state of Arizona.
I am experienced working with individuals and couples in navigating issues related to depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, abuse, gender identity and expression, family relationships, communication, self-worth, sexuality, and intimacy. My therapeutic style focuses on building connections, emotional expressiveness, and developing self-worth in my clients. Being our true selves in every aspect of our life, including being open and honest about our feelings in a safe environment, is a prerequisite for healing.
I am a Licensed Associate Marriage and Family Therapist from state of Arizona.
I am experienced working with individuals and couples in navigating issues related to depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, abuse, gender identity and expression, family relationships, communication, self-worth, sexuality, and intimacy. My therapeutic style focuses on building connections, emotional expressiveness, and developing self-worth in my clients. Being our true selves in every aspect of our life, including being open and honest about our feelings in a safe environment, is a prerequisite for healing.
(623) 292-6360 View (623) 292-6360
Photo of Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC, CCTP, CAGSSAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85027
At Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions we believe whole people connecting with one another enhances the well-being of the family and the community. Similarly, people living and working together as whole communities will make the world better for all of us. Additionally, we all need places where we can speak without fear of judgement or rejection. When these needs are met, barriers to growth and well being can be removed. Our goal is to provide an environment that fosters the kind of individual growth that comes from intentional change by promoting health, healing and restoration.
At Dynamic Counseling and Coaching Solutions we believe whole people connecting with one another enhances the well-being of the family and the community. Similarly, people living and working together as whole communities will make the world better for all of us. Additionally, we all need places where we can speak without fear of judgement or rejection. When these needs are met, barriers to growth and well being can be removed. Our goal is to provide an environment that fosters the kind of individual growth that comes from intentional change by promoting health, healing and restoration.
(602) 598-5373 View (602) 598-5373
Photo of Michael Loverde in Phoenix, AZ
Michael Loverde
MHS, CIP, CEO, Founder
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85027
Mission Statement: To provide every family of a loved one with a substance use or mental disorder the opportunity for closure, knowing they did all they could to help themselves and their loved one.
An intervention is not about how to control your loved one with a substance use or mental disorder; it is about learning how to let go of believing you can. A person enables for various reasons, often having little to do with someone suffering from a substance use or mental disorder. Most people understand that enabling a loved one with a mental disorder or to use substances often removes their ability to face the consequences, see the need for change, and advocate for their own care. The question is not about what the enabling provides for the substance user but more what it provides to the enabler.
Mission Statement: To provide every family of a loved one with a substance use or mental disorder the opportunity for closure, knowing they did all they could to help themselves and their loved one.
An intervention is not about how to control your loved one with a substance use or mental disorder; it is about learning how to let go of believing you can. A person enables for various reasons, often having little to do with someone suffering from a substance use or mental disorder. Most people understand that enabling a loved one with a mental disorder or to use substances often removes their ability to face the consequences, see the need for change, and advocate for their own care. The question is not about what the enabling provides for the substance user but more what it provides to the enabler.
(877) 333-0783 View (877) 333-0783
Photo of Intercessory Counseling & Wellness, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Intercessory Counseling & Wellness, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LISAC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85029
Pornography, drug or alcohol abuse, anxiety, depression? Family and relationship problems? Let's look behind the behavior to what is really driving it.
Our practice is a communion of science and faith: the latest evidence-based psychotherapy modalities combined with ancient and medieval philosophy. we rely on the work of Greek and Roman thinkers, as well as Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Ignatius of Loyola, and others. If you are willing to put in the work, we will maximize your time to help you become more authentically YOU. No matter what you're going through, there are some things that can always help. Breathing. Grounding work. Positive self-talk. When we meet we would tailor a treatment program to meet your needs. Appointments are available days, evenings, and Saturdays.
Pornography, drug or alcohol abuse, anxiety, depression? Family and relationship problems? Let's look behind the behavior to what is really driving it.
Our practice is a communion of science and faith: the latest evidence-based psychotherapy modalities combined with ancient and medieval philosophy. we rely on the work of Greek and Roman thinkers, as well as Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Ignatius of Loyola, and others. If you are willing to put in the work, we will maximize your time to help you become more authentically YOU. No matter what you're going through, there are some things that can always help. Breathing. Grounding work. Positive self-talk. When we meet we would tailor a treatment program to meet your needs. Appointments are available days, evenings, and Saturdays.
(602) 786-7283 View (602) 786-7283
Photo of Mitzy Rangel Zaragoza, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Mitzy Rangel Zaragoza
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85023
Mitzy uses a variety of therapeutic techniques to help her clients reach their therapeutic goals including cognitive behavioral therapy, emotionally focused therapy, solution-focused methods, and mindfulness. Her approach to therapy is rooted in attachment theory which considers all aspects of a person's life and family dynamics into the picture as she treats a wide range of relational issues.
Mitzy uses a variety of therapeutic techniques to help her clients reach their therapeutic goals including cognitive behavioral therapy, emotionally focused therapy, solution-focused methods, and mindfulness. Her approach to therapy is rooted in attachment theory which considers all aspects of a person's life and family dynamics into the picture as she treats a wide range of relational issues.
(623) 294-1453 View (623) 294-1453
Photo of Jacob Rundall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Jacob Rundall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85051
I have 5+ years of working with veterans, adults, and teens who have battled trauma, work-related stress, family issues, and mood related disorders.
Pathway to Peace Psychotherapy, PLLC has DAYS, EVENING and WEEKEND appointments available both in office and telehealth! My experience includes working with veterans, first responders, adults and teens to work through trauma, depression, anxiety, help develop coping skills, resiliency, and balance in their lives. I use evidence-based CBT, DBT, IFS and and other techniques which accelerate the brain's response to learning how to change negative beliefs to positive beliefs.
I have 5+ years of working with veterans, adults, and teens who have battled trauma, work-related stress, family issues, and mood related disorders.
Pathway to Peace Psychotherapy, PLLC has DAYS, EVENING and WEEKEND appointments available both in office and telehealth! My experience includes working with veterans, first responders, adults and teens to work through trauma, depression, anxiety, help develop coping skills, resiliency, and balance in their lives. I use evidence-based CBT, DBT, IFS and and other techniques which accelerate the brain's response to learning how to change negative beliefs to positive beliefs.
(602) 598-5692 View (602) 598-5692
Photo of Troy Zaslove, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Troy Zaslove
Counselor, MSMFT, LAC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85028
I use Internal Family Systems (IFS) to help you build awareness of the different parts of your personality that create frustration or disconnection as well as EMDR to help heal from the pain of trauma and post-traumatic stress.
We all have things that we keep in the dark, believing if this ever came to light it would destroy me. But it's never those things that destroy us, it's always the darkness. Shame, self doubt, and trauma all live in the darkness. We push down our feelings and numb out for fear that the vulnerability of feeling the emotions will become overwhelming and we won't be able to cope. But the numbness is isolating and never gets us towards the rich and valuable life that seems out of reach. Hi, my name is Troy and I specialize in helping men connect to themselves and improve the relationships around them.
I use Internal Family Systems (IFS) to help you build awareness of the different parts of your personality that create frustration or disconnection as well as EMDR to help heal from the pain of trauma and post-traumatic stress.
We all have things that we keep in the dark, believing if this ever came to light it would destroy me. But it's never those things that destroy us, it's always the darkness. Shame, self doubt, and trauma all live in the darkness. We push down our feelings and numb out for fear that the vulnerability of feeling the emotions will become overwhelming and we won't be able to cope. But the numbness is isolating and never gets us towards the rich and valuable life that seems out of reach. Hi, my name is Troy and I specialize in helping men connect to themselves and improve the relationships around them.
(602) 786-7141 View (602) 786-7141
Photo of Jacqueline R Armstrong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Jacqueline R Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85022  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with issues like stress, depression, anxiety, grief, military/life balance, relationships problems, addiction, parenting or family conflict? If so, then you have come to the right place. My ideal client is a person who is tired of feeling the way they do and is open and willing to take the steps they need to affect a positive change in their life, even if change feels a little scary at times. If you are looking for a therapist who will go above and beyond to help you find the resources you need then you need not look any further.
Are you struggling with issues like stress, depression, anxiety, grief, military/life balance, relationships problems, addiction, parenting or family conflict? If so, then you have come to the right place. My ideal client is a person who is tired of feeling the way they do and is open and willing to take the steps they need to affect a positive change in their life, even if change feels a little scary at times. If you are looking for a therapist who will go above and beyond to help you find the resources you need then you need not look any further.
(623) 400-2446 View (623) 400-2446
Photo of Dorothy Hurd, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Dorothy Hurd
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Life is often difficult and sometimes you may need help. It is my goal to provide a safe, comfortable and non-judgmental place for you to explore your own thoughts and feelings about your concerns. Whatever you are dealing with; relationships, work, family or individual problems such as grief, anxiety, depression or substance abuse, together we can identify options and create a plan that can help you to feel and function better. You can rediscover the joy in your life.
Life is often difficult and sometimes you may need help. It is my goal to provide a safe, comfortable and non-judgmental place for you to explore your own thoughts and feelings about your concerns. Whatever you are dealing with; relationships, work, family or individual problems such as grief, anxiety, depression or substance abuse, together we can identify options and create a plan that can help you to feel and function better. You can rediscover the joy in your life.
(480) 725-0758 View (480) 725-0758
Photo of Annette Benneche, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Annette Benneche
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD Student, LPC, MS, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85023  (Online Only)
Benneche has a plethora of specialties including individual psychotherapy, trauma (PTSD) and family/couples counseling.
Annette Benneche works within a broad age range - counseling children, adolescents, adults and elders. Mrs. Benneche holds two master level degrees- a Master of Science in Counseling/Psychology, and a Master of Education degree. She is also a PhD. in Psychology doctoral student. She owns SERVE, LLC which operates out of the states of Georgia, Arizona and Nevada, providing quality, virtual, mental health services. SERVE, LLC was initially founded in Macon, GA in 2002 & legally incorporated in March 2006.
Benneche has a plethora of specialties including individual psychotherapy, trauma (PTSD) and family/couples counseling.
Annette Benneche works within a broad age range - counseling children, adolescents, adults and elders. Mrs. Benneche holds two master level degrees- a Master of Science in Counseling/Psychology, and a Master of Education degree. She is also a PhD. in Psychology doctoral student. She owns SERVE, LLC which operates out of the states of Georgia, Arizona and Nevada, providing quality, virtual, mental health services. SERVE, LLC was initially founded in Macon, GA in 2002 & legally incorporated in March 2006.
(775) 235-0388 View (775) 235-0388
Photo of Michael Wright, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Michael Wright
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028
Every child with Autism Spectrum Disorder deserves access to life-changing therapy as quickly as possible. And every family deserves to be a partner in delivering that therapy. My Diagnostic Evaluations - and Ascend's in-home Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy - are premised on swift access to therapy and on our partnership with you. Our priority is to see your child succeed.
Every child with Autism Spectrum Disorder deserves access to life-changing therapy as quickly as possible. And every family deserves to be a partner in delivering that therapy. My Diagnostic Evaluations - and Ascend's in-home Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy - are premised on swift access to therapy and on our partnership with you. Our priority is to see your child succeed.
(775) 560-3345 View (775) 560-3345
Photo of Lauren Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Lauren Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85018  (Online Only)
I am Level 1 trained in Internal Family Systems, a modality which allows for exploration of the many parts of your identity and innermost truths.
I am skilled in working with young adults, adults, & college students who are in a moments of doubt, transition and unease. If you are experiencing low moods, anxiety spirals and difficulty regulating emotions, you are in the right place. I specialize in working with clients to find the roots of their pains. I offer a safe space where we are free to explore how your childhood, relationships, and present environment have impacted who you are. I believe you are the expert of your own life, and empower you to make lasting changes.
I am Level 1 trained in Internal Family Systems, a modality which allows for exploration of the many parts of your identity and innermost truths.
I am skilled in working with young adults, adults, & college students who are in a moments of doubt, transition and unease. If you are experiencing low moods, anxiety spirals and difficulty regulating emotions, you are in the right place. I specialize in working with clients to find the roots of their pains. I offer a safe space where we are free to explore how your childhood, relationships, and present environment have impacted who you are. I believe you are the expert of your own life, and empower you to make lasting changes.
(480) 405-3174 View (480) 405-3174
Photo of Madeline (Maddie) McDowell Rabah, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Madeline (Maddie) McDowell Rabah
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new patients who are 17+ y/o who are located in Arizona and Ohio. I offer individual counseling & IOP level of care for individuals experiencing peer and family relationships, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, negative thoughts, suicidal ideations/self-harm and many more. Please contact me if you have any questions or if you are interested in setting up a consultation!
I am currently accepting new patients who are 17+ y/o who are located in Arizona and Ohio. I offer individual counseling & IOP level of care for individuals experiencing peer and family relationships, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, negative thoughts, suicidal ideations/self-harm and many more. Please contact me if you have any questions or if you are interested in setting up a consultation!
(440) 578-7764 View (440) 578-7764
Photo of Ami Owen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Ami Owen
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CCTP, CCTS
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85032
Dr. Ami Owen received her undergraduate degree in Social Science/Psychology. She received her Master’s in Family Therapy with an advanced emphasis on families and trauma. Dr. Owen also received a Doctorate in Counseling and is a Clinically Certified Trauma Professional. She is Licensed in TX, ID, WA, AZ, FL, CA, UT and a nationally approved supervisor through the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (AAMFT). She takes delight in mentoring therapists on the complexities of family systems and consults with providers across the country to improve systems approaches.
Dr. Ami Owen received her undergraduate degree in Social Science/Psychology. She received her Master’s in Family Therapy with an advanced emphasis on families and trauma. Dr. Owen also received a Doctorate in Counseling and is a Clinically Certified Trauma Professional. She is Licensed in TX, ID, WA, AZ, FL, CA, UT and a nationally approved supervisor through the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (AAMFT). She takes delight in mentoring therapists on the complexities of family systems and consults with providers across the country to improve systems approaches.
(602) 691-7820 View (602) 691-7820
Photo of Jeffrey C Schwartz, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Jeffrey C Schwartz
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LISAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85022
I specialize in providing State funded treatment for problem & compulsive gambling, in a safe & confidential setting. I also treat drug/alcohol addiction. I offer group, individual, family, & couples counseling to adults of all ages. I work with addicts, spouses, affected members, & families during the treatment process to develop a customized approach that best meets each person’s individual needs. My journey has bestowed me with a profound understanding of addiction & — I can help you get your life back!
I specialize in providing State funded treatment for problem & compulsive gambling, in a safe & confidential setting. I also treat drug/alcohol addiction. I offer group, individual, family, & couples counseling to adults of all ages. I work with addicts, spouses, affected members, & families during the treatment process to develop a customized approach that best meets each person’s individual needs. My journey has bestowed me with a profound understanding of addiction & — I can help you get your life back!
(480) 418-1696 View (480) 418-1696
Jerry Brown
Pre-Licensed Professional, MCC, CDVC, CAMP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012
We also handle family court matters.
COUPLES SURVIVAL PROGRAM! Marriage & Relationship counseling and coaching. Chandler and SE Valley and Glendale/ NW Valley. My certifications include the Gottman Method for Couples, the Century Program for Anger Management, and the Abuse No More program for Domestic Violence. The Gottman Method focuses on emotion, skill building for managing conflict, developing new skills for enhancing friendship, and helping couples create a system of shared meaning together. This method is tailored to the couple and the strengths and challenges facing each couple. I welcome the opportunity to help you make your relationship a master relationship rather than a disaster relationship.
We also handle family court matters.
COUPLES SURVIVAL PROGRAM! Marriage & Relationship counseling and coaching. Chandler and SE Valley and Glendale/ NW Valley. My certifications include the Gottman Method for Couples, the Century Program for Anger Management, and the Abuse No More program for Domestic Violence. The Gottman Method focuses on emotion, skill building for managing conflict, developing new skills for enhancing friendship, and helping couples create a system of shared meaning together. This method is tailored to the couple and the strengths and challenges facing each couple. I welcome the opportunity to help you make your relationship a master relationship rather than a disaster relationship.
(480) 719-2829 View (480) 719-2829
Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.