Therapists in Harrisonburg, VA

Photo of Liza E Koonin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harrisonburg, VA
Liza E Koonin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22802
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I am NOT accepting new clients at this time. I am passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community, Autism/ADHD Spectrum and the adoption triad. I am an EMDR informed therapist and currently working towards EMDR certification. I have experience with supporting individuals with managing anxiety, depression and mood disorders, among other mental health concerns. I enjoy working with people in transitional times in their lives, including college and retirement ages.
Welcome! I am NOT accepting new clients at this time. I am passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community, Autism/ADHD Spectrum and the adoption triad. I am an EMDR informed therapist and currently working towards EMDR certification. I have experience with supporting individuals with managing anxiety, depression and mood disorders, among other mental health concerns. I enjoy working with people in transitional times in their lives, including college and retirement ages.
(540) 517-5655 View (540) 517-5655
Photo of Aaron J Boggs, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Aaron J Boggs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
These thoughts keep spinning in your mind. Every time it slows down, something gives it another turn and it just keeps going. You imagine familiar scenarios, images, and disasters over and over again. You're sure something bad is going to happen. It’s not just stress from school, work or the responsibilities at home. The worry and fear get so bad sometimes that they might boil over into panic. Maybe you have become avoidant of the people or places that trigger these feelings, but then in the back of your mind you hear it whispering. You know deep down that you can't go on like this. You can't hide from yourself forever.
These thoughts keep spinning in your mind. Every time it slows down, something gives it another turn and it just keeps going. You imagine familiar scenarios, images, and disasters over and over again. You're sure something bad is going to happen. It’s not just stress from school, work or the responsibilities at home. The worry and fear get so bad sometimes that they might boil over into panic. Maybe you have become avoidant of the people or places that trigger these feelings, but then in the back of your mind you hear it whispering. You know deep down that you can't go on like this. You can't hide from yourself forever.
(540) 253-1803 View (540) 253-1803
Photo of Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harrisonburg, VA
Taylor Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Greetings! I'm Taylor Taylor, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, bringing expertise from both outpatient therapy and inpatient hospital settings. I hold a BSW from James Madison University (Go DUKES!) and an MSW from George Mason University, recently obtaining my LCSW in Virginia. My dedication lies in assisting clients grappling with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, PTSD, grief/loss, and life transitions. It's a privilege to journey with clients as they entrust me with their stories.
Greetings! I'm Taylor Taylor, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, bringing expertise from both outpatient therapy and inpatient hospital settings. I hold a BSW from James Madison University (Go DUKES!) and an MSW from George Mason University, recently obtaining my LCSW in Virginia. My dedication lies in assisting clients grappling with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, PTSD, grief/loss, and life transitions. It's a privilege to journey with clients as they entrust me with their stories.
(540) 441-1450 View (540) 441-1450
Photo of Carolyn Strack, Psychologist in Harrisonburg, VA
Carolyn Strack
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
We all experience the twists and turns of life, and sometimes it can be overwhelming. I recognize that it can be difficult to reach out for help, and honor the vulnerability and courage it takes to do so. I create a safe, collaborative, and non-judgmental environment to work through your difficulties and move toward greater well-being. If you're feeling anxious, depressed, struggling with relationships, experiencing a life transition, or wanting to explore and better understand yourself, therapy can help.
We all experience the twists and turns of life, and sometimes it can be overwhelming. I recognize that it can be difficult to reach out for help, and honor the vulnerability and courage it takes to do so. I create a safe, collaborative, and non-judgmental environment to work through your difficulties and move toward greater well-being. If you're feeling anxious, depressed, struggling with relationships, experiencing a life transition, or wanting to explore and better understand yourself, therapy can help.
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Photo of Gwen Louden-Gerber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Gwen Louden-Gerber
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Are you feeling overwhelmed and looking for more life-balance and meaning? I am a doctoral-level Licensed Professional Counselor with a passion for working with people who seek to attain a greater sense of fulfillment in their lives and relationships. Perhaps you are a busy mom or caregiver? A college or graduate student in the midst of significant life transitions? Or you have completed your counseling degree and are looking for a clinical supervisor? With both clients and LPC supervisees, my primary goal is to form a supportive, collaborative relationship from which to best address your goals and needs.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and looking for more life-balance and meaning? I am a doctoral-level Licensed Professional Counselor with a passion for working with people who seek to attain a greater sense of fulfillment in their lives and relationships. Perhaps you are a busy mom or caregiver? A college or graduate student in the midst of significant life transitions? Or you have completed your counseling degree and are looking for a clinical supervisor? With both clients and LPC supervisees, my primary goal is to form a supportive, collaborative relationship from which to best address your goals and needs.
(540) 613-1863 View (540) 613-1863
Photo of Jenn Parker (The Mind Garden), Pre-Licensed Professional in Harrisonburg, VA
Jenn Parker (The Mind Garden)
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801  (Online Only)
Do you find that you tend to place others’ needs above your own? Or that you frequently tolerate disrespectful behavior, neglect, or manipulation in your relationships? Are you someone who typically "overthinks" situations and decisions? How about when comparing yourself to others – do you feel like you almost always come up short? These questions are connected to a common trait that we all have – self-worth. If you identify with any of these questions, I’m here to help!
Do you find that you tend to place others’ needs above your own? Or that you frequently tolerate disrespectful behavior, neglect, or manipulation in your relationships? Are you someone who typically "overthinks" situations and decisions? How about when comparing yourself to others – do you feel like you almost always come up short? These questions are connected to a common trait that we all have – self-worth. If you identify with any of these questions, I’m here to help!
(703) 783-3031 View (703) 783-3031
Photo of Monica Lawson, Psychologist in Harrisonburg, VA
Monica Lawson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22802
Not accepting new clients
I believe being deeply understood, in the context of a safe and collaborative therapeutic relationship, is the catalyst for healing and transformation. In our work together, what often are considered symptoms are viewed as important messages about one’s lived experiences and psychological needs. We will work together to understand your distress, and the deeper meaning underlying that distress. My focus in therapy is on understanding the root cause of your suffering, and to deeply listen and understand your experiences, and how they have shaped you.
I believe being deeply understood, in the context of a safe and collaborative therapeutic relationship, is the catalyst for healing and transformation. In our work together, what often are considered symptoms are viewed as important messages about one’s lived experiences and psychological needs. We will work together to understand your distress, and the deeper meaning underlying that distress. My focus in therapy is on understanding the root cause of your suffering, and to deeply listen and understand your experiences, and how they have shaped you.
(540) 517-7526 View (540) 517-7526
Photo of Harrisonburg Assessment and Counseling, PLLC, Psychologist in Harrisonburg, VA
Harrisonburg Assessment and Counseling, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801  (Online Only)
Welcome, we are now accepting new clients! Our practice currently includes Dr. Paul Pohto and Dr. Phil Schulte, counseling psychologists licensed in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Together, we offer individual counseling services for adults facing a wide variety of life stressors or psychological concerns. In particular, we aim to help individuals struggling with anxiety, relationship challenges, adjustment concerns, OCD, and ADHD. Our practice is also soon expanding to offer assessment services including neurodevelopmental evaluations for children, and general psychological testing services for children and adults.
Welcome, we are now accepting new clients! Our practice currently includes Dr. Paul Pohto and Dr. Phil Schulte, counseling psychologists licensed in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Together, we offer individual counseling services for adults facing a wide variety of life stressors or psychological concerns. In particular, we aim to help individuals struggling with anxiety, relationship challenges, adjustment concerns, OCD, and ADHD. Our practice is also soon expanding to offer assessment services including neurodevelopmental evaluations for children, and general psychological testing services for children and adults.
(540) 253-1696 View (540) 253-1696
Photo of Amanda Casius, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Amanda Casius
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I am Amanda Casius and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in adolescents and adults.. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma and transition issues. My job as a counselor is to assist my clients in reaching their goals. I want my clients to be in control of their life versus their symptoms and struggles being in control of them. I believe we can all reach our goals and live a fulfilled life, we just need a helping hand to clear the path and see our way a bit better.
Hello! I am Amanda Casius and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in adolescents and adults.. I work with clients dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma and transition issues. My job as a counselor is to assist my clients in reaching their goals. I want my clients to be in control of their life versus their symptoms and struggles being in control of them. I believe we can all reach our goals and live a fulfilled life, we just need a helping hand to clear the path and see our way a bit better.
(540) 560-2963 View (540) 560-2963
Photo of Poling Therapeutic Group , Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Poling Therapeutic Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22802
My counseling experience includes treating adolescents, adults, and couples. My practice is highly individualized to address common symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I treat my clients as unique individuals with their own distinctive concerns impacting their lives. I greatly honor the trust I am given by them to help them navigate difficult times and unexpected life changes. I believe the decision to start the journey towards healing and reconciliation demonstrates a great deal of courage and resolve.
My counseling experience includes treating adolescents, adults, and couples. My practice is highly individualized to address common symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I treat my clients as unique individuals with their own distinctive concerns impacting their lives. I greatly honor the trust I am given by them to help them navigate difficult times and unexpected life changes. I believe the decision to start the journey towards healing and reconciliation demonstrates a great deal of courage and resolve.
(540) 216-0542 View (540) 216-0542
Photo of Carla Turner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Carla Turner
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22802  (Online Only)
If you are reading this, chances are you have been through difficult and painful experiences, and I want you to know that you are not alone. Are you ready to take the first step towards healing? Are you willing to approach therapy with an open mind and a willingness to try new things? If you have experienced childhood trauma, you may be struggling with a wide range of symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, or a general feeling of disconnect from yourself and others. You may also be struggling with issues related to self-worth, trust, sexuality, relationships, substance abuse and boundary setting.
If you are reading this, chances are you have been through difficult and painful experiences, and I want you to know that you are not alone. Are you ready to take the first step towards healing? Are you willing to approach therapy with an open mind and a willingness to try new things? If you have experienced childhood trauma, you may be struggling with a wide range of symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, or a general feeling of disconnect from yourself and others. You may also be struggling with issues related to self-worth, trust, sexuality, relationships, substance abuse and boundary setting.
(540) 426-3055 View (540) 426-3055
Photo of Nora Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harrisonburg, VA
Nora Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Life can come with unexpected challenges and feel overwhelming at times. Sometimes we need additional support as we navigate these complexities and discover our inner capabilities. I believe you are the expert in your own life - we will work together to gain insight into your struggles and move towards healing. Lasting emotional change is possible when we fully and authentically engage ourselves in this work.
Life can come with unexpected challenges and feel overwhelming at times. Sometimes we need additional support as we navigate these complexities and discover our inner capabilities. I believe you are the expert in your own life - we will work together to gain insight into your struggles and move towards healing. Lasting emotional change is possible when we fully and authentically engage ourselves in this work.
(540) 802-4233 View (540) 802-4233
Photo of Julie Crouse, Pre-Licensed Professional in Harrisonburg, VA
Julie Crouse
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMHP-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Not accepting new clients
I am currently accepting new clients! I am a resident in counseling in Harrisonburg, VA. I hope to walk alongside you through the highs and lows of your journey, providing empathy and understanding to your unique experiences. I am mental health advocate for all ages and groups of people, empowering individuals to navigate life's challenges with compassion and resilience.
I am currently accepting new clients! I am a resident in counseling in Harrisonburg, VA. I hope to walk alongside you through the highs and lows of your journey, providing empathy and understanding to your unique experiences. I am mental health advocate for all ages and groups of people, empowering individuals to navigate life's challenges with compassion and resilience.
(540) 401-8723 View (540) 401-8723
Photo of Kadie A King, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Kadie A King
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Not accepting new clients
****Not Accepting New Clients at this time**** Rocktown Counseling LLC, was created in order to meet continued mental health needs in our community after the COVID19 pandemic began. Primarily my work focuses on children, adolescents, parents, and helping families see how the whole family impacts one another. In my 10+ years of experience I have worked with individuals with different abilities, at-risk youth experiencing trauma, and families desiring to develop a deeper attachment. Individual goals range from coping strategies for anxiety/depression, trauma treatment, and attachment parenting.
****Not Accepting New Clients at this time**** Rocktown Counseling LLC, was created in order to meet continued mental health needs in our community after the COVID19 pandemic began. Primarily my work focuses on children, adolescents, parents, and helping families see how the whole family impacts one another. In my 10+ years of experience I have worked with individuals with different abilities, at-risk youth experiencing trauma, and families desiring to develop a deeper attachment. Individual goals range from coping strategies for anxiety/depression, trauma treatment, and attachment parenting.
(540) 426-3855 View (540) 426-3855
Photo of Dana Blauch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Dana Blauch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
My practice focuses on providing a safe, secure space to explore personal and relational healing and growth with individuals. I work with a wide variety of issues and challenges with an overall focus on transforming the wounds of life so that the core self can flourish. Experiences of trauma, relational hurts and beliefs about the self can leave us stuck in pain and disconnection. Together we will explore and restore your birthright of love and connection.
My practice focuses on providing a safe, secure space to explore personal and relational healing and growth with individuals. I work with a wide variety of issues and challenges with an overall focus on transforming the wounds of life so that the core self can flourish. Experiences of trauma, relational hurts and beliefs about the self can leave us stuck in pain and disconnection. Together we will explore and restore your birthright of love and connection.
(540) 573-2254 View (540) 573-2254
Photo of Mental Wellness Now, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Mental Wellness Now, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CHT, CAMF, CMHCS
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22802
ATTENTION: Due to the Corona Virus crisis for safety, I would appreciate you coming to your session with your mask on. For more information, please Call Nancy Pinzon at 540-246-8155. I am here for you. ATTENCION: Debido a la presente crisis del Corona Virus, les agradezco venir a sesion con sus mascaras puestas. Pare preguntas, favor llamar a: Nancy Pinzon at 540-246-8155. Estoy para servirles.
ATTENTION: Due to the Corona Virus crisis for safety, I would appreciate you coming to your session with your mask on. For more information, please Call Nancy Pinzon at 540-246-8155. I am here for you. ATTENCION: Debido a la presente crisis del Corona Virus, les agradezco venir a sesion con sus mascaras puestas. Pare preguntas, favor llamar a: Nancy Pinzon at 540-246-8155. Estoy para servirles.
(540) 699-0110 View (540) 699-0110
Photo of Travis Kessell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Travis Kessell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
In our lives, each of us will need the strength of another person, though, allowing another person to help takes great courage. As a therapist, I strive to provide a place where the courage to ask for help is met with compassion and patience as we embark on the path to healing together. I help clients with many common struggles (e.g., anxiety, depression, etc.) make the changes they want for a more fulfilling life. I work with children as young as 10 years old up through adults in individual, couple, and family settings.
In our lives, each of us will need the strength of another person, though, allowing another person to help takes great courage. As a therapist, I strive to provide a place where the courage to ask for help is met with compassion and patience as we embark on the path to healing together. I help clients with many common struggles (e.g., anxiety, depression, etc.) make the changes they want for a more fulfilling life. I work with children as young as 10 years old up through adults in individual, couple, and family settings.
(540) 426-3060 View (540) 426-3060
Photo of Dena Hollar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Dena Hollar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in adolescents, young adult, and adults. I have been in the mental health profession for 16 years, including 11 of those years as a school counselor. I work with clients with a wide variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, life transitions, and adolescent changes and behaviors.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in adolescents, young adult, and adults. I have been in the mental health profession for 16 years, including 11 of those years as a school counselor. I work with clients with a wide variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, life transitions, and adolescent changes and behaviors.
(540) 426-3744 View (540) 426-3744
Photo of Ginger Neff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Harrisonburg, VA
Ginger Neff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
**I am excited to announce the creation of Harrisonburg Center for Healing! Please visit our Psychology Today profile to learn more about the group practice! As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
**I am excited to announce the creation of Harrisonburg Center for Healing! Please visit our Psychology Today profile to learn more about the group practice! As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(540) 904-4141 View (540) 904-4141
Photo of Anna Cahill, Pre-Licensed Professional in Harrisonburg, VA
Anna Cahill
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMHP-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
I am accepting new clients! I am a resident in counseling in Harrisonburg, VA. Everyone deserves to feel safe, heard, and understood. No matter what life throws at you, you shouldn’t have to handle it on your own. I work to provide a warm, nonjudgmental space for clients from all different walks of life.
I am accepting new clients! I am a resident in counseling in Harrisonburg, VA. Everyone deserves to feel safe, heard, and understood. No matter what life throws at you, you shouldn’t have to handle it on your own. I work to provide a warm, nonjudgmental space for clients from all different walks of life.
(540) 596-5451 View (540) 596-5451

See more therapy options for Harrisonburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Harrisonburg, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Harrisonburg, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
77% Stress
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Anthem | Elevance
79% Aetna
73% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Harrisonburg, VA see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Harrisonburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.