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Online Therapists

Photo of Jacob L Goldshteyn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Jacob L Goldshteyn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
I take an integrative approach to therapy, using CBT, mindfulness, Internal Family Systems model, psychodynamic approach and other eclectic tools consistent with self-understanding and self-acceptance.
It is one of my primary goals to create a safe, trusting, and non-judgmental environment that will allow you to explore difficult topics and gain greater knowledge of yourself, others, and your relationships. I'm a licensed professional counselor experienced in dealing with a range of life issues, including depression, anxiety, addictions, trauma, relationship issues, and identity concerns. The steps needed to make meaningful changes in our lives can be difficult. It is my passion to support others in making such meaningful changes. Change is a journey--you don't have to walk alone.
I take an integrative approach to therapy, using CBT, mindfulness, Internal Family Systems model, psychodynamic approach and other eclectic tools consistent with self-understanding and self-acceptance.
It is one of my primary goals to create a safe, trusting, and non-judgmental environment that will allow you to explore difficult topics and gain greater knowledge of yourself, others, and your relationships. I'm a licensed professional counselor experienced in dealing with a range of life issues, including depression, anxiety, addictions, trauma, relationship issues, and identity concerns. The steps needed to make meaningful changes in our lives can be difficult. It is my passion to support others in making such meaningful changes. Change is a journey--you don't have to walk alone.
(540) 208-5983 View (540) 208-5983
Photo of Anchoring Hope Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Anchoring Hope Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wise, VA 24293
At Anchoring Hope, we are here for you. Our calling is to come alongside you and be a calm presence to help you get unstuck. Ultimately, our goal is to help you develop coping skills as an individual, couple, or family so that you can be successful in life. We cover various issues on a variety of levels. Please check out our website at www.ahchope.com to choose a therapist, complete our online interest form, or to read our blog!
At Anchoring Hope, we are here for you. Our calling is to come alongside you and be a calm presence to help you get unstuck. Ultimately, our goal is to help you develop coping skills as an individual, couple, or family so that you can be successful in life. We cover various issues on a variety of levels. Please check out our website at www.ahchope.com to choose a therapist, complete our online interest form, or to read our blog!
(276) 242-3540 View (276) 242-3540
Photo of Keith Alan Medeiros, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Keith Alan Medeiros
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Abingdon, VA 24210
I have worked with clients experiencing a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, low self esteem, family conflict, addiction issues, relationship conflict, ADHD and parenting concerns.
I believe we all should be able to live as full a life as possible, rich with positive experiences and relationships. Unfortunately, sometimes things get in the way of that goal. When this happens, we may need help getting back on track. That help can come from many forms, and this is where I may be of assistance. As a counselor for eight years working with children, adolescents, adults and families, I have developed an eclectic style utilizing evidence-based treatments including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Structural Family Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy.
I have worked with clients experiencing a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, low self esteem, family conflict, addiction issues, relationship conflict, ADHD and parenting concerns.
I believe we all should be able to live as full a life as possible, rich with positive experiences and relationships. Unfortunately, sometimes things get in the way of that goal. When this happens, we may need help getting back on track. That help can come from many forms, and this is where I may be of assistance. As a counselor for eight years working with children, adolescents, adults and families, I have developed an eclectic style utilizing evidence-based treatments including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Structural Family Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy.
(276) 254-8743 View (276) 254-8743
Photo of Impact Living Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Impact Living Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24012
We offer individual and family therapy to various populations, including adults, teens, children, families and couples.
Are you tired of trying to handle the stresses of life alone? Do you feel like there is something holding you back from helping you reach your full potential? We believe that everyone can benefit from counseling with a skilled and caring professional. We want to help you make meaningful and extraordinary advances in your life, career, relationships, and happiness. We offer EMDR in Fairfax, Harrisonburg, and Lynchburg.
We offer individual and family therapy to various populations, including adults, teens, children, families and couples.
Are you tired of trying to handle the stresses of life alone? Do you feel like there is something holding you back from helping you reach your full potential? We believe that everyone can benefit from counseling with a skilled and caring professional. We want to help you make meaningful and extraordinary advances in your life, career, relationships, and happiness. We offer EMDR in Fairfax, Harrisonburg, and Lynchburg.
(434) 280-3093 View (434) 280-3093
Photo of Roxana Navab-Boushehri, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Roxana Navab-Boushehri
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, VA 24153
I offer individual, couple & family therapy weekdays between 10 a.
From a stay-at-home parent to a business executive ... welcome! I'm here to provide you with the opportunity to look inside, grow aware of your hidden emotions & unfulfilled needs, & resolve persistent issues interfering with your life intentions/goals. I'm here to guide you to examine what's working/not working in your approach to problems & develop an effective plan of action. I'm here to enable you to set your own pace as you target the areas of need in your life in order to strengthen your tolerance & acceptance of yourself & your significant others. Call me!
I offer individual, couple & family therapy weekdays between 10 a.
From a stay-at-home parent to a business executive ... welcome! I'm here to provide you with the opportunity to look inside, grow aware of your hidden emotions & unfulfilled needs, & resolve persistent issues interfering with your life intentions/goals. I'm here to guide you to examine what's working/not working in your approach to problems & develop an effective plan of action. I'm here to enable you to set your own pace as you target the areas of need in your life in order to strengthen your tolerance & acceptance of yourself & your significant others. Call me!
(540) 375-2755 View (540) 375-2755
Photo of Megan Ellis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Megan Ellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LSATP
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24014
I'm excited to talk with you and discuss how I might be a valuable resource for you or a family member along your journey to wellness! So, what are you waiting for? Let's get started together!.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with the problems in your life? Or dealing with an issue that is bigger than what you can handle on your own? You have made a great choice today in reaching out for help. Enduring the difficult times in life can be daunting unless we have the right people surrounding us. You may be experiencing a COVID related problem such as grief and loss, relationship issues, increased anxiety level, or changes in your mood and energy level. Whatever the issue or stress in your life right now, I want you to know that you don't have to go it alone. You are taking the right step in reaching out for help!
I'm excited to talk with you and discuss how I might be a valuable resource for you or a family member along your journey to wellness! So, what are you waiting for? Let's get started together!.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with the problems in your life? Or dealing with an issue that is bigger than what you can handle on your own? You have made a great choice today in reaching out for help. Enduring the difficult times in life can be daunting unless we have the right people surrounding us. You may be experiencing a COVID related problem such as grief and loss, relationship issues, increased anxiety level, or changes in your mood and energy level. Whatever the issue or stress in your life right now, I want you to know that you don't have to go it alone. You are taking the right step in reaching out for help!
(540) 258-4065 View (540) 258-4065
Photo of Jane Cole Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Galax City County, VA
Jane Cole Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Danville, VA 24540  (Online Only)
We will explore establishing appropriate boundaries, setting limits & modeling for a healthier family life.
Our goal in therapy is to help you improve coping skills. We will help you identify current and past stressors. We will learn to talk about feelings rather than internalizing feelings, thereby, decreasing your risk of becoming sick. Verbalizing your goals can prevent you from “acting out” our feelings; “What We Say & What We Do Will Match Up.” We live in a stressful, fast paced, changing world with constant losses daily; no wonder we all feel anxious. Psychotherapy can lead to a deeper understanding of ourselves & others. Being conscious of patterns in our lives can be one of the first steps towards change.
We will explore establishing appropriate boundaries, setting limits & modeling for a healthier family life.
Our goal in therapy is to help you improve coping skills. We will help you identify current and past stressors. We will learn to talk about feelings rather than internalizing feelings, thereby, decreasing your risk of becoming sick. Verbalizing your goals can prevent you from “acting out” our feelings; “What We Say & What We Do Will Match Up.” We live in a stressful, fast paced, changing world with constant losses daily; no wonder we all feel anxious. Psychotherapy can lead to a deeper understanding of ourselves & others. Being conscious of patterns in our lives can be one of the first steps towards change.
(434) 216-2935 View (434) 216-2935
Photo of Holly McCloud, Marriage & Family Therapist in Galax City County, VA
Holly McCloud
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24018
Hello, I am currently accepting clients ages 3 and up. I have experience in a wide variety of mental health, and family issues. I would love to assist you in reaching your personal goals. I also offer Online Counseling if you prefer to stay in the comfort of your home. I am the owner of star city therapy services. We were recently awarded 2022 Best Mental Health Practice for Roanoke. We have a team of therapist who are eager to get you started on the path to a healthier you! www.starcitytherapyservices.org. I also provide Licensure supervision.
Hello, I am currently accepting clients ages 3 and up. I have experience in a wide variety of mental health, and family issues. I would love to assist you in reaching your personal goals. I also offer Online Counseling if you prefer to stay in the comfort of your home. I am the owner of star city therapy services. We were recently awarded 2022 Best Mental Health Practice for Roanoke. We have a team of therapist who are eager to get you started on the path to a healthier you! www.starcitytherapyservices.org. I also provide Licensure supervision.
(540) 518-0957 View (540) 518-0957
Photo of Light Counseling in Galax City County, VA
Light Counseling
Verified Verified
At Light Counseling, our team of professionally trained and compassionate clinicians are here to help you overcome life’s challenges with evidence-based practices and a distinctly Christian approach. Our professionals specialize in helping with many of the following issues: ADD/ADHD, Adolescence Adjustments, Alcohol Abuse and Addictions, Anger Management, Anxiety, Attachment Disorders, Child Abuse/Victim Support, Childhood Behavioral Problems, Compulsions, Depression, Drug Abuse and Addiction, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Infidelity, Marital Stress, Men’s Issues, Obsession, Panic Attacks, Parenting and Step-Parenting Concerns, Phobias, Pornography, Post Traumatic Stress Issues, and more.
At Light Counseling, our team of professionally trained and compassionate clinicians are here to help you overcome life’s challenges with evidence-based practices and a distinctly Christian approach. Our professionals specialize in helping with many of the following issues: ADD/ADHD, Adolescence Adjustments, Alcohol Abuse and Addictions, Anger Management, Anxiety, Attachment Disorders, Child Abuse/Victim Support, Childhood Behavioral Problems, Compulsions, Depression, Drug Abuse and Addiction, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Infidelity, Marital Stress, Men’s Issues, Obsession, Panic Attacks, Parenting and Step-Parenting Concerns, Phobias, Pornography, Post Traumatic Stress Issues, and more.
(434) 425-7702 View (434) 425-7702
Photo of Amanda Saoit, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Galax City County, VA
Amanda Saoit
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, EDMR, CBT, Trauma
Verified Verified
Salem, VA 24153  (Online Only)
Hi there! My name is Amanda and I'm grateful for your courage to take this step. I’ve spent over a decade helping adults, youth (14 & older on case-by-case basis) and families overcome many different challenges: PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, and major life transitions. I also offer therapeutic support to those who want to grow their family through adoption. I use CBT, mindfulness, substance use recovery methods, strengths-based approach and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR). EMDR is scientifically proven as an effective form of treatment for PTSD, depression/anxiety and distressing events.
Hi there! My name is Amanda and I'm grateful for your courage to take this step. I’ve spent over a decade helping adults, youth (14 & older on case-by-case basis) and families overcome many different challenges: PTSD, trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, and major life transitions. I also offer therapeutic support to those who want to grow their family through adoption. I use CBT, mindfulness, substance use recovery methods, strengths-based approach and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR). EMDR is scientifically proven as an effective form of treatment for PTSD, depression/anxiety and distressing events.
(469) 747-0398 View (469) 747-0398
Photo of Breaking Through: A Clinical & Consulting Firm, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Breaking Through: A Clinical & Consulting Firm
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Danville, VA 24541
Navigating the world right now can be extremely challenging especially if you are a woman. Are you the "dependable" friend or family member that is "always there"? Do you have difficulty saying no due to feelings of guilt or fear of acceptance? Have you worked your entire life to do everything just right and now you’re finding difficulty achieving happiness and fulfillment due to excessive worrying and preoccupation with perfectionism? Would you describe yourself as someone who goes after their goals and beats the odds despite life's curved balls? If any of this sounds familiar, then you’ve stumbled on the right profile.
Navigating the world right now can be extremely challenging especially if you are a woman. Are you the "dependable" friend or family member that is "always there"? Do you have difficulty saying no due to feelings of guilt or fear of acceptance? Have you worked your entire life to do everything just right and now you’re finding difficulty achieving happiness and fulfillment due to excessive worrying and preoccupation with perfectionism? Would you describe yourself as someone who goes after their goals and beats the odds despite life's curved balls? If any of this sounds familiar, then you’ve stumbled on the right profile.
(434) 216-0758 View (434) 216-0758
Photo of Matthew D Roberts, Marriage & Family Therapist in Galax City County, VA
Matthew D Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018  (Online Only)
Family relationships are valuable, so I appreciate assisting clients work toward achieving healthier and more fulfilling relationships with one another.
I work with a broad clientele including children ages 10+, adults, families, and couples. Anxiety disorders are a strong interest of mine. I like to collaboratively identify multiple interventions with clients who have goals related to diminishing and managing anxious symptoms. Building a trusting relationship is also important. Ideally, clients will recognize that they have a strong ally in me. I appreciate working with clients interested in learning more about their diagnosis and related symptoms, exploring how they influence them personally and inter-personally, and generally educating themselves about their mental health.
Family relationships are valuable, so I appreciate assisting clients work toward achieving healthier and more fulfilling relationships with one another.
I work with a broad clientele including children ages 10+, adults, families, and couples. Anxiety disorders are a strong interest of mine. I like to collaboratively identify multiple interventions with clients who have goals related to diminishing and managing anxious symptoms. Building a trusting relationship is also important. Ideally, clients will recognize that they have a strong ally in me. I appreciate working with clients interested in learning more about their diagnosis and related symptoms, exploring how they influence them personally and inter-personally, and generally educating themselves about their mental health.
(540) 572-1020 View (540) 572-1020
Photo of Heather H Massey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Heather H Massey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24011
I truly enjoy working with young people and young adults on depression, anxiety and family issues.
To put it bluntly, I am here for you. I want to hear about what is hurting you and stopping you from moving forward in a happy and positive way in your life. I want your input on what the problem is and what plan will work with you personally. We will gather all our information and decide on a plan of action to get you back to where you want to be as quickly as possible and develop a way to keep you there.
I truly enjoy working with young people and young adults on depression, anxiety and family issues.
To put it bluntly, I am here for you. I want to hear about what is hurting you and stopping you from moving forward in a happy and positive way in your life. I want your input on what the problem is and what plan will work with you personally. We will gather all our information and decide on a plan of action to get you back to where you want to be as quickly as possible and develop a way to keep you there.
(540) 784-1876 View (540) 784-1876
Photo of Elizabeth Gillmore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Elizabeth Gillmore
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Vinton, VA 24179
I work in a physician family practice setting so I can easily connect you if needed to physicians and medications and serve as a bridge between you and them.
Having problems navigating the crossroads of life? Depression or anxiety getting you down? Add Covid-19 to the mix and maybe you are dealing with the stress of having the kids home or how to keep your marriage healthy. You wonder how you will survive financial and health changes or, like all of us, you're worried about what is coming next. Licensed as both a professional counselor and a marriage and family therapist I can address all of these concerns.
I work in a physician family practice setting so I can easily connect you if needed to physicians and medications and serve as a bridge between you and them.
Having problems navigating the crossroads of life? Depression or anxiety getting you down? Add Covid-19 to the mix and maybe you are dealing with the stress of having the kids home or how to keep your marriage healthy. You wonder how you will survive financial and health changes or, like all of us, you're worried about what is coming next. Licensed as both a professional counselor and a marriage and family therapist I can address all of these concerns.
(540) 252-0076 View (540) 252-0076
Photo of Scott Cundiff, Marriage & Family Therapist in Galax City County, VA
Scott Cundiff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
Waitlist for new clients
I work with older children, tweens, adolescents, young adults and their parents. I also see individuals struggling with a variety of concerns. I provide couples therapy as well for highly motivated couples who are eager to improve their relationship. Common problem situations I often see: Parenting anxiety, impulse control issues (gaming, pornography etc.), anger control, burn-out, relationship fatigue, difficult family dynamics, anxiety and depression which comes from many sources including traumatic experiences. I also help individuals of all types, often feeling burdoned discover the preferred path that they wish to walk in life.
I work with older children, tweens, adolescents, young adults and their parents. I also see individuals struggling with a variety of concerns. I provide couples therapy as well for highly motivated couples who are eager to improve their relationship. Common problem situations I often see: Parenting anxiety, impulse control issues (gaming, pornography etc.), anger control, burn-out, relationship fatigue, difficult family dynamics, anxiety and depression which comes from many sources including traumatic experiences. I also help individuals of all types, often feeling burdoned discover the preferred path that they wish to walk in life.
(540) 889-3229 x810 View (540) 889-3229 x810
Photo of Jillian Houghton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Jillian Houghton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24019
I lean on a combination of Person-Centered, Polyvagal Theory, Internal Family Systems, ACT, Narrative Therapy, and Somatic Therapy.
Religious trauma… if you know what it means to believe that your heart is deceitful, your mind fallen, your emotions dangerous, and your body sinful because of the feedback from your faith system then you can relate to the backdrop behind what religious trauma survivors are dismantling through their healing journey. Detangling dehumanizing beliefs from our psyche is hard work. If you have learned to not truly trust yourself, you probably know what it feels like to not give yourself permission to identify the truth found in your thoughts, feelings, and physical responses. The work I do is help you identify and navigate the tension.
I lean on a combination of Person-Centered, Polyvagal Theory, Internal Family Systems, ACT, Narrative Therapy, and Somatic Therapy.
Religious trauma… if you know what it means to believe that your heart is deceitful, your mind fallen, your emotions dangerous, and your body sinful because of the feedback from your faith system then you can relate to the backdrop behind what religious trauma survivors are dismantling through their healing journey. Detangling dehumanizing beliefs from our psyche is hard work. If you have learned to not truly trust yourself, you probably know what it feels like to not give yourself permission to identify the truth found in your thoughts, feelings, and physical responses. The work I do is help you identify and navigate the tension.
(540) 266-1891 View (540) 266-1891
Photo of Katie Halsey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Katie Halsey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Abingdon, VA 24210
Katie Halsey holds a license as a LPC in the state of VA and TN. She received her M.Ed. in Human Development & Counseling from Lindsey Wilson College in 2014. Since 2015, Katie has worked with youth in a residential trauma setting with a wide variety of diagnosis. Katie enjoys working with clients of all ages and has a special interest for military, law enforcement, and first responder members. Katie has experience with working with clients in both the individual and family setting.
Katie Halsey holds a license as a LPC in the state of VA and TN. She received her M.Ed. in Human Development & Counseling from Lindsey Wilson College in 2014. Since 2015, Katie has worked with youth in a residential trauma setting with a wide variety of diagnosis. Katie enjoys working with clients of all ages and has a special interest for military, law enforcement, and first responder members. Katie has experience with working with clients in both the individual and family setting.
(276) 945-7386 View (276) 945-7386
Photo of Byron S. Branham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Galax City County, VA
Byron S. Branham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, CCTP, NPT-C
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
Member: Veterans Administration Community Care Network. I strive to create a safe and supportive experience in our work together as you move toward wholeness, stability, and peace. I use a number of proven strategies that are tailored to your needs to help you achieve your goals. Some of the techniques I use are EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Emotional Freedom Technique, to name a few.
Member: Veterans Administration Community Care Network. I strive to create a safe and supportive experience in our work together as you move toward wholeness, stability, and peace. I use a number of proven strategies that are tailored to your needs to help you achieve your goals. Some of the techniques I use are EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Emotional Freedom Technique, to name a few.
(540) 947-1814 View (540) 947-1814
Photo of Linnie Daniel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Galax City County, VA
Linnie Daniel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24015  (Online Only)
Life throws us challenges that can feel like you're stuck in survival mode. You might feel disconnected from the world, having difficulty with relationships, or a sense of confusion about the future.
Life throws us challenges that can feel like you're stuck in survival mode. You might feel disconnected from the world, having difficulty with relationships, or a sense of confusion about the future.
(757) 517-8364 View (757) 517-8364
Photo of Aliya Chapman, Psychologist in Galax City County, VA
Aliya Chapman
Psychologist, PhD, LCP, PMH-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Blacksburg, VA 24060
Pathways Psychology LLC provides therapy, assessment, and consultation for a variety of human needs. We all need support at times to figure out what to do next in important areas of our lives. We can work together to learn more about who you truly are, understand your current struggles, and to come up with an action plan that fits your values and uses your strengths to help you move forward.
Pathways Psychology LLC provides therapy, assessment, and consultation for a variety of human needs. We all need support at times to figure out what to do next in important areas of our lives. We can work together to learn more about who you truly are, understand your current struggles, and to come up with an action plan that fits your values and uses your strengths to help you move forward.
(540) 385-3686 View (540) 385-3686

See more therapy options for Galax City County


Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.