Therapists in Killeen, TX

Photo of Dawn Maria Spradley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Dawn Maria Spradley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
Using an Adlerian approach, I want to encourage and empower clients to use their own strengths to attain their goals. I also specialize in sand-tray therapy-which is an effective intervention that helps clients better articulate their past trauma, feelings and emotions, and has been powerful in the healing of depression, grief, addiction, and anxiety in teens and adults. Our counseling center offers an Intensive Outpatient Program for substance abuse, to include individual and group counseling. Finally, I encourage the client to lead their own sessions to heal.
Using an Adlerian approach, I want to encourage and empower clients to use their own strengths to attain their goals. I also specialize in sand-tray therapy-which is an effective intervention that helps clients better articulate their past trauma, feelings and emotions, and has been powerful in the healing of depression, grief, addiction, and anxiety in teens and adults. Our counseling center offers an Intensive Outpatient Program for substance abuse, to include individual and group counseling. Finally, I encourage the client to lead their own sessions to heal.
(254) 457-4944 View (254) 457-4944
Photo of Dejai Nelson-Parten, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Killeen, TX
Dejai Nelson-Parten
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
I strive to be authentic and human in session with my clients to promote a safe environment. After working 5 years in the field of ABA therapy I took on counseling as I saw a greater need for parents and adults in dealing with an Autism diagnosis. I heavily focus on experiential processing in session with all clients to engage with the deeper emotions. I also strive to work with the communities I have been apart of such as military, LGBTQ+, and mixed race background. I look forward to meeting you.
I strive to be authentic and human in session with my clients to promote a safe environment. After working 5 years in the field of ABA therapy I took on counseling as I saw a greater need for parents and adults in dealing with an Autism diagnosis. I heavily focus on experiential processing in session with all clients to engage with the deeper emotions. I also strive to work with the communities I have been apart of such as military, LGBTQ+, and mixed race background. I look forward to meeting you.
(254) 332-3680 View (254) 332-3680
Photo of Karen Oliphant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Karen Oliphant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76541
Having worked at the R&R Center on Fort Hood for 3 years and in the local area for over 10 years, I have a lot of experience treating PTSD/Combat Stress, depression and anxiety. It is a joy to help clients resolve their issues, and I am dedicated to serving our military and their families. To date, EMDR therapy has helped millions of people of all ages relieve many types of psychological stress.
Having worked at the R&R Center on Fort Hood for 3 years and in the local area for over 10 years, I have a lot of experience treating PTSD/Combat Stress, depression and anxiety. It is a joy to help clients resolve their issues, and I am dedicated to serving our military and their families. To date, EMDR therapy has helped millions of people of all ages relieve many types of psychological stress.
(254) 856-0687 View (254) 856-0687
Photo of James Edward Sweeney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
James Edward Sweeney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
Telehealth Therapy Provided! Are you having problems at home, in your relationships, significant other or your children? Maybe you have a situation at work with your boss or coworkers. Is there an issue is between you and yourself? Hello, my name is James Sweeney, LPC, and I am a retired Army officer that had his own personal bout with PTSD, and understand the meaning of "Being Stuck". My specialty is Individual Counseling, Marriage and Family, with a proficiency in Christian Counseling, Military Life and more. Don't hesitate to contact our office, for help to achieve your goals of better mental health. Get started now.
Telehealth Therapy Provided! Are you having problems at home, in your relationships, significant other or your children? Maybe you have a situation at work with your boss or coworkers. Is there an issue is between you and yourself? Hello, my name is James Sweeney, LPC, and I am a retired Army officer that had his own personal bout with PTSD, and understand the meaning of "Being Stuck". My specialty is Individual Counseling, Marriage and Family, with a proficiency in Christian Counseling, Military Life and more. Don't hesitate to contact our office, for help to achieve your goals of better mental health. Get started now.
(254) 212-7349 View (254) 212-7349
Photo of Tiffany Atkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Tiffany Atkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSOTP, LCDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76542
I have a strong educational background in disorders such as depression, eating disorders, learning disabilities, trauma, and addictions, and I am familiar with the implications and potential setbacks such disorders can cause. Being the daughter of a soldier has helped me become familiar with the many different transitions within the military lifestyle. I also conduct individual and group counseling services to sex offenders in which I guide them in developing specialized strategies for stopping abusive behavior, being accountable, and taking responsibility for the harm they have inflicted on their victims.
I have a strong educational background in disorders such as depression, eating disorders, learning disabilities, trauma, and addictions, and I am familiar with the implications and potential setbacks such disorders can cause. Being the daughter of a soldier has helped me become familiar with the many different transitions within the military lifestyle. I also conduct individual and group counseling services to sex offenders in which I guide them in developing specialized strategies for stopping abusive behavior, being accountable, and taking responsibility for the harm they have inflicted on their victims.
(254) 974-8115 View (254) 974-8115
Photo of Debbie King Mabray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Killeen, TX
Debbie King Mabray
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
Nightmares? Flashbacks? Anger? Relationship conflicts? Let us help you out of this misery, showing you hope and happiness.We are located three miles from the Ft. Hood (TX) airport; over 80% of our clients are Soldiers. Many heroes are left with a debilitating "souveneir" of their honorable profession even after transitioning to a civilian lifestyle. Experiences stay with us, forever changing us, our relationships, our lives, our behaviors. Let us help you out of this misery, finding your happiness and light.. Our therapists are published authors, speakers, active in the community and ready to assist you however we may.
Nightmares? Flashbacks? Anger? Relationship conflicts? Let us help you out of this misery, showing you hope and happiness.We are located three miles from the Ft. Hood (TX) airport; over 80% of our clients are Soldiers. Many heroes are left with a debilitating "souveneir" of their honorable profession even after transitioning to a civilian lifestyle. Experiences stay with us, forever changing us, our relationships, our lives, our behaviors. Let us help you out of this misery, finding your happiness and light.. Our therapists are published authors, speakers, active in the community and ready to assist you however we may.
(254) 217-8409 View (254) 217-8409
Photo of Jessica Marie Pustka, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Jessica Marie Pustka
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76547
Feeling drained, down and overwhelmed? I enjoy helping others work through difficult transitions in their lives. Life will inevitably present us all with challenges and changes, and reaching out can be empowering. My treatment approach is solution-focused & emotion-focused with a strengths-based approach to help my clients experience positive growth and gain mastery over their circumstances.
Feeling drained, down and overwhelmed? I enjoy helping others work through difficult transitions in their lives. Life will inevitably present us all with challenges and changes, and reaching out can be empowering. My treatment approach is solution-focused & emotion-focused with a strengths-based approach to help my clients experience positive growth and gain mastery over their circumstances.
(512) 271-3657 View (512) 271-3657
Photo of Lewis Hill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Lewis Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, CCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
With more than 25 years of experience as a Clinician and Counselor, I possess an extensive track record of compassionate and change-oriented care across both the military and private sectors. Throughout my career, I have developed a varied counseling and advisory experience, serving a wide range of populations, including Soldiers, Veterans, first responders, adolescents, and parents.
With more than 25 years of experience as a Clinician and Counselor, I possess an extensive track record of compassionate and change-oriented care across both the military and private sectors. Throughout my career, I have developed a varied counseling and advisory experience, serving a wide range of populations, including Soldiers, Veterans, first responders, adolescents, and parents.
(254) 244-5996 View (254) 244-5996
Photo of Sara Orosco Ma Lpc Associate Supervised By Christina Watts-Figueroa, LPC Associate in Killeen, TX
Sara Orosco Ma Lpc Associate Supervised By Christina Watts-Figueroa
LPC Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
As an employee of Yellow Ribbon Counseling PLLC I can help you. I am trained in a wide variety of areas to include: anxiety, depression, PTSD, self-esteem, behavioral issues, marital problems, ADHD, anger, parenting difficulties, going through transitions such as deployment or life changes, trauma, attachment, cultural differences, and/ or women's issues.
As an employee of Yellow Ribbon Counseling PLLC I can help you. I am trained in a wide variety of areas to include: anxiety, depression, PTSD, self-esteem, behavioral issues, marital problems, ADHD, anger, parenting difficulties, going through transitions such as deployment or life changes, trauma, attachment, cultural differences, and/ or women's issues.
(254) 863-2555 View (254) 863-2555
Photo of Katodra Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Killeen, TX
Katodra Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76549
KaTodra Jackson is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 19 years of experience in the mental health field and 13 years in private practice. She has provided services to children, adolescents, and adults within clinical and outpatient settings. She obtained a Master of Science Degree in Counseling Psychology from Tarleton State University-Central Texas, is licensed by Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors and is certified by the National Board of Certified Counselors.
KaTodra Jackson is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 19 years of experience in the mental health field and 13 years in private practice. She has provided services to children, adolescents, and adults within clinical and outpatient settings. She obtained a Master of Science Degree in Counseling Psychology from Tarleton State University-Central Texas, is licensed by Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors and is certified by the National Board of Certified Counselors.
(254) 332-1777 View (254) 332-1777
Photo of Dr. Yulonda Washington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Dr. Yulonda Washington
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
The journey of life is unique for everyone. I want to be a part of your unique journey by helping you navigate the intricate chapters of your unique story. Together we can write your story expressing your true emotions using integrative systemic therapies. It is my passion to assist you to effectively communicate through true emotions, help you navigate life realizing and using your own strengths, while empowering you to live your best life. I believe you have the power to live your journey happy, fulfilled, and mindful of every moment.
The journey of life is unique for everyone. I want to be a part of your unique journey by helping you navigate the intricate chapters of your unique story. Together we can write your story expressing your true emotions using integrative systemic therapies. It is my passion to assist you to effectively communicate through true emotions, help you navigate life realizing and using your own strengths, while empowering you to live your best life. I believe you have the power to live your journey happy, fulfilled, and mindful of every moment.
(254) 875-0203 View (254) 875-0203
Photo of Brianna Tran, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Killeen, TX
Brianna Tran
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
I provide counseling services to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. I have experience working with a variety of issues including but not limited to depression, anxiety, self-esteem/identity issues, grief/loss, trauma, ADHD, and parenting. I offer in-person and telehealth services.
I provide counseling services to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. I have experience working with a variety of issues including but not limited to depression, anxiety, self-esteem/identity issues, grief/loss, trauma, ADHD, and parenting. I offer in-person and telehealth services.
(254) 902-5388 View (254) 902-5388
Photo of Asha (Ayee-Shuh) Creary, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Asha (Ayee-Shuh) Creary
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S, NCC, IPT-CST
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76549
Now Offering Supervision for LPC-Associates.... I am a professional counselor who strongly believes that we can heal ourselves through a shift in our thought patterns, behaviors & mindset. I enjoy working with men and women and teens who are struggling with the longterm aftermath of childhood trauma leading to increased experiences with anxiety, depression, grief, PTSD & maladaptive attachment styles. I start the therapeutic experience by exploring your family history & build connections to current disruptive & unhealthy patterns impacting your mental health.
Now Offering Supervision for LPC-Associates.... I am a professional counselor who strongly believes that we can heal ourselves through a shift in our thought patterns, behaviors & mindset. I enjoy working with men and women and teens who are struggling with the longterm aftermath of childhood trauma leading to increased experiences with anxiety, depression, grief, PTSD & maladaptive attachment styles. I start the therapeutic experience by exploring your family history & build connections to current disruptive & unhealthy patterns impacting your mental health.
(314) 886-6757 View (314) 886-6757
Photo of Jason Duckworth, Marriage & Family Therapist in Killeen, TX
Jason Duckworth
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76549
Jason E. Duckworth is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist-Supervisor with over 36 years and 15,000 hours of experience in pastoral counseling and marriage and family therapy. Jason received his Master of Science in Counseling Psychology from Texas A&M University-Central Texas. He also holds a Doctor of Ministry Degree from Midwestern Seminary in Kansas City and a Master of Divinity from Southwestern Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas. Jason has also served as an adjunct professor at Baylor University. Having completed a 34-year career in the US Army, Jason brings in a wealth of expertise in working with military families.
Jason E. Duckworth is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist-Supervisor with over 36 years and 15,000 hours of experience in pastoral counseling and marriage and family therapy. Jason received his Master of Science in Counseling Psychology from Texas A&M University-Central Texas. He also holds a Doctor of Ministry Degree from Midwestern Seminary in Kansas City and a Master of Divinity from Southwestern Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas. Jason has also served as an adjunct professor at Baylor University. Having completed a 34-year career in the US Army, Jason brings in a wealth of expertise in working with military families.
(254) 269-7428 View (254) 269-7428
Photo of Elevated Solutions Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Killeen, TX
Elevated Solutions Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76541
My name is Shonda Phillips-Young I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Texas. I obtained my bachelor's degree in Social Work from Texas A&M University-Central Texas in 2016. I then went to Texas State University and received a master's degree in Social Work in 2017. I have worked in mental health since 2019; before that, I worked in long-term care.
My name is Shonda Phillips-Young I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Texas. I obtained my bachelor's degree in Social Work from Texas A&M University-Central Texas in 2016. I then went to Texas State University and received a master's degree in Social Work in 2017. I have worked in mental health since 2019; before that, I worked in long-term care.
(254) 599-8181 View (254) 599-8181
Photo of Kenyatta Peoples, Marriage & Family Therapist in Killeen, TX
Kenyatta Peoples
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542  (Online Only)
Hello. I see clients who are seeking professional support to address specific psychological or emotional concerns. Clients who are invested in their treatment and are open to creating change. Presenting concerns may range from relationship difficulties; anxiety; depression; grief/loss; trauma; struggling with self-worth; or facing challenges in coping with daily life. With a formal approach, I am committed to utilizing evidence-based therapeutic techniques to suit your unique needs. Together, we can work towards achieving your goals and fostering personal growth in a professional; supportive; and non-judgmental environment.
Hello. I see clients who are seeking professional support to address specific psychological or emotional concerns. Clients who are invested in their treatment and are open to creating change. Presenting concerns may range from relationship difficulties; anxiety; depression; grief/loss; trauma; struggling with self-worth; or facing challenges in coping with daily life. With a formal approach, I am committed to utilizing evidence-based therapeutic techniques to suit your unique needs. Together, we can work towards achieving your goals and fostering personal growth in a professional; supportive; and non-judgmental environment.
(254) 345-4390 View (254) 345-4390
Photo of Wellness Seeds Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Wellness Seeds Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MACC, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76549  (Online Only)
I am Ayonna Johnson and I have been a licensed counselor since 2012. In 2017 I began working with military families. Families and individuals have been able to address concerns ranging from image concerns, PTSD, and marriage. Utilizing Gestalt and Family Focus therapy, I am able to help you see the bigger picture and empower you make steps towards change.
I am Ayonna Johnson and I have been a licensed counselor since 2012. In 2017 I began working with military families. Families and individuals have been able to address concerns ranging from image concerns, PTSD, and marriage. Utilizing Gestalt and Family Focus therapy, I am able to help you see the bigger picture and empower you make steps towards change.
(254) 323-8683 View (254) 323-8683
Photo of Freedom Reins Counseling - Yvonne Höffchen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Freedom Reins Counseling - Yvonne Höffchen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76543
It is normal to have challenges in life, and there should be no stigma attached to asking for help. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, my goal is to listen and gently help guide individuals through any turbulent situations that they are currently experiencing or that are unsettled from the past. I believe that challenges offer individuals an opportunity to learn more about themselves, an opportunity to become more authentic, and an opportunity to become more grounded.
It is normal to have challenges in life, and there should be no stigma attached to asking for help. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, my goal is to listen and gently help guide individuals through any turbulent situations that they are currently experiencing or that are unsettled from the past. I believe that challenges offer individuals an opportunity to learn more about themselves, an opportunity to become more authentic, and an opportunity to become more grounded.
(254) 276-3798 View (254) 276-3798
Photo of Rena Maus, Licensed Professional Counselor in Killeen, TX
Rena Maus
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MTS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Killeen, TX 76542
I'm here to help people needing support in navigating through life's difficult situations. Do you need help with personal growth, or guidance to feel more like your true self. My aim is to provide a safe space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings to reach your goals. Sometimes talking or seeing things from a different point of view helps ideas fall into place. Natural supplements and coping skills assist with sleeping, pain, and emotional duress. Relationship problems tend to be eased by talking things through and using adapted materials in session and/or homework.
I'm here to help people needing support in navigating through life's difficult situations. Do you need help with personal growth, or guidance to feel more like your true self. My aim is to provide a safe space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings to reach your goals. Sometimes talking or seeing things from a different point of view helps ideas fall into place. Natural supplements and coping skills assist with sleeping, pain, and emotional duress. Relationship problems tend to be eased by talking things through and using adapted materials in session and/or homework.
(254) 853-5058 View (254) 853-5058
Photo of Yellow Ribbon Counseling PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Killeen, TX
Yellow Ribbon Counseling PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFTS, LPCS, RPTS, EMDR AC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Killeen, TX 76543
Yellow Ribbon Counseling specializes in play therapy, family therapy, and trauma informed therapies (EMDR, TF-CBT and CPT). Our clinical team is made up of Registered Play Therapist, EMDR Certified/trained and Gottman trained clinicians. We provide treatment in a variety of areas to include: attachment ruptures, grief & loss issues, parent-child relationships, child and sexual abuse, blended family issues, domestic violence, military related transitional stress, reintegration, ADHD, PTSD, couples/marital issues, perinatal issues and inter-generational family trauma.
Yellow Ribbon Counseling specializes in play therapy, family therapy, and trauma informed therapies (EMDR, TF-CBT and CPT). Our clinical team is made up of Registered Play Therapist, EMDR Certified/trained and Gottman trained clinicians. We provide treatment in a variety of areas to include: attachment ruptures, grief & loss issues, parent-child relationships, child and sexual abuse, blended family issues, domestic violence, military related transitional stress, reintegration, ADHD, PTSD, couples/marital issues, perinatal issues and inter-generational family trauma.
(254) 870-8119 View (254) 870-8119

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Killeen, TX

100+

Average cost per session

$110

Therapists in Killeen, TX who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
61% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Killeen, TX see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Killeen?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.