Therapists in Houston, TX

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Photo of Annette Morales-Tymczak, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Annette Morales-Tymczak
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77006
I am a Therapist and have been providing mental health services for over 25 years in outpatient and in home settings. I see Individuals and address Adjustment disorder, Anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Grief, Mood Disorder, Post-traumatic stress. I have diverse training and experience. I enjoy working with a wide variety of people.
I am a Therapist and have been providing mental health services for over 25 years in outpatient and in home settings. I see Individuals and address Adjustment disorder, Anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Grief, Mood Disorder, Post-traumatic stress. I have diverse training and experience. I enjoy working with a wide variety of people.
(832) 536-6051 View (832) 536-6051
Photo of Jeffrey Selman, Psychologist in Houston, TX
Jeffrey Selman
Psychologist, PsyD, BCBA-D
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77025
My name is Dr. Jeff Selman and I am a licensed psychologist, Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), and a certified school psychologist. I offer evidence-based telepsychology services to individuals across the lifespan and their families. These services include autism screening and assessment, individual and family therapy, parent behavior management training and coaching, and consultation and training for schools and community agencies. My approach is grounded in cognitive behavior therapy and behavior therapy. My sessions tend to be active, goal-oriented, and engaging. I love the work and welcomes complex and challenging cases.
My name is Dr. Jeff Selman and I am a licensed psychologist, Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), and a certified school psychologist. I offer evidence-based telepsychology services to individuals across the lifespan and their families. These services include autism screening and assessment, individual and family therapy, parent behavior management training and coaching, and consultation and training for schools and community agencies. My approach is grounded in cognitive behavior therapy and behavior therapy. My sessions tend to be active, goal-oriented, and engaging. I love the work and welcomes complex and challenging cases.
(713) 352-7571 View (713) 352-7571
Photo of Melissa Fasteau, Psychologist in Houston, TX
Melissa Fasteau
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77006
Do you desire freedom from obsessive thoughts? Are you trapped in a loop of worries, feel anxious, or find yourself stuck repeating behaviors that prevent you from living your best life? Recovery is possible. I am a licensed psychologist specialized in evidence-based treatments for OCD and related disorders, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and body-focused repetitive behaviors. I have expertise in evidence-based treatments, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), and comprehensive behavioral model (ComB). I treat adolescents, adults and those with autism spectrum disorder.
Do you desire freedom from obsessive thoughts? Are you trapped in a loop of worries, feel anxious, or find yourself stuck repeating behaviors that prevent you from living your best life? Recovery is possible. I am a licensed psychologist specialized in evidence-based treatments for OCD and related disorders, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and body-focused repetitive behaviors. I have expertise in evidence-based treatments, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), and comprehensive behavioral model (ComB). I treat adolescents, adults and those with autism spectrum disorder.
(713) 424-8188 View (713) 424-8188
Photo of Therapy Center of Houston, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Therapy Center of Houston
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77006
We are passionate about creating an atmosphere of trust and safety where you can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without judgment. We actively engage in the therapeutic process and use a warm and empathetic style. Using experiential therapies, we will guide you through a transformative experience. We will also equip you with the tools needed to maintain your treatment gains. Our background allows us to help a wide range of people, our practice focuses primarily on: Individual and Couples Therapy, Interpersonal Relational Issues, Eating Disorders, Addiction Recovery, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Reduction.
We are passionate about creating an atmosphere of trust and safety where you can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without judgment. We actively engage in the therapeutic process and use a warm and empathetic style. Using experiential therapies, we will guide you through a transformative experience. We will also equip you with the tools needed to maintain your treatment gains. Our background allows us to help a wide range of people, our practice focuses primarily on: Individual and Couples Therapy, Interpersonal Relational Issues, Eating Disorders, Addiction Recovery, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Reduction.
(713) 636-5132 View (713) 636-5132
Photo of Jean Lander, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Jean Lander
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77005  (Online Only)
Change, whether expected or unexpected, planned or unplanned, can disrupt our lives and make us feel off kilter, showing up as irritability, panic attacks, disrupted sleep, inability to concentrate, or problems with important people in our lives. Other times we simply feel "stuck." When reaching out to family or friends is no longer helpful, connecting with a professional can help.
Change, whether expected or unexpected, planned or unplanned, can disrupt our lives and make us feel off kilter, showing up as irritability, panic attacks, disrupted sleep, inability to concentrate, or problems with important people in our lives. Other times we simply feel "stuck." When reaching out to family or friends is no longer helpful, connecting with a professional can help.
(281) 903-5231 View (281) 903-5231
Photo of Manny Ahmad in Houston, TX
Manny Ahmad
MD, FAAP, MBA
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77095
ADHD Houston is dedicated to the objective evaluation and treatment of ADHD and related disorders in children, teens and young adults. We practice evidence-based medicine and follow national guidelines. Our clinic offers two FDA-cleared technologies to aid in ADHD diagnosis and treatment: NEBA brainwave testing and the computerized TOVA Test. Dr. Manny has successfully treated patients with ADHD for over 24 years.
ADHD Houston is dedicated to the objective evaluation and treatment of ADHD and related disorders in children, teens and young adults. We practice evidence-based medicine and follow national guidelines. Our clinic offers two FDA-cleared technologies to aid in ADHD diagnosis and treatment: NEBA brainwave testing and the computerized TOVA Test. Dr. Manny has successfully treated patients with ADHD for over 24 years.
(713) 597-5888 View (713) 597-5888
Photo of Kevin Spain, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Kevin Spain
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77069
Let's face it. We all experience situations and circumstances in our lives that challenge and inhibit us from fully thriving. I am passionate in coming alongside those who are hurting and those who desire a fresh, objective perspective to get through the stuck areas of their life. My approach is simple... meet people where they are, listen to them and approach their issue with well-researched treatment modalities.
Let's face it. We all experience situations and circumstances in our lives that challenge and inhibit us from fully thriving. I am passionate in coming alongside those who are hurting and those who desire a fresh, objective perspective to get through the stuck areas of their life. My approach is simple... meet people where they are, listen to them and approach their issue with well-researched treatment modalities.
(832) 981-2920 View (832) 981-2920
Photo of Veronica Siffert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Houston, TX
Veronica Siffert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77006
Are you feeling stuck and struggling to experience happiness and joy? Perhaps pain from the past or worries about the future are getting in the way of living the life you want. Seeking help is a courageous first step. Therapy is an opportunity to receive support and the necessary tools to help live your life to its fullest potential while engaging in the things that matter most to you. Therapy with me is a collaborative process and by working together we can identify areas that are causing you difficulty and develop personalized treatment goals. I provide a safe and supportive environment that fosters change and personal growth.
Are you feeling stuck and struggling to experience happiness and joy? Perhaps pain from the past or worries about the future are getting in the way of living the life you want. Seeking help is a courageous first step. Therapy is an opportunity to receive support and the necessary tools to help live your life to its fullest potential while engaging in the things that matter most to you. Therapy with me is a collaborative process and by working together we can identify areas that are causing you difficulty and develop personalized treatment goals. I provide a safe and supportive environment that fosters change and personal growth.
(832) 730-2497 View (832) 730-2497
Photo of Tasha Guerin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Tasha Guerin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77090
My mission is to empower individuals to take control of their destiny and function productively by providing them with the necessary skills to realize their dreams through counseling, education, social skills training, motivation, and participating in the treatment of abnormal behaviors. The goal is to complete that missing piece of the puzzle that creates a balanced and purposeful life.
My mission is to empower individuals to take control of their destiny and function productively by providing them with the necessary skills to realize their dreams through counseling, education, social skills training, motivation, and participating in the treatment of abnormal behaviors. The goal is to complete that missing piece of the puzzle that creates a balanced and purposeful life.
(832) 384-9258 View (832) 384-9258
Photo of My Hien Nguyen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Houston, TX
My Hien Nguyen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77002  (Online Only)
I commend you for taking the first step in seeking a more sustainable and abundant life.
I commend you for taking the first step in seeking a more sustainable and abundant life.
(832) 402-8930 View (832) 402-8930
Photo of Dr. Victoria Yu Liu, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Dr. Victoria Yu Liu
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77027
I believe life is all about understanding self and finding meanings through our relationships with self and others. The power for change is within individual and their relationships with others through genuine dialogue where allow you to truly understand your own unique experience through sharing, curiosity and learning. I appreciate the uniqueness of each story and experience that my clients share, so I take tremendous care and appreciation on this journey with my client. I believe the beauty of providing a safe space for the client to truly in-touch with his or her own fear and uncertainty with me.
I believe life is all about understanding self and finding meanings through our relationships with self and others. The power for change is within individual and their relationships with others through genuine dialogue where allow you to truly understand your own unique experience through sharing, curiosity and learning. I appreciate the uniqueness of each story and experience that my clients share, so I take tremendous care and appreciation on this journey with my client. I believe the beauty of providing a safe space for the client to truly in-touch with his or her own fear and uncertainty with me.
(832) 426-3942 View (832) 426-3942
Photo of Elvin Aydin Keles, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Elvin Aydin Keles
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77056  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
If your life is fully functional, you don't have to struggle to understand why things are the way they are. It is when we hit a wall in our relationships, career or health that we get pushed out of our comfort zone and start looking for answers. People often think that they can deal with all these on their own. However, emotional wellbeing is essentially a two person process as we can only find ourselves in the eye of another. The therapist's questions might bring out the answers in you that will support you in developing a much needed fresh perspective in life.
If your life is fully functional, you don't have to struggle to understand why things are the way they are. It is when we hit a wall in our relationships, career or health that we get pushed out of our comfort zone and start looking for answers. People often think that they can deal with all these on their own. However, emotional wellbeing is essentially a two person process as we can only find ourselves in the eye of another. The therapist's questions might bring out the answers in you that will support you in developing a much needed fresh perspective in life.
(832) 669-6905 View (832) 669-6905
Photo of Claudia Sotelo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Claudia Sotelo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77098  (Online Only)
I consider myself a trauma-informed, mindfulness, cognitive-based, person-centered therapist. I strive to provide a safe space for clients to feel comfortable. Using EMDR Therapy (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) the client can identify their negative beliefs and process past traumas. I'm here to help my clients overcome their struggles and better manage their responses to life stressors. Using Mindfulness clients connect to their calm selves. They can tap into being intentional about self-regulating, using grounding, intentional deep breathing, and other self-help tools.
I consider myself a trauma-informed, mindfulness, cognitive-based, person-centered therapist. I strive to provide a safe space for clients to feel comfortable. Using EMDR Therapy (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) the client can identify their negative beliefs and process past traumas. I'm here to help my clients overcome their struggles and better manage their responses to life stressors. Using Mindfulness clients connect to their calm selves. They can tap into being intentional about self-regulating, using grounding, intentional deep breathing, and other self-help tools.
(737) 637-5309 View (737) 637-5309
Photo of InnerWisdom, Inc., Licensed Master Social Worker in Houston, TX
InnerWisdom, Inc.
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, PMHNP, RN
Not Verified Not Verified
Houston, TX 77025
InnerWisdom is one of the few Community Mental Health Center in Texas that offers Partial Hospital Program (PHP), Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), Supportive Outpatient Program (SOP), Telehealth, Medication Management, and Individual Therapy. We have a team of dedicated counselors, psychiatrist, psychologist, Nurses, and practitioners who work together to create a road map to recovery beyond the traditional inpatient/outpatient program. For more information about our program, to schedule an appointment, and to verify your insurance, please visit our website, innerwisdom.com.
InnerWisdom is one of the few Community Mental Health Center in Texas that offers Partial Hospital Program (PHP), Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), Supportive Outpatient Program (SOP), Telehealth, Medication Management, and Individual Therapy. We have a team of dedicated counselors, psychiatrist, psychologist, Nurses, and practitioners who work together to create a road map to recovery beyond the traditional inpatient/outpatient program. For more information about our program, to schedule an appointment, and to verify your insurance, please visit our website, innerwisdom.com.
(281) 801-1071 View (281) 801-1071
Photo of Leonice Ferreira, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Leonice Ferreira
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77006  (Online Only)
Have you ever felt like you were not living up to your own expectations as a parent? Are you struggling with the challenges of raising a child with special needs? Is your child having mental health or behavioral issues, and while you are doing your best to support your child, do you feel alone in this challenging journey? Do you feel misunderstood, judged, overwhelmed, or stressed in your role as a parent? Maybe you are struggling to establish mutual understanding with your grown child on issues you disagree with.
Have you ever felt like you were not living up to your own expectations as a parent? Are you struggling with the challenges of raising a child with special needs? Is your child having mental health or behavioral issues, and while you are doing your best to support your child, do you feel alone in this challenging journey? Do you feel misunderstood, judged, overwhelmed, or stressed in your role as a parent? Maybe you are struggling to establish mutual understanding with your grown child on issues you disagree with.
(346) 810-6540 View (346) 810-6540
Photo of Rachelle Ryan Psychotherapy PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Rachelle Ryan Psychotherapy PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77024  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m Rachelle Ryan, a National Board Certified Clinical Psychotherapist. Life experiences can feel heavy and challenging, but you don't have to struggle—and you don't have to go through them alone. As your therapist, I will guide you and equip you with tools to help you reach your desired destination. No two people or journeys are the same, which is why your therapy experience will be intentionally created uniquely for you.
Welcome! I’m Rachelle Ryan, a National Board Certified Clinical Psychotherapist. Life experiences can feel heavy and challenging, but you don't have to struggle—and you don't have to go through them alone. As your therapist, I will guide you and equip you with tools to help you reach your desired destination. No two people or journeys are the same, which is why your therapy experience will be intentionally created uniquely for you.
(512) 877-8417 View (512) 877-8417
Photo of Tabitha Durr, Marriage & Family Therapist in Houston, TX
Tabitha Durr
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77098
Are you struggling with self esteem or your identity? Is anxiety and perfectionism overwhelming you? Do you need support with stress or burnout? Therapy can help if you’re struggling and want to improve your mental health and wellbeing. I’ll support you in building impactful coping skills as you work towards finding peace and confidence in who you are and how you navigate the world and life’s many challenges. Whether you are struggling with self esteem, anxiety, burnout or stress from major life transitions, consider booking a consultation with me today to see how I can help support you in meeting your goals.
Are you struggling with self esteem or your identity? Is anxiety and perfectionism overwhelming you? Do you need support with stress or burnout? Therapy can help if you’re struggling and want to improve your mental health and wellbeing. I’ll support you in building impactful coping skills as you work towards finding peace and confidence in who you are and how you navigate the world and life’s many challenges. Whether you are struggling with self esteem, anxiety, burnout or stress from major life transitions, consider booking a consultation with me today to see how I can help support you in meeting your goals.
(346) 369-7622 View (346) 369-7622
Photo of Dr. Dilek Wise, Marriage & Family Therapist in Houston, TX
Dr. Dilek Wise
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77006
Wish to be happier? Want to communicate effectively? Recovering from affairs or addictions? Feeling anxious or depressed? Life changes? Previous therapy didn't work? Specializing in relationships, my passion is to help you to build a healthy life style with your loved ones. I will help you to learn the very basics of your relational dynamics and understand the nature of your struggle as a person/couple so you can tackle your immediate issues, and prevent the future ones.
Wish to be happier? Want to communicate effectively? Recovering from affairs or addictions? Feeling anxious or depressed? Life changes? Previous therapy didn't work? Specializing in relationships, my passion is to help you to build a healthy life style with your loved ones. I will help you to learn the very basics of your relational dynamics and understand the nature of your struggle as a person/couple so you can tackle your immediate issues, and prevent the future ones.
(281) 916-3296 View (281) 916-3296
Photo of Trey Hughes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Houston, TX
Trey Hughes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Houston, TX 77098
Congratulations on reaching out for help! I've been there and know it's not easy. In fact it's scary as hell! The fact is everyone on this planet struggles. It's the human condition and we all need help from time to time. I guarantee you that if I'm having problems with my plumbing, I call a plumber. I've been a therapist now for 30 years and can safely say I've pretty much seen it all. Most of us think our problems are really different than everyone else's, but I assure you we're all much more alike than we are different. The truth is everyone just wants to be happy, feel at peace, and have successful loving relationships.
Congratulations on reaching out for help! I've been there and know it's not easy. In fact it's scary as hell! The fact is everyone on this planet struggles. It's the human condition and we all need help from time to time. I guarantee you that if I'm having problems with my plumbing, I call a plumber. I've been a therapist now for 30 years and can safely say I've pretty much seen it all. Most of us think our problems are really different than everyone else's, but I assure you we're all much more alike than we are different. The truth is everyone just wants to be happy, feel at peace, and have successful loving relationships.
(713) 568-9938 View (713) 568-9938
Photo of Joseph Roberts, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Houston, TX
Joseph Roberts, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Houston, TX 77009
Choosing a therapist can be challenging in a lot of ways. For starters, you're probably looking for a therapist because things are a bit tricky right now. You might be feeling anxious already and it can take time to find someone you can talk to. Then, when you finally do meet with someone, it can be hard to trust the therapist in the very first session. On top of that, when you finally DO find the person you're comfortable talking to, your insurance might not cover your sessions, or maybe you don't have insurance at all.
Choosing a therapist can be challenging in a lot of ways. For starters, you're probably looking for a therapist because things are a bit tricky right now. You might be feeling anxious already and it can take time to find someone you can talk to. Then, when you finally do meet with someone, it can be hard to trust the therapist in the very first session. On top of that, when you finally DO find the person you're comfortable talking to, your insurance might not cover your sessions, or maybe you don't have insurance at all.
(281) 949-7508 View (281) 949-7508

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Houston, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Houston, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
68% Relationship Issues
66% Stress
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
79% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Houston, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Houston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.