Therapists in Frisco, TX

Photo of Joy Miller-Eugene, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Joy Miller-Eugene
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
Joy Miller-Eugene is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Texas who has experience partnering with children, adults, couples, and families seeking help with a wide range of challenges that come with impairment of daily positive functioning. She received her B. S in Psychology and Child Learning and Development as well as her M. S in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She utilizes relational, collaborative and solution focused approaches in order to best meet client need at the present time.
Joy Miller-Eugene is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Texas who has experience partnering with children, adults, couples, and families seeking help with a wide range of challenges that come with impairment of daily positive functioning. She received her B. S in Psychology and Child Learning and Development as well as her M. S in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She utilizes relational, collaborative and solution focused approaches in order to best meet client need at the present time.
(469) 283-6286 View (469) 283-6286
Photo of Anne (Kip) Rodgers Watson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Anne (Kip) Rodgers Watson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, CHPC, MBTI, CPT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Frisco, TX 75033
What if you could prevent, prepare, even predict when an athlete struggles? What if you could manage the struggle better whether anxiety, lack of confidence, low motivation, or more serious issues such as depression, addiction, lack of discipline, and poor communication. I take each client through a mental assessment process utilizing the MBTI along with neuroscience and a mental health screening. Results include an Athletic Report, Stress Management Report, and Career Report, along with a Recommendation Plan for improvement. Clients gain a clear understanding of their innate strengths & weaknesses plus the next steps for progress.
What if you could prevent, prepare, even predict when an athlete struggles? What if you could manage the struggle better whether anxiety, lack of confidence, low motivation, or more serious issues such as depression, addiction, lack of discipline, and poor communication. I take each client through a mental assessment process utilizing the MBTI along with neuroscience and a mental health screening. Results include an Athletic Report, Stress Management Report, and Career Report, along with a Recommendation Plan for improvement. Clients gain a clear understanding of their innate strengths & weaknesses plus the next steps for progress.
(972) 325-5925 View (972) 325-5925
Photo of Alejandra Mata in Frisco, TX
Alejandra Mata
MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
Alex is a 1st gen counselor who works with children of all ages, adolescents, teens & young adults. She will collaborate with you in different therapeutic manners to find the best route together for you/ your child. With her laid-back and positive attitude, your health and well-being will be accepted and prioritized. Alex considers your unique birth order and environment to play an important role in the growth of a child, which leads to the development of our "inner child" or inner voice. Our triggers unconsciously awaken our inner child and lead us to cope/ respond similarly to out younger self.
Alex is a 1st gen counselor who works with children of all ages, adolescents, teens & young adults. She will collaborate with you in different therapeutic manners to find the best route together for you/ your child. With her laid-back and positive attitude, your health and well-being will be accepted and prioritized. Alex considers your unique birth order and environment to play an important role in the growth of a child, which leads to the development of our "inner child" or inner voice. Our triggers unconsciously awaken our inner child and lead us to cope/ respond similarly to out younger self.
(469) 437-7183 View (469) 437-7183
Photo of Marcella Lee, Psychologist in Frisco, TX
Marcella Lee
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
My vision is to bring hope and healing in a caring, supportive environment. I seek to encourage and empower each individual to discover their strengths and reach their full potential in their personal and professional life.
My vision is to bring hope and healing in a caring, supportive environment. I seek to encourage and empower each individual to discover their strengths and reach their full potential in their personal and professional life.
(972) 885-6192 View (972) 885-6192
Photo of Starlight Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Starlight Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT, LCDC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75035
Starlight Counseling has a team of 10 therapists with a wide range of specialities so that we are able to help individuals or the whole family. Whether you are seeking help with sadness/depression, worry/anxiety, trauma, addiction, or a wide range of other concerns, our staff can guide you through the healing process.
Starlight Counseling has a team of 10 therapists with a wide range of specialities so that we are able to help individuals or the whole family. Whether you are seeking help with sadness/depression, worry/anxiety, trauma, addiction, or a wide range of other concerns, our staff can guide you through the healing process.
(214) 937-9120 View (214) 937-9120
Photo of Hong Soon Yun, Marriage & Family Therapist in Frisco, TX
Hong Soon Yun
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel like you are the only one having difficult issues in your life? Do you feel hopeless or helpless even when you are surrounded by those who love you, families, or even your loving spouse? You are not alone. Individual, Couples, and Family therapy provides a safe place that allows one to find time for resting, develop new coping skills, and discovering a new way for you to deal with your life and its issues. I will walk by your side until you are able to see your life change and feel empowered with strength even though circumstances do not change.
Do you feel like you are the only one having difficult issues in your life? Do you feel hopeless or helpless even when you are surrounded by those who love you, families, or even your loving spouse? You are not alone. Individual, Couples, and Family therapy provides a safe place that allows one to find time for resting, develop new coping skills, and discovering a new way for you to deal with your life and its issues. I will walk by your side until you are able to see your life change and feel empowered with strength even though circumstances do not change.
(972) 236-7525 View (972) 236-7525
Photo of Katelyn Braatz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Katelyn Braatz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, LCDC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
Whose ready to make a change in their life? My greatest passion is to help individuals overcome any obstacles that prevent them from experiencing an improved quality of life. I help clients, who include adolescents and adults uncover strengths and learn new skills to take on any challenges in life. I'm ready to join you on your journey!
Whose ready to make a change in their life? My greatest passion is to help individuals overcome any obstacles that prevent them from experiencing an improved quality of life. I help clients, who include adolescents and adults uncover strengths and learn new skills to take on any challenges in life. I'm ready to join you on your journey!
(469) 214-6167 View (469) 214-6167
Photo of Alli Arne, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Alli Arne
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas with experience working with a variety of populations struggling with various mental health challenges and life stressors. I work with families, couples, adults, and adolescents (12+). I have experience treating a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, complex trauma, behavioral challenges, relational challenges, and adjustment issues.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas with experience working with a variety of populations struggling with various mental health challenges and life stressors. I work with families, couples, adults, and adolescents (12+). I have experience treating a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, complex trauma, behavioral challenges, relational challenges, and adjustment issues.
(469) 809-4619 View (469) 809-4619
Photo of Tiffany L. Owen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Tiffany L. Owen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
Tiffany L. Owen is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2021. Tiffany offers a relaxed, non-judgmental atmosphere. She listens and guides her clients to help them come to healthy, positive conclusions to the issues that are negatively impacting their lives. Tiffany guides by teaching behavior techniques and coping skills to her clients so that they are more apt to manage the negative issues in their lives. Tiffany is an active, avid listener and gives a lot of feedback. Outside of work, Tiffany is an avid movie and TV watcher and quotes many lines from movies and shows.
Tiffany L. Owen is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas who has been practicing since 2021. Tiffany offers a relaxed, non-judgmental atmosphere. She listens and guides her clients to help them come to healthy, positive conclusions to the issues that are negatively impacting their lives. Tiffany guides by teaching behavior techniques and coping skills to her clients so that they are more apt to manage the negative issues in their lives. Tiffany is an active, avid listener and gives a lot of feedback. Outside of work, Tiffany is an avid movie and TV watcher and quotes many lines from movies and shows.
(469) 202-9016 View (469) 202-9016
Photo of Shaalon Joules, Psychologist in Frisco, TX
Shaalon Joules
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75033
I conduct diagnostic evaluations, intelligence testing, personality testing, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. I work mostly with clients age 18 and older. In treatment, issues addressed include anxiety disorders, coping with stress, relationship/marital issues, cultural/spiritual issues, mood disorders, and issues related to aging. I also conduct workshops on different psychological topics. For example, how to manage differences in personality or financial attitudes in a romantic relationship. Or, how to manage conflict in romantic relationships. Workshop details can be found on my website.
I conduct diagnostic evaluations, intelligence testing, personality testing, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. I work mostly with clients age 18 and older. In treatment, issues addressed include anxiety disorders, coping with stress, relationship/marital issues, cultural/spiritual issues, mood disorders, and issues related to aging. I also conduct workshops on different psychological topics. For example, how to manage differences in personality or financial attitudes in a romantic relationship. Or, how to manage conflict in romantic relationships. Workshop details can be found on my website.
(469) 242-2194 View (469) 242-2194
Photo of Dona Nguyen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Dona Nguyen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CDBT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frisco, TX 75034
My ideal client is one who is ready to pursue healing through vulnerability and a combined holistic effort. I has a heart for first generation Americans, as I am one myself, and women struggling with the weight of modern day motherhood—from TTC to loss to postpartum. I am trained in many different approaches including EMDR, DBT and IFS and use these approaches, when available, to walk the path of healing alongside YOU!
My ideal client is one who is ready to pursue healing through vulnerability and a combined holistic effort. I has a heart for first generation Americans, as I am one myself, and women struggling with the weight of modern day motherhood—from TTC to loss to postpartum. I am trained in many different approaches including EMDR, DBT and IFS and use these approaches, when available, to walk the path of healing alongside YOU!
(469) 754-9620 View (469) 754-9620
Photo of Veronica Simes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Veronica Simes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC, RN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frisco, TX 75034  (Online Only)
Do you assist and serve others professionally or personally while seeking meaning and purpose? Perhaps, you’re feeling overwhelmed and your once fulfilling work is starting to lose its appeal? The world is often full of unexpected events. Even with the best laid plans, these events can lead to struggles. While it’s a gift to care for others during difficult times, it can leave us drained, off balance, and feeling alone. You are a dedicated caregiver to others. Is it time to give yourself that care, as well?
Do you assist and serve others professionally or personally while seeking meaning and purpose? Perhaps, you’re feeling overwhelmed and your once fulfilling work is starting to lose its appeal? The world is often full of unexpected events. Even with the best laid plans, these events can lead to struggles. While it’s a gift to care for others during difficult times, it can leave us drained, off balance, and feeling alone. You are a dedicated caregiver to others. Is it time to give yourself that care, as well?
(972) 526-7123 x100 View (972) 526-7123 x100
Photo of Karina Rice, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Karina Rice
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Frisco, TX 75034  (Online Only)
You feel like you're drowning. You're tired of trying to stay on top of it all. Or you're exhausted all the time and burned out from the pressure to perform at work, maintain relationships, and care for your family's needs, let alone your own. Or you feel stuck in a rut and unable to move forward with your life, your goals and it just feels like it's all too much. Did I get that right? Well if so, I get it. Not only do I treat women just like you every week, but I was where you were not too long ago. I know what it feels like to smile to keep from crying when you're sick and tired of being sick and tired.
You feel like you're drowning. You're tired of trying to stay on top of it all. Or you're exhausted all the time and burned out from the pressure to perform at work, maintain relationships, and care for your family's needs, let alone your own. Or you feel stuck in a rut and unable to move forward with your life, your goals and it just feels like it's all too much. Did I get that right? Well if so, I get it. Not only do I treat women just like you every week, but I was where you were not too long ago. I know what it feels like to smile to keep from crying when you're sick and tired of being sick and tired.
(214) 431-5932 View (214) 431-5932
Photo of Frisco Feeding & Speech Therapy in Frisco, TX
Frisco Feeding & Speech Therapy
MA, CCC, SLP
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
Jeanine Roddy, M.A., CCC-SLP., has successfully practiced speech therapy, feeding therapy and communication skills training for over 12 years. Jeanine and our certified SLP's are focused on the evaluation and treatment of preschool and school age children with executive functioning issues related to ADHD, speech and language impairments, feeding disorders, and social skills training. If you are interested in reading about what parents say about Jeanine and our speech therapists you can check our Google reviews or click here: https://goo.gl/maps/h8YkBaj3XMN2
Jeanine Roddy, M.A., CCC-SLP., has successfully practiced speech therapy, feeding therapy and communication skills training for over 12 years. Jeanine and our certified SLP's are focused on the evaluation and treatment of preschool and school age children with executive functioning issues related to ADHD, speech and language impairments, feeding disorders, and social skills training. If you are interested in reading about what parents say about Jeanine and our speech therapists you can check our Google reviews or click here: https://goo.gl/maps/h8YkBaj3XMN2
(469) 629-7299 View (469) 629-7299
Photo of Linda Gandy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Linda Gandy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
Picture this: You are going through daily life, but inside, you feel like you aren't reaching your potential. You are a success at work, on your team, at school, and yet...you know you have potential for more. But you just can't seem to get the results you want, almost like you are "blocked," somehow. You've tried everything to get past this "block" from books to podcasts to Tik Tok reels, but you just haven't found the right solution for you.
Picture this: You are going through daily life, but inside, you feel like you aren't reaching your potential. You are a success at work, on your team, at school, and yet...you know you have potential for more. But you just can't seem to get the results you want, almost like you are "blocked," somehow. You've tried everything to get past this "block" from books to podcasts to Tik Tok reels, but you just haven't found the right solution for you.
(469) 529-5914 View (469) 529-5914
Photo of Dr. Melissa Hudson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Frisco, TX
Dr. Melissa Hudson
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frisco, TX 75034
Appointments available from lunchtime through evening, Tuesday to Thursday. Is your relationship feeling stagnant or less fulfilling than it used to be? Are you noticing more frequent or intense conflicts? If you're a committed couple seeking change, you're not alone. Relationship troubles can affect all aspects of life. Does any of this sound familiar? If you're tired of the stress and uncertainty that comes with a complicated or stuck relationship, or if you're ready to focus on personal growth, I'm here to help. Let's work through the hard times, understand the past, and build stronger, healthier relationships together.
Appointments available from lunchtime through evening, Tuesday to Thursday. Is your relationship feeling stagnant or less fulfilling than it used to be? Are you noticing more frequent or intense conflicts? If you're a committed couple seeking change, you're not alone. Relationship troubles can affect all aspects of life. Does any of this sound familiar? If you're tired of the stress and uncertainty that comes with a complicated or stuck relationship, or if you're ready to focus on personal growth, I'm here to help. Let's work through the hard times, understand the past, and build stronger, healthier relationships together.
(972) 430-5910 View (972) 430-5910
Photo of Pam Flint, Psychologist in Frisco, TX
Pam Flint
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
I work with adult clients dealing with a variety of issues. My previous career was as a registered nurse, which affords me comprehensive knowledge about psychiatric medications prescribed by your PCP or psychiatrist. I worked for over 20 years, full-time at the University of North Texas as a staff psychologist, Assistant Professor in the psychology department, and later transitioned to the Clinical Director of the Counseling Center. Please visit my website to learn more about my training, experience and professional services I offer. Drpamflint.com If interested in my children's book, you can check it out www.roxythetherapydog.com
I work with adult clients dealing with a variety of issues. My previous career was as a registered nurse, which affords me comprehensive knowledge about psychiatric medications prescribed by your PCP or psychiatrist. I worked for over 20 years, full-time at the University of North Texas as a staff psychologist, Assistant Professor in the psychology department, and later transitioned to the Clinical Director of the Counseling Center. Please visit my website to learn more about my training, experience and professional services I offer. Drpamflint.com If interested in my children's book, you can check it out www.roxythetherapydog.com
(469) 702-8381 View (469) 702-8381
Photo of Kathy Regalado, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Frisco, TX
Kathy Regalado
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75035
When confronted with challenging times, it's normal for some to feel stuck, scared, lost, or doubtful about the future. It's important to recognize that you are not alone in these struggles. Together, we can explore your feelings and concerns at a pace that feels comfortable to you and identify techniques and tools that may help you attain the peace and clarity that you look for in order to move forward. I also hope to provide you with the opportunities to work on increasing your self-compassion and identifying your sources of strength and resilience along the way.
When confronted with challenging times, it's normal for some to feel stuck, scared, lost, or doubtful about the future. It's important to recognize that you are not alone in these struggles. Together, we can explore your feelings and concerns at a pace that feels comfortable to you and identify techniques and tools that may help you attain the peace and clarity that you look for in order to move forward. I also hope to provide you with the opportunities to work on increasing your self-compassion and identifying your sources of strength and resilience along the way.
(469) 281-7148 View (469) 281-7148
Photo of Adriana Beck, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Adriana Beck
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Frisco, TX 75034
As a former member of the National Gymnastics Team from my home country Venezuela, I experience first hand the importance of balancing mental, emotional and physical health to achieve personal goals. Those years as an elite athlete taught me that emotions and mindset played a decisive role in anybody's performance, no matter if it is in sports or any struggling situation life puts us through. Those are strength that we all have but sometimes we haven't developed them yet. I offer you a supportive, warm, non-judgmental environment to overcome the barriers that keep you from achieving your goals and becoming who you want to be.
As a former member of the National Gymnastics Team from my home country Venezuela, I experience first hand the importance of balancing mental, emotional and physical health to achieve personal goals. Those years as an elite athlete taught me that emotions and mindset played a decisive role in anybody's performance, no matter if it is in sports or any struggling situation life puts us through. Those are strength that we all have but sometimes we haven't developed them yet. I offer you a supportive, warm, non-judgmental environment to overcome the barriers that keep you from achieving your goals and becoming who you want to be.
(469) 378-8665 View (469) 378-8665
Photo of Sarah Ofrecio, Licensed Professional Counselor in Frisco, TX
Sarah Ofrecio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frisco, TX 75034
Life can be confusing, lonely, and overwhelming. Reaching out for help is incredibly brave. At Growth Mindset Psychotherapy we offer a warm and compassionate space to process your thoughts and learn skills to navigate life's hardships. I work with teens, adults, and couples facing obstacles such as trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and low self-esteem. Please call for a free 15 minute consultation.
Life can be confusing, lonely, and overwhelming. Reaching out for help is incredibly brave. At Growth Mindset Psychotherapy we offer a warm and compassionate space to process your thoughts and learn skills to navigate life's hardships. I work with teens, adults, and couples facing obstacles such as trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and low self-esteem. Please call for a free 15 minute consultation.
(972) 635-4640 View (972) 635-4640

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Frisco, TX

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Frisco, TX who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
68% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
78% Aetna
75% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Frisco, TX see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Frisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.