Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Stephanie Ochoa, Counselor in New York, NY
Stephanie Ochoa
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
Taking that step to seek support is a big deal- it shows that you've got some serious inner strength. Life throws curveballs at all of us, and feeling overwhelmed is totally normal. My goal? To be your partner in navigating those emotions, quieting those persistent worries, and helping you heal from whatever is weighing you down. No pushy advice or one-size-fits-all solutions here. Instead, Let's dive into your journey together and help you shine your brightest.
Taking that step to seek support is a big deal- it shows that you've got some serious inner strength. Life throws curveballs at all of us, and feeling overwhelmed is totally normal. My goal? To be your partner in navigating those emotions, quieting those persistent worries, and helping you heal from whatever is weighing you down. No pushy advice or one-size-fits-all solutions here. Instead, Let's dive into your journey together and help you shine your brightest.
(845) 393-9224 View (845) 393-9224
Photo of Mary Kay King, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Mary Kay King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
The decision to enter therapy is often fueled by a desire for growth and change. Having worked as a grief counselor for 17 years, I have had the opportunity to help many people as they learn to navigate the major life changes that come with loss. The death of a loved one often triggers unresolved issues and I have helped people cope with relationship issues, family conflicts, anxiety and self esteem as they deal with the ripple effects of loss. Loss and change of any kind can turn one's world upside down. But it can also be a catalyst for growth as old ways of coping are set aside and new ways of being in the world are explored.
The decision to enter therapy is often fueled by a desire for growth and change. Having worked as a grief counselor for 17 years, I have had the opportunity to help many people as they learn to navigate the major life changes that come with loss. The death of a loved one often triggers unresolved issues and I have helped people cope with relationship issues, family conflicts, anxiety and self esteem as they deal with the ripple effects of loss. Loss and change of any kind can turn one's world upside down. But it can also be a catalyst for growth as old ways of coping are set aside and new ways of being in the world are explored.
(917) 451-3854 View (917) 451-3854
Photo of Jan C. Niemira, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jan C. Niemira
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
When your inner world feels out of balance, it's time to talk. Sometimes sadness or worry sends up a red flag and lets you know when you need support. Other times you might feel lonely or disconnected and not certain how to make things right. These are great opportunities to get to know yourself better. My therapeutic approach emphasizes 'true self experience' and aims to peel back the layers of compromise that come to feel so heavy, ill-fitting, or inauthentic over time. Feeling more alive and a renewed sense of discovery are the benefits of this deeply personal process.
When your inner world feels out of balance, it's time to talk. Sometimes sadness or worry sends up a red flag and lets you know when you need support. Other times you might feel lonely or disconnected and not certain how to make things right. These are great opportunities to get to know yourself better. My therapeutic approach emphasizes 'true self experience' and aims to peel back the layers of compromise that come to feel so heavy, ill-fitting, or inauthentic over time. Feeling more alive and a renewed sense of discovery are the benefits of this deeply personal process.
(646) 583-3935 View (646) 583-3935
Photo of Healthy Minds NYC | April Grigsby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Healthy Minds NYC | April Grigsby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017
ONLINE THERAPY AVAILABLE. Experiencing anxiety or depression due to recent events? Are you ready to experience breakthrough in your mental health? I would be privileged to help you translate insight into a manageable and actionable plan. I specialize in caring for individuals and couples who want to address anxiety, trauma, conflict resolution, work stress, spirituality, grief and more. As your therapist, I will be an empathetic listener helping you build on your strengths to change your circumstances and solve the problems keeping you from greater health.
ONLINE THERAPY AVAILABLE. Experiencing anxiety or depression due to recent events? Are you ready to experience breakthrough in your mental health? I would be privileged to help you translate insight into a manageable and actionable plan. I specialize in caring for individuals and couples who want to address anxiety, trauma, conflict resolution, work stress, spirituality, grief and more. As your therapist, I will be an empathetic listener helping you build on your strengths to change your circumstances and solve the problems keeping you from greater health.
(516) 701-2281 View (516) 701-2281
Photo of Sandy R Gartin, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Sandy R Gartin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Are you facing obstacles you need help in overcoming and looking for relief? I will work with you in a warm, collaborative environment and together we will explore those areas that have kept you from feeling fulfilled, from believing in yourself or from relieving blocks that are keeping you from reaching your goals.
Are you facing obstacles you need help in overcoming and looking for relief? I will work with you in a warm, collaborative environment and together we will explore those areas that have kept you from feeling fulfilled, from believing in yourself or from relieving blocks that are keeping you from reaching your goals.
(424) 210-5188 View (424) 210-5188
Photo of Todd Shalom, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Todd Shalom
Licensed Master Social Worker, MFA, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018
If you struggle with sexual compulsivity, you know that regaining control of your life requires more than just management of sexual behavior. Sexual compulsivity frequently masks underlying anxiety, depression and trauma, all of which can wreak havoc on our relationships with ourselves and others. Using a “here-and-now” approach, I work with individuals, couples and groups to help heighten awareness of problematic behaviors, recognize patterns that inhibit personal growth, and restore choice in decision-making.
If you struggle with sexual compulsivity, you know that regaining control of your life requires more than just management of sexual behavior. Sexual compulsivity frequently masks underlying anxiety, depression and trauma, all of which can wreak havoc on our relationships with ourselves and others. Using a “here-and-now” approach, I work with individuals, couples and groups to help heighten awareness of problematic behaviors, recognize patterns that inhibit personal growth, and restore choice in decision-making.
(646) 859-5465 View (646) 859-5465
Photo of Danielle Hibbard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Danielle Hibbard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10027  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself struggling to know who you are or what you want out of life? Perhaps you are going through a big life transition that has left you feeling frazzled. Or you’ve experienced something traumatic that changed your worldview. You are not alone. Understanding yourself and how you fit into the world can be an extremely difficult process.
Do you find yourself struggling to know who you are or what you want out of life? Perhaps you are going through a big life transition that has left you feeling frazzled. Or you’ve experienced something traumatic that changed your worldview. You are not alone. Understanding yourself and how you fit into the world can be an extremely difficult process.
(917) 540-0426 View (917) 540-0426
Photo of Elly Huber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Elly Huber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
I am a body oriented Clinical Social worker (Fordham University) also psychoanalytically trained (Institute for the Psychanalytic Study of Subjectivity, NYC.) Trained originally in a body-mind therapy (Rubenfeld Synergy) I have gone on to work with somatically oriented therapies such as EMDR and AEDP. My primary modality at this point is Intensive Short Term Dynamic Therapy.please feel free to ask me about any of these approaches.
I am a body oriented Clinical Social worker (Fordham University) also psychoanalytically trained (Institute for the Psychanalytic Study of Subjectivity, NYC.) Trained originally in a body-mind therapy (Rubenfeld Synergy) I have gone on to work with somatically oriented therapies such as EMDR and AEDP. My primary modality at this point is Intensive Short Term Dynamic Therapy.please feel free to ask me about any of these approaches.
(646) 798-2258 View (646) 798-2258
Photo of Eve Gordon, Psychologist in New York, NY
Eve Gordon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
As a clinical psychologist in practice for over twenty-five years, I have worked with individuals and couples who struggle with a wide range of issues. I view therapy as a collaborative and interactive process leading to real, lasting changes in long-standing problem areas, as well as greater engagement and fulfillment in all areas of life. My clinical expertise includes depression, anxiety, relationship and workplace issues, eating disorders and developmental/life stage transitions. My professional training is psychoanalytic, but I may also use a problem-centered approach to address more focused issues.
As a clinical psychologist in practice for over twenty-five years, I have worked with individuals and couples who struggle with a wide range of issues. I view therapy as a collaborative and interactive process leading to real, lasting changes in long-standing problem areas, as well as greater engagement and fulfillment in all areas of life. My clinical expertise includes depression, anxiety, relationship and workplace issues, eating disorders and developmental/life stage transitions. My professional training is psychoanalytic, but I may also use a problem-centered approach to address more focused issues.
(914) 935-7632 View (914) 935-7632
Photo of Ron Murphy, Psychologist in New York, NY
Ron Murphy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
I really enjoy working with people who want to be helped with painful feelings and experiences that have interfered with their sense of well being. All of us are limited by upsettingly negative emotions that make it harder to accomplish things that would make our lives richer, more comfortable and secure. I base my work on the principles of Mindfulnes Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy. This approach has been shown to be very successful helping anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, phobias and many other individual and relationship issues. Like most experienced therapists, I also integrate ideas from other approaches whenever appropriate.
I really enjoy working with people who want to be helped with painful feelings and experiences that have interfered with their sense of well being. All of us are limited by upsettingly negative emotions that make it harder to accomplish things that would make our lives richer, more comfortable and secure. I base my work on the principles of Mindfulnes Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy. This approach has been shown to be very successful helping anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, phobias and many other individual and relationship issues. Like most experienced therapists, I also integrate ideas from other approaches whenever appropriate.
(212) 288-4660 View (212) 288-4660
Photo of Dahlia Mayerson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dahlia Mayerson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
For most of us, anxiety and stress can inhibit our ability to be fully present. Sometimes, all it takes is a new perspective to find the clarity to create a new reality, build fulfilling relationships, and grow into the best version of yourself. I help women experiencing stress, anxiety, and self doubt to overcome life’s challenges and create healthy relationships. Navigating friendships, dating, and changing family dynamics can be a roller coaster in your 20s and 30s—a time where you might grow apart from old friends, experience roommate conflicts, explore intimacy for the first time, or get clear on what you want out of life.
For most of us, anxiety and stress can inhibit our ability to be fully present. Sometimes, all it takes is a new perspective to find the clarity to create a new reality, build fulfilling relationships, and grow into the best version of yourself. I help women experiencing stress, anxiety, and self doubt to overcome life’s challenges and create healthy relationships. Navigating friendships, dating, and changing family dynamics can be a roller coaster in your 20s and 30s—a time where you might grow apart from old friends, experience roommate conflicts, explore intimacy for the first time, or get clear on what you want out of life.
(914) 252-3934 View (914) 252-3934
Photo of Jason Duncan, Psychologist in New York, NY
Jason Duncan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
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Photo of Sarina Goldstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Sarina Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
In my work I use therapy to help identify and support my clients in getting what they want out of life. Whether it is making a big life change, working on a relationship, or resolving an issue that you have not been able to get a handle on, therapy can help you develop the necessary tools and insight to navigate through life's challenges. Furthermore, the skills you will gain will help you not only with the presenting problem, in our work we will explore how these skills can be applied to improve other areas of your life.
In my work I use therapy to help identify and support my clients in getting what they want out of life. Whether it is making a big life change, working on a relationship, or resolving an issue that you have not been able to get a handle on, therapy can help you develop the necessary tools and insight to navigate through life's challenges. Furthermore, the skills you will gain will help you not only with the presenting problem, in our work we will explore how these skills can be applied to improve other areas of your life.
(929) 296-8180 View (929) 296-8180
Photo of Amanda George, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Amanda George
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MA, LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014
The idea of calling a therapist makes you uneasy, I know, but you are in distress about something, or many things, and you could use some help in understanding yourself better and working things through. I will work to create a safe space for us to explore the things that are contributing to your emotional pain or paralysis, depression or anxiety, relationship or work difficulties.
The idea of calling a therapist makes you uneasy, I know, but you are in distress about something, or many things, and you could use some help in understanding yourself better and working things through. I will work to create a safe space for us to explore the things that are contributing to your emotional pain or paralysis, depression or anxiety, relationship or work difficulties.
(646) 351-1817 View (646) 351-1817
Photo of Ilena Osma, Licensed Psychotherapist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ilena Osma, Licensed Psychotherapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients and I accept insurance.......I am a licensed Psychotherapist in private practice in New York & Florida. I offer telehealth video sessions for residents in both states. I help people who want to make positive changes but are held back by fear, stress, indecision, or old habits. I can help you gain awareness and insight and learn concrete strategies for managing negative thoughts and emotions. Through healing from past experiences and learning effective coping strategies, you have the potential to achieve greater success and develop more meaningful and healthy relationships.
I am currently accepting new clients and I accept insurance.......I am a licensed Psychotherapist in private practice in New York & Florida. I offer telehealth video sessions for residents in both states. I help people who want to make positive changes but are held back by fear, stress, indecision, or old habits. I can help you gain awareness and insight and learn concrete strategies for managing negative thoughts and emotions. Through healing from past experiences and learning effective coping strategies, you have the potential to achieve greater success and develop more meaningful and healthy relationships.
(646) 553-5131 View (646) 553-5131
Photo of Liberated Voices Therapy LCSW pllc , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Liberated Voices Therapy LCSW pllc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Has unhealthy ways of coping with stress, anxiety or depression negatively impacted your personal, professional or intimate relationships? Or are you at a crossroads in your life and need to explore what your next chapter will be? Or, are you seeking help now to have a deeper understanding around your traumas in hopes to heal from them? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I want to help you unburden yourself and develop healthy coping skills to live a more peaceful and fulfilling life. Your best chapter awaits you. Are you ready?
Has unhealthy ways of coping with stress, anxiety or depression negatively impacted your personal, professional or intimate relationships? Or are you at a crossroads in your life and need to explore what your next chapter will be? Or, are you seeking help now to have a deeper understanding around your traumas in hopes to heal from them? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I want to help you unburden yourself and develop healthy coping skills to live a more peaceful and fulfilling life. Your best chapter awaits you. Are you ready?
(332) 239-1752 View (332) 239-1752
Photo of Lisa Brown, Psychologist in New York, NY
Lisa Brown
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028  (Online Only)
I am a clinical psychologist with over 25 years of experience working with adults as well as children, adolescents, and their parents. While working remotely, I am primarily seeing pre-teens, teenagers, and adults. I work with people for various reasons including anxiety, depression, wanting to develop a stronger sense of self, relationship stresses, difficulty reaching goals, and adjusting to new life stages. I provide a warm, collaborative, and empathic environment in which we can explore and get a better understanding of your particular experiences and work to help you or your child/teen feel better and make positive changes.
I am a clinical psychologist with over 25 years of experience working with adults as well as children, adolescents, and their parents. While working remotely, I am primarily seeing pre-teens, teenagers, and adults. I work with people for various reasons including anxiety, depression, wanting to develop a stronger sense of self, relationship stresses, difficulty reaching goals, and adjusting to new life stages. I provide a warm, collaborative, and empathic environment in which we can explore and get a better understanding of your particular experiences and work to help you or your child/teen feel better and make positive changes.
(646) 663-5448 View (646) 663-5448
Photo of Julia Nourok, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Julia Nourok
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10031  (Online Only)
I believe we all have a core self and a purpose. Many individuals, however, are blocked by depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as low self-esteem, substance abuse, and eating disorders. I am an LCSW with a certificate from the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Study Center. I have extensive experience working with adults from various cultural and socio-economic backgrounds and have treated individuals diagnosed with everything from bipolar to borderline personality disorder.
I believe we all have a core self and a purpose. Many individuals, however, are blocked by depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as low self-esteem, substance abuse, and eating disorders. I am an LCSW with a certificate from the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Study Center. I have extensive experience working with adults from various cultural and socio-economic backgrounds and have treated individuals diagnosed with everything from bipolar to borderline personality disorder.
(646) 692-0358 View (646) 692-0358
Photo of Samantha Rogowicz, Psychologist in New York, NY
Samantha Rogowicz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches for treating youth and adults with a range of difficulties, including anxiety, OCD, low mood, self-doubt, stress, perfectionism, and trauma. My goal is to provide treatment that is approachable, evidence-based, and individualized to your needs and goals. I come to the therapy space from a place of openness and compassion with the aim of helping you move toward therapy goals that you identify as most important to you.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches for treating youth and adults with a range of difficulties, including anxiety, OCD, low mood, self-doubt, stress, perfectionism, and trauma. My goal is to provide treatment that is approachable, evidence-based, and individualized to your needs and goals. I come to the therapy space from a place of openness and compassion with the aim of helping you move toward therapy goals that you identify as most important to you.
(646) 791-4347 View (646) 791-4347
Photo of Janice Kline, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Janice Kline
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Engaging in psychotherapy can be transformational and life changing. Sometimes all of us feel a little stuck, overwhelmed, lost, or alone. Whether you are facing a difficult time coping, feeling overwhelmed by current stressors, or have longstanding challenges, working with a psychotherapist can enable you to navigate a path forward and provide you with the tools to cope.
Engaging in psychotherapy can be transformational and life changing. Sometimes all of us feel a little stuck, overwhelmed, lost, or alone. Whether you are facing a difficult time coping, feeling overwhelmed by current stressors, or have longstanding challenges, working with a psychotherapist can enable you to navigate a path forward and provide you with the tools to cope.
(646) 759-9689 View (646) 759-9689

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.