Therapists in Downers Grove, IL

Photo of Gale C Vance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Gale C Vance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515
I welcome you to my practice site. If you are here at this site I make the assumption that you are secure enough to know that you deserve to feel better and have good relationships. With a comfortable match up of therapist and client, both of us work towards understanding the challenges you face, getting some clarity about what can be changed, and learning how to take action. Getting comfortable involves feeling listened to and understood by me and developing trust that I will be knowledgeable about your subject and I will be supportive and non judgmental in this therapeutic relationship.
I welcome you to my practice site. If you are here at this site I make the assumption that you are secure enough to know that you deserve to feel better and have good relationships. With a comfortable match up of therapist and client, both of us work towards understanding the challenges you face, getting some clarity about what can be changed, and learning how to take action. Getting comfortable involves feeling listened to and understood by me and developing trust that I will be knowledgeable about your subject and I will be supportive and non judgmental in this therapeutic relationship.
(630) 672-0345 View (630) 672-0345
Photo of Jessica Lowery, Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Jessica Lowery
Counselor, LCPC, MS
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Check out more about me & my practice by clicking the website link found on this page (www.livinfreetherapy.com). I'm a laid-back, real-as-it-gets kind of human. Looking to connect with other humans, and if I may be of any assistance in the cultivation of whatever changes and goodness you're seeking in your life, well that would be quite an honor!
Check out more about me & my practice by clicking the website link found on this page (www.livinfreetherapy.com). I'm a laid-back, real-as-it-gets kind of human. Looking to connect with other humans, and if I may be of any assistance in the cultivation of whatever changes and goodness you're seeking in your life, well that would be quite an honor!
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Photo of Mahin Khader, Licensed Professional Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Mahin Khader
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Taking the leap into therapy can be scary, and finding a therapist that fits your needs can be overwhelming. I am here to make that process a little bit easier and more comfortable. My goal as a therapist is to meet each person where they are on their journey, by recognizing and understanding their reasons for coming to therapy. Whether it be difficulties with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, negative body image/eating disorders, or trauma, I’m here to help support you as you navigate these concerns. My goal is for you to leave therapy with the growth and tools that you are looking for.
Taking the leap into therapy can be scary, and finding a therapist that fits your needs can be overwhelming. I am here to make that process a little bit easier and more comfortable. My goal as a therapist is to meet each person where they are on their journey, by recognizing and understanding their reasons for coming to therapy. Whether it be difficulties with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, negative body image/eating disorders, or trauma, I’m here to help support you as you navigate these concerns. My goal is for you to leave therapy with the growth and tools that you are looking for.
(630) 791-5471 View (630) 791-5471
Photo of Nicole Knebelsberger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Nicole Knebelsberger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Are you looking for a therapist for your preteen or teen? Or perhaps your a teen yourself looking for guidance. Do you or your child struggle with their emotions, friendships, perfectionism, anxiety, or a life stressor? Do you or your child have difficulty at school, appropriate social skills, or executive functioning? Well, you have come to the right place!
Are you looking for a therapist for your preteen or teen? Or perhaps your a teen yourself looking for guidance. Do you or your child struggle with their emotions, friendships, perfectionism, anxiety, or a life stressor? Do you or your child have difficulty at school, appropriate social skills, or executive functioning? Well, you have come to the right place!
(331) 214-8999 View (331) 214-8999
Photo of Kate Nemchausky, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Kate Nemchausky
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
A therapist allows you the space to safely speak your truth, explore your identity and what that means to you, and learn how to approach life with that knowledge. You might be going through life transitions and adjustments such as changes in relationships, living situations, or career. You might be a mother trying to navigate through your new or continuing role, experiencing postpartum depression and anxiety, or trying to recover from loss. You might want to heal wounds left from past traumas and gain insight into how you can move forward. Together we can embark on a journey of healing, knowledge, and self-discovery.
A therapist allows you the space to safely speak your truth, explore your identity and what that means to you, and learn how to approach life with that knowledge. You might be going through life transitions and adjustments such as changes in relationships, living situations, or career. You might be a mother trying to navigate through your new or continuing role, experiencing postpartum depression and anxiety, or trying to recover from loss. You might want to heal wounds left from past traumas and gain insight into how you can move forward. Together we can embark on a journey of healing, knowledge, and self-discovery.
(630) 541-9666 View (630) 541-9666
Photo of Carolyn Murray, Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Carolyn Murray
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
To me, therapy is a collaborative experience with the intent to promote real change and liberation. I place great value in the therapeutic relationship that is fostered through honesty, warmth, acceptance. Through the therapeutic relationship, I hope to establish a safe and non-judgmental environment that encourages vulnerability and change. Working together, we construct effective coping techniques, communication skills, healthy boundaries and behaviors, and improved life functioning.
To me, therapy is a collaborative experience with the intent to promote real change and liberation. I place great value in the therapeutic relationship that is fostered through honesty, warmth, acceptance. Through the therapeutic relationship, I hope to establish a safe and non-judgmental environment that encourages vulnerability and change. Working together, we construct effective coping techniques, communication skills, healthy boundaries and behaviors, and improved life functioning.
(331) 254-4511 x10 View (331) 254-4511 x10
Photo of Carolyn Boyer, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Carolyn Boyer
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Counseling is a collaborative process in which you should feel supported in navigating life's roadblocks, stressors, and transitions. The counseling relationship is a unique experience that propels individual flourishing by providing a safe and nurturing environment in which you can develop and practice skills to cultivate resiliency and personal growth. I believe in strength-based counseling, in which individual strengths and resources are developed and utilized to facilitate well-being and client collaboration to promote and achieve personal goals. The framework I utilize favors a cognitive approach with behavioral, mindfulness, and psychodynamic interventions to address specific areas of distress.
Counseling is a collaborative process in which you should feel supported in navigating life's roadblocks, stressors, and transitions. The counseling relationship is a unique experience that propels individual flourishing by providing a safe and nurturing environment in which you can develop and practice skills to cultivate resiliency and personal growth. I believe in strength-based counseling, in which individual strengths and resources are developed and utilized to facilitate well-being and client collaboration to promote and achieve personal goals. The framework I utilize favors a cognitive approach with behavioral, mindfulness, and psychodynamic interventions to address specific areas of distress.
(630) 473-9363 x5 View (630) 473-9363 x5
Photo of Joel Tornquist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Joel Tornquist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Waitlist for new clients
Your healing and restoration are my priority. My passion is the empowerment of others within their lives. I believe the counseling relationship is sacred, and through it, individuals experience growth by gaining self-awareness regarding the strengths they hold within. It is a privilege to work alongside individuals who desire growth, along with healing and restoration within themselves. My role is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to empower individuals as they write their own stories, tailoring my therapeutic approach to meet the unique needs of each client.
Your healing and restoration are my priority. My passion is the empowerment of others within their lives. I believe the counseling relationship is sacred, and through it, individuals experience growth by gaining self-awareness regarding the strengths they hold within. It is a privilege to work alongside individuals who desire growth, along with healing and restoration within themselves. My role is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to empower individuals as they write their own stories, tailoring my therapeutic approach to meet the unique needs of each client.
(630) 528-1672 View (630) 528-1672
Photo of Downers Grove Counseling and Wellness PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Downers Grove Counseling and Wellness PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
As the founder of DGCW, I have dedicated myself to helping people heal, grow and thrive for almost 15 years. Through work with individuals and couples, I have learned that an interactive, client-centered and collaborative treatment approach is most effective. I provide an empathic, non-judgmental and solutions-focused experience that promotes clarity and goal-setting, encourages introspection and creates strategies to rapidly identify and overcome life's challenges.
As the founder of DGCW, I have dedicated myself to helping people heal, grow and thrive for almost 15 years. Through work with individuals and couples, I have learned that an interactive, client-centered and collaborative treatment approach is most effective. I provide an empathic, non-judgmental and solutions-focused experience that promotes clarity and goal-setting, encourages introspection and creates strategies to rapidly identify and overcome life's challenges.
(312) 757-7951 View (312) 757-7951
Photo of Stacey Kitson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Stacey Kitson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515  (Online Only)
You've taken a brave step in inviting someone into your most personal space to partner in your healing. I aim to provide a safe, non-judgmental environment for you to work through difficult experiences. I will support you to find resolution to your struggles, while helping you identify your inner strengths to reveal a healthier version of you. I strive to ensure that you are respected and valued by being honest and empathetic. I have been providing therapeutic services to individuals, couples, adolescents, and families for over 15 years. I look forward to joining you in your wellness journey.
You've taken a brave step in inviting someone into your most personal space to partner in your healing. I aim to provide a safe, non-judgmental environment for you to work through difficult experiences. I will support you to find resolution to your struggles, while helping you identify your inner strengths to reveal a healthier version of you. I strive to ensure that you are respected and valued by being honest and empathetic. I have been providing therapeutic services to individuals, couples, adolescents, and families for over 15 years. I look forward to joining you in your wellness journey.
(630) 360-8282 View (630) 360-8282
Photo of Stone Catchers Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Stone Catchers Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Although there are times when we feel broken, hopeless, and unsure of the future, there is hope. Stone Catchers Counseling will help you take the first step to finding meaningful change. We are not defined by our worst moment, or even by a series of hard times. Regardless of how long you have been struggling, Stone Catchers Counseling can help. Your recovery can mean atonement and redemption; but, mostly freedom. Freedom to feel joy again, to live the life you want. We tailor an exclusive approach for every client based on individual needs. We honor and respect the uniqueness of each person we treat.
Although there are times when we feel broken, hopeless, and unsure of the future, there is hope. Stone Catchers Counseling will help you take the first step to finding meaningful change. We are not defined by our worst moment, or even by a series of hard times. Regardless of how long you have been struggling, Stone Catchers Counseling can help. Your recovery can mean atonement and redemption; but, mostly freedom. Freedom to feel joy again, to live the life you want. We tailor an exclusive approach for every client based on individual needs. We honor and respect the uniqueness of each person we treat.
(630) 324-4760 View (630) 324-4760
Photo of Judith Fawell, Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Judith Fawell
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Working from a strengths-based, collaborative approach to counseling, I use a variety of techniques in assisting clients find solutions and reach their goals. My belief is that clients very often have the answers they are seeking already within themselves. Sorting through their hopes, fears, beliefs etc. is useful in identifying what may be preventing them from recognizing those answers and keeping them stuck.
Working from a strengths-based, collaborative approach to counseling, I use a variety of techniques in assisting clients find solutions and reach their goals. My belief is that clients very often have the answers they are seeking already within themselves. Sorting through their hopes, fears, beliefs etc. is useful in identifying what may be preventing them from recognizing those answers and keeping them stuck.
(312) 300-6638 View (312) 300-6638
Photo of Theresa Hefner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Theresa Hefner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
When it becomes difficult to cope, therapy can provide a new path forward. Having a nonjudgmental space to explore, validate, and experience your feelings in a healthy way can help you manage anxiety, depression, and other life stressors. I would like to provide that space for you to process your emotions, develop new methods of coping, identify and clarify your goals and values.
When it becomes difficult to cope, therapy can provide a new path forward. Having a nonjudgmental space to explore, validate, and experience your feelings in a healthy way can help you manage anxiety, depression, and other life stressors. I would like to provide that space for you to process your emotions, develop new methods of coping, identify and clarify your goals and values.
(331) 244-2046 View (331) 244-2046
Photo of Mary Ann Fosco, Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Mary Ann Fosco
Counselor, LCPC, CADC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60516
My method is wholistic and compassionate counseling for individuals and couples. I try to create a safe harbor for change for adults dealing with life issues such as self-esteem, relationships, grief or loss, goal-setting and anxiety. I try to get people in touch with their own truth in a safe, non-judgmental, empathetic environment. I enjoy giving couples tools for resolving conflict and learning to fight fairly.
My method is wholistic and compassionate counseling for individuals and couples. I try to create a safe harbor for change for adults dealing with life issues such as self-esteem, relationships, grief or loss, goal-setting and anxiety. I try to get people in touch with their own truth in a safe, non-judgmental, empathetic environment. I enjoy giving couples tools for resolving conflict and learning to fight fairly.
(630) 599-7493 View (630) 599-7493
Photo of Samuel Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Samuel Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515  (Online Only)
When it comes to supporting you and providing you, your care must be adaptable, empathetic, individualized. Whether you are seeking dramatic change, collaboration on a major life decision, or just in need of someone to discuss the trials and tribulations of life, it is important that therapy reflects your uniqueness through its uniqueness. I have experience across a diverse array of clients with a strong belief that care should promote equity, unconditional positive regard, and identity affirming care.
When it comes to supporting you and providing you, your care must be adaptable, empathetic, individualized. Whether you are seeking dramatic change, collaboration on a major life decision, or just in need of someone to discuss the trials and tribulations of life, it is important that therapy reflects your uniqueness through its uniqueness. I have experience across a diverse array of clients with a strong belief that care should promote equity, unconditional positive regard, and identity affirming care.
(630) 228-9515 View (630) 228-9515
Photo of Emily Weber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Emily Weber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Anxiety, depression, and other symptoms can cause you to feel alone in your journey. Life can be stressful, overwhelming and difficult at time and it takes a lot of courage and strength to take the initial steps to seek help. As a licensed social worker, I would like to welcome the opportunity to work with you in making the changes. I will provide insight,guidance, a safe environment where you can feel empowered to find clarity and self-awareness to make the needed and wanted changes.
Anxiety, depression, and other symptoms can cause you to feel alone in your journey. Life can be stressful, overwhelming and difficult at time and it takes a lot of courage and strength to take the initial steps to seek help. As a licensed social worker, I would like to welcome the opportunity to work with you in making the changes. I will provide insight,guidance, a safe environment where you can feel empowered to find clarity and self-awareness to make the needed and wanted changes.
(630) 765-5648 View (630) 765-5648
Photo of Dana Donahue, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Dana Donahue
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60516  (Online Only)
The journey of motherhood can stir up many unexpected feelings and challenges for women and their partners. Starting from preconception all the way to the empty nest experience, it is not uncommon to struggle with anxious thoughts, strong emotions, a lost sense of self or disconnection in our personal relationships. If you want to enjoy your pregnancy or motherhood experience, learn different ways to cope with the heavy mental load, communicate better with your partner or process feelings of loss when this journey does not go as expected, please know that you are not alone and I can help.
The journey of motherhood can stir up many unexpected feelings and challenges for women and their partners. Starting from preconception all the way to the empty nest experience, it is not uncommon to struggle with anxious thoughts, strong emotions, a lost sense of self or disconnection in our personal relationships. If you want to enjoy your pregnancy or motherhood experience, learn different ways to cope with the heavy mental load, communicate better with your partner or process feelings of loss when this journey does not go as expected, please know that you are not alone and I can help.
(331) 425-6429 View (331) 425-6429
Photo of Jennifer Logston Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Downers Grove, IL
Jennifer Logston Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515
Waitlist for new clients
My approach to therapy is that of a guide, helping people discover their own inner strength so they can make positive changes. Clients say that my laid back demeanor and calming presence allow a safe, relaxing place to talk openly and work through concerns together. While both direct and supportive, I tailor my approach based on the individual needs of each client. Whether child, teen or adult, I feel it is a privilege to help clients find healing and happiness.
My approach to therapy is that of a guide, helping people discover their own inner strength so they can make positive changes. Clients say that my laid back demeanor and calming presence allow a safe, relaxing place to talk openly and work through concerns together. While both direct and supportive, I tailor my approach based on the individual needs of each client. Whether child, teen or adult, I feel it is a privilege to help clients find healing and happiness.
(630) 504-7017 View (630) 504-7017
Photo of Aarin Fisher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Downers Grove, IL
Aarin Fisher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downers Grove, IL 60515  (Online Only)
There comes a point in all of our lives that we could use the help of a professional when we are lacking the proper tools for success. This is also true when seeking support for your mental health. Finding a mental health provider to assist you in finding better ways to cope and manage whatever you are struggling with is a brave move and this is the first big step in your journey toward mental wholeness.
There comes a point in all of our lives that we could use the help of a professional when we are lacking the proper tools for success. This is also true when seeking support for your mental health. Finding a mental health provider to assist you in finding better ways to cope and manage whatever you are struggling with is a brave move and this is the first big step in your journey toward mental wholeness.
(773) 692-9808 View (773) 692-9808
Photo of Consulting Psychological Services, PC, Psychologist in Downers Grove, IL
Consulting Psychological Services, PC
Psychologist, PhD, CADC, NLP
Verified Verified
Downers Grove, IL 60516
Valuing client uniqueness means utilizing advanced, empathic interventions for self-acceptance in working through anxiety, panic, depression, trauma and attaining emotional regulation. Rebalancing distorted beliefs assist clients' relief of anger, guilt, shame, self-sabotage. Differentiation & specifically designed working-through processes reflect maximizing unique client traits! Each client is identified as unique in their needs with subjective emotional experiences and cognitive structures requiring specific, individualized treatment plans and strategic interventions. These are tailored to facilitate optimum therapeutic progress.
Valuing client uniqueness means utilizing advanced, empathic interventions for self-acceptance in working through anxiety, panic, depression, trauma and attaining emotional regulation. Rebalancing distorted beliefs assist clients' relief of anger, guilt, shame, self-sabotage. Differentiation & specifically designed working-through processes reflect maximizing unique client traits! Each client is identified as unique in their needs with subjective emotional experiences and cognitive structures requiring specific, individualized treatment plans and strategic interventions. These are tailored to facilitate optimum therapeutic progress.
(872) 205-3810 View (872) 205-3810

See more therapy options for Downers Grove

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Downers Grove, IL

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Downers Grove, IL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
63% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Downers Grove, IL see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Downers Grove?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.