Family Systems Therapists in Nassau County, NY

Linda Alexander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW, EdD, naap
Verified Verified
Great Neck, NY 11020
I am trained as a psychoanalytic psychothapist and use cognitive behavioral therapy and family systems as needed.
I have worked with individuals, couples,children, families and always am interested in the best interests of my clients. I understand how difficult it is to make that initial contact but truly believe in the coperative process. I am available in the mornings and late in the evening.
I am trained as a psychoanalytic psychothapist and use cognitive behavioral therapy and family systems as needed.
I have worked with individuals, couples,children, families and always am interested in the best interests of my clients. I understand how difficult it is to make that initial contact but truly believe in the coperative process. I am available in the mornings and late in the evening.
(516) 830-4848 View (516) 830-4848
Photo of Alexandra K Milak, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nassau County, NY
Alexandra K Milak
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
My approach includes culturally competent therapies tailored to each individual patient, drawing from Psychodynamic, Narrative, Existential, Dialectical-Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Attachment-Based, and Family Systems therapies.
I am a mental health counselor with a limited permit, working under the supervision of Dr. Sheila Chiffriller, a licensed psychologist. I provide psychotherapy to a diverse population of clients, specializing in survivors of trauma, borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, LGBTQIA+ issues, anger, family issues, couples' issues, bipolar disorder, chronic illness, grief and bereavement. My practice is rooted in principles of affirmation, intersectional justice, harm reduction, and embodiment and holds the position that social oppressions and systemic problems operate as barriers to wellness.
My approach includes culturally competent therapies tailored to each individual patient, drawing from Psychodynamic, Narrative, Existential, Dialectical-Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Attachment-Based, and Family Systems therapies.
I am a mental health counselor with a limited permit, working under the supervision of Dr. Sheila Chiffriller, a licensed psychologist. I provide psychotherapy to a diverse population of clients, specializing in survivors of trauma, borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, LGBTQIA+ issues, anger, family issues, couples' issues, bipolar disorder, chronic illness, grief and bereavement. My practice is rooted in principles of affirmation, intersectional justice, harm reduction, and embodiment and holds the position that social oppressions and systemic problems operate as barriers to wellness.
(516) 476-9057 View (516) 476-9057
Photo of Ivy L. Giller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Ivy L. Giller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Roslyn, NY 11576  (Online Only)
I have been in practice for over 25-years treating individuals, couples, and families. I believe In therapy, as in life, one size does not fit all. I recognize the importance of individualizing treatment to the needs of each person I meet. With compassion and patience, I offer support while striving to motivate clients to broaden their coping skills so they can reach their maximum potential. My client-centered approach draws on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and family systems techniques as well as building mindfulness skills.
I have been in practice for over 25-years treating individuals, couples, and families. I believe In therapy, as in life, one size does not fit all. I recognize the importance of individualizing treatment to the needs of each person I meet. With compassion and patience, I offer support while striving to motivate clients to broaden their coping skills so they can reach their maximum potential. My client-centered approach draws on psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and family systems techniques as well as building mindfulness skills.
(516) 321-4911 View (516) 321-4911
Photo of Caryn H Guttman-Weber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Caryn H Guttman-Weber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Cedarhurst, NY 11516
I utilize many modalities including Psychodynamic, CBT, Internal Family Systems and Somatic Experiencing.
I strive to create a space for my clients to be their complete authentic self, and display any and every emotion in a compassionate and validating environment. I have experience with a diverse clientele using a variety of modalities. I specialize in the treatment of individuals, couples and families presenting issues relating to/stemming from: interpersonal relationships, trauma, life transitions, anxiety, depression and addiction. I believe that therapy is an opportunity to actively engage and work collaboratively with my clients on overcoming personal challenges and achieving their identified goals.
I utilize many modalities including Psychodynamic, CBT, Internal Family Systems and Somatic Experiencing.
I strive to create a space for my clients to be their complete authentic self, and display any and every emotion in a compassionate and validating environment. I have experience with a diverse clientele using a variety of modalities. I specialize in the treatment of individuals, couples and families presenting issues relating to/stemming from: interpersonal relationships, trauma, life transitions, anxiety, depression and addiction. I believe that therapy is an opportunity to actively engage and work collaboratively with my clients on overcoming personal challenges and achieving their identified goals.
(516) 701-2694 View (516) 701-2694
Photo of Delia P Verna, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Delia P Verna
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Glen Head, NY 11545
I work with individuals, couples and families. I have a specialty in short-term couple counseling and relationship dilemmas, with a particular focus on communication skills. I also do co-parenting counseling in order to help keep the peace and raise happy children. My goal is for us to work together in a concrete and expedient fashion in order to seek rapid change from confusion to clarity. Although life can be complicated and stressful, it can also be simplified. My training includes family systems which means that I see our lives through the lens of many filters and influences.
I work with individuals, couples and families. I have a specialty in short-term couple counseling and relationship dilemmas, with a particular focus on communication skills. I also do co-parenting counseling in order to help keep the peace and raise happy children. My goal is for us to work together in a concrete and expedient fashion in order to seek rapid change from confusion to clarity. Although life can be complicated and stressful, it can also be simplified. My training includes family systems which means that I see our lives through the lens of many filters and influences.
(516) 990-2477 View (516) 990-2477
Photo of Judy Greenberger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Judy Greenberger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MSN, RN, CPHN
Verified Verified
Merrick, NY 11566
Family systems theory and EMDR therapy are the foundation of my work.
My practice integrates marriage, family and EMDR therapy for individuals and couples seeking help with their relationship issues. Mind and body hold the memory of your life experience and influence who you become. When you enter into relationship, your family history and individual personalities join. Understanding how this tapestry weaves together can promote new awareness and potential change. I will collaborate, and help you to work through the challenges getting in your way, so you can actualize your own healing. Meditation, stress management techniques, and REIKI are available for your own personal tool box and self care.
Family systems theory and EMDR therapy are the foundation of my work.
My practice integrates marriage, family and EMDR therapy for individuals and couples seeking help with their relationship issues. Mind and body hold the memory of your life experience and influence who you become. When you enter into relationship, your family history and individual personalities join. Understanding how this tapestry weaves together can promote new awareness and potential change. I will collaborate, and help you to work through the challenges getting in your way, so you can actualize your own healing. Meditation, stress management techniques, and REIKI are available for your own personal tool box and self care.
(516) 774-4059 View (516) 774-4059
Photo of Teresa A Milano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Teresa A Milano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jericho, NY 11753
At various times in our life, we often find ourselves feeling challenged. Whether it's issues at work, in relationships, personal struggles or just wanting to be heard; with 20 years of experience in the mental health field, I can help navigate these times. My background and training in family systems, affords me unique insight into understanding how individuals come to develop and maintain certain patterns, behaviors, and thinking which often cause difficulty in everyday functioning and in primary relationships.
At various times in our life, we often find ourselves feeling challenged. Whether it's issues at work, in relationships, personal struggles or just wanting to be heard; with 20 years of experience in the mental health field, I can help navigate these times. My background and training in family systems, affords me unique insight into understanding how individuals come to develop and maintain certain patterns, behaviors, and thinking which often cause difficulty in everyday functioning and in primary relationships.
(516) 226-2071 View (516) 226-2071
Photo of Susan Jungman, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Susan Jungman
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NCC, MHA
Verified Verified
Garden City, NY 11530
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) in the State of New York and a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the State of Arizona. I specialize in treating Eating Disorders, trauma, addictions, anxiety and depression. I work collaboratively with a team of professionals who specialize in eating disorders; including therapists, nutritionists, medical doctors and Dr. Jeffrey DeSarbo, Psychiatrist, Founder and Medical Director of ED-180. I am a Trauma-Informed Therapist; Certified in EMDR and an Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapist.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) in the State of New York and a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the State of Arizona. I specialize in treating Eating Disorders, trauma, addictions, anxiety and depression. I work collaboratively with a team of professionals who specialize in eating disorders; including therapists, nutritionists, medical doctors and Dr. Jeffrey DeSarbo, Psychiatrist, Founder and Medical Director of ED-180. I am a Trauma-Informed Therapist; Certified in EMDR and an Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapist.
(516) 209-4733 View (516) 209-4733
Photo of Mary Putman, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Mary Putman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Long Beach, NY 11561
My early training was in family systems.
I have almost 40 years of experience with a specialty in trauma work. I also work with adults experiencing anxiety and depression, loss and grief. I also have experience working with addictions. I do not see anyone under 18 years of age.
My early training was in family systems.
I have almost 40 years of experience with a specialty in trauma work. I also work with adults experiencing anxiety and depression, loss and grief. I also have experience working with addictions. I do not see anyone under 18 years of age.
(516) 253-2170 View (516) 253-2170
Photo of Heather Rizzo in Nassau County, NY
Heather Rizzo
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Garden City, NY 11530
Utilizing a diverse range of evidence-based therapeutic techniques, including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Family Systems Theory, and Positive Psychology, our collaborative journey aims to reduce stress and alleviate symptoms while fostering a focus on happiness and overall well-being.
Welcome to Great South Bay Therapy! I am one of the dedicated therapists specializing in working with children and families. My passion lies in creating a safe and nurturing space where individuals can explore, understand, and navigate the complexities of their lives.
Utilizing a diverse range of evidence-based therapeutic techniques, including Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Family Systems Theory, and Positive Psychology, our collaborative journey aims to reduce stress and alleviate symptoms while fostering a focus on happiness and overall well-being.
Welcome to Great South Bay Therapy! I am one of the dedicated therapists specializing in working with children and families. My passion lies in creating a safe and nurturing space where individuals can explore, understand, and navigate the complexities of their lives.
(516) 715-3287 View (516) 715-3287
Photo of Leighann Sapienza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Leighann Sapienza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wantagh, NY 11793  (Online Only)
Drawing from evidence-based practices, I utilize cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), motivational interviewing, and family systems therapy to meet your unique needs.
Welcome! I'm Leighann Sapienza, a licensed clinical social worker with over 5 years of experience providing therapy to individuals, families, and couples. Whether you're struggling with overwhelming stress, anxiety or navigating life transitions, I'm here to provide support and guidance every step of the way. With compassion and empathy as guiding principles, I'll work collaboratively with you to explore your concerns, identify goals, and implement strategies for positive change.
Drawing from evidence-based practices, I utilize cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), motivational interviewing, and family systems therapy to meet your unique needs.
Welcome! I'm Leighann Sapienza, a licensed clinical social worker with over 5 years of experience providing therapy to individuals, families, and couples. Whether you're struggling with overwhelming stress, anxiety or navigating life transitions, I'm here to provide support and guidance every step of the way. With compassion and empathy as guiding principles, I'll work collaboratively with you to explore your concerns, identify goals, and implement strategies for positive change.
(516) 212-6135 View (516) 212-6135
Photo of Staci Bryson Des Rault, Counselor in Nassau County, NY
Staci Bryson Des Rault
Counselor, LMHC, MDiv
Verified Verified
Massapequa, NY 11758  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My style is warm, supportive and personable drawing largely from person-centered, existentialist, cognitive-behavioral, and family systems approaches to counseling and psychotherapy.
Are you struggling with feelings of anxiety, depression, self-doubt or burnout? Do you feel like you are stuck in a rut? Have you been struggling to manage your emotions? Are you arguing more frequently with your partner, family or friends? Would you like to gain more self-awareness and mastery over your emotions and communicate better with loved ones? My areas of expertise include helping people recover from alcohol/drug abuse & addiction, trauma, family of origin issues, spiritual abuse & other crises of faith, grief, anxiety, relationship issues, and working through stage of life transitions.
My style is warm, supportive and personable drawing largely from person-centered, existentialist, cognitive-behavioral, and family systems approaches to counseling and psychotherapy.
Are you struggling with feelings of anxiety, depression, self-doubt or burnout? Do you feel like you are stuck in a rut? Have you been struggling to manage your emotions? Are you arguing more frequently with your partner, family or friends? Would you like to gain more self-awareness and mastery over your emotions and communicate better with loved ones? My areas of expertise include helping people recover from alcohol/drug abuse & addiction, trauma, family of origin issues, spiritual abuse & other crises of faith, grief, anxiety, relationship issues, and working through stage of life transitions.
(516) 613-4688 View (516) 613-4688
Photo of Masha (Maria) Leder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Masha (Maria) Leder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCATP, CIMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodbury, NY 11797
I use a mix of modalities such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, behavioral therapy (CBT), art therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), Internal Family Systems (IFS), NVC (Non-violent communication) and DBT.
I am here to give you a deeper sense of self and the tools to get where you wish to be. If you are in a dark place, on a life crossroads or grieving a loss of a loved one - please knock on my door and I will help you process your feelings and recognize your needs, after which we will start creating a new life for you! Together we will deal with depressed moods, anxiety (I will share an extensive anxiety tool box with you!) and stress. With me you will feel SEEN, gotten and cared for. You will feel empowered to go on, make life choices and handle everyday stress. You will feel supported. You can start creating new reality today!
I use a mix of modalities such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, behavioral therapy (CBT), art therapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), Internal Family Systems (IFS), NVC (Non-violent communication) and DBT.
I am here to give you a deeper sense of self and the tools to get where you wish to be. If you are in a dark place, on a life crossroads or grieving a loss of a loved one - please knock on my door and I will help you process your feelings and recognize your needs, after which we will start creating a new life for you! Together we will deal with depressed moods, anxiety (I will share an extensive anxiety tool box with you!) and stress. With me you will feel SEEN, gotten and cared for. You will feel empowered to go on, make life choices and handle everyday stress. You will feel supported. You can start creating new reality today!
(516) 530-8240 View (516) 530-8240
Photo of Tali Moskowitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Tali Moskowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, NY 11516
I am trained in Individual Family Systems (IFS) therapy, psychodynamic therapy as well as goal oriented treatment which will allow us to customize your therapy to meet your individual needs.
When life becomes challenging, therapy will help you navigate through the bumps in the road. Whether you are having a difficult time coping or going through a challenging life transition, therapy will help. We will work together to help you feel better and have the life you want. We will work together as a team to individual the therapy to suit your needs.
I am trained in Individual Family Systems (IFS) therapy, psychodynamic therapy as well as goal oriented treatment which will allow us to customize your therapy to meet your individual needs.
When life becomes challenging, therapy will help you navigate through the bumps in the road. Whether you are having a difficult time coping or going through a challenging life transition, therapy will help. We will work together to help you feel better and have the life you want. We will work together as a team to individual the therapy to suit your needs.
(516) 619-6405 View (516) 619-6405
Photo of Benjamin Turner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Benjamin Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CASAC, MSEd
Verified Verified
Long Beach, NY 11561  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and a Credentialed Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Counselor (CASAC Level 2). I have a Masters of Education in mental health, addictions, and marriage and family therapy. I have worked with families, adolescents and adults for over the 10 years in a variety of settings. I typically utilize a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Family Systems Therapy.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and a Credentialed Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Counselor (CASAC Level 2). I have a Masters of Education in mental health, addictions, and marriage and family therapy. I have worked with families, adolescents and adults for over the 10 years in a variety of settings. I typically utilize a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Family Systems Therapy.
(516) 928-4959 View (516) 928-4959
Photo of Megan Romano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Megan Romano
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Woodbury, NY 11797
As a solution-focused therapist trained in individual psychotherapy, trauma and family systems, I address an array or relationship issues within the context of various systems.
I understand how difficult it can be to decide to seek help for life's obstacles. In my practice, my goal is to help my clients become experts on themselves. Every end is a new beginning. If you're challenged with relationship issues, family conflict, parenting, a trauma history, depression, anxiety or have a child or an adolescent who is struggling with behavioral issues, or just looking for support and guidance through a challenging situation and looking to move in a new direction, I encourage you to let me help you with your experiences. I am dedicated to getting to the root of stuck patterns. There are techniques out there!
As a solution-focused therapist trained in individual psychotherapy, trauma and family systems, I address an array or relationship issues within the context of various systems.
I understand how difficult it can be to decide to seek help for life's obstacles. In my practice, my goal is to help my clients become experts on themselves. Every end is a new beginning. If you're challenged with relationship issues, family conflict, parenting, a trauma history, depression, anxiety or have a child or an adolescent who is struggling with behavioral issues, or just looking for support and guidance through a challenging situation and looking to move in a new direction, I encourage you to let me help you with your experiences. I am dedicated to getting to the root of stuck patterns. There are techniques out there!
(646) 845-0615 View (646) 845-0615
Photo of Cheryl Levy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Cheryl Levy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Farmingdale, NY 11735  (Online Only)
I am trained in Psychodynamic Therapy, Family Systems, EMDR and TFT.
Navigating life can be difficult, but more so if you have anxiety and depression or have faced trauma or loss. These feelings can cause you to feel overwhelmed and out of control. There are times in everyone's life when they can benefit from support, guidance and help in understanding why past coping skills may no longer be helpful. Through a non-judgement, supportive environment, I work with my clients to identify strengths, validate truths and explore patterns and beliefs that may no longer be helpful in attaining their goals. Virtual sessions are offered to make it easy to connect in the comfort of your home.
I am trained in Psychodynamic Therapy, Family Systems, EMDR and TFT.
Navigating life can be difficult, but more so if you have anxiety and depression or have faced trauma or loss. These feelings can cause you to feel overwhelmed and out of control. There are times in everyone's life when they can benefit from support, guidance and help in understanding why past coping skills may no longer be helpful. Through a non-judgement, supportive environment, I work with my clients to identify strengths, validate truths and explore patterns and beliefs that may no longer be helpful in attaining their goals. Virtual sessions are offered to make it easy to connect in the comfort of your home.
(631) 557-5145 View (631) 557-5145
Photo of Rachel (Rachie) Lasarow in Nassau County, NY
Rachel (Rachie) Lasarow
LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cedarhurst, NY 11516
Rachel Lasarow is a licensed clinical social worker practicing in both New York (in-person) and Texas (virtually). Rachel specializes in the treatment of adolescence, adults, and couples experiencing trauma, and also treats depression, anxiety, mood and personality. Valuing the importance of evidence-based care, Rachel has advanced training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT), and Internal Family Systems (IFS/parts work). In her clinical work, Rachel takes a goal-oriented approach within a variety of therapeutic modalities to to meet the unique needs of each of her clients.
Rachel Lasarow is a licensed clinical social worker practicing in both New York (in-person) and Texas (virtually). Rachel specializes in the treatment of adolescence, adults, and couples experiencing trauma, and also treats depression, anxiety, mood and personality. Valuing the importance of evidence-based care, Rachel has advanced training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT), and Internal Family Systems (IFS/parts work). In her clinical work, Rachel takes a goal-oriented approach within a variety of therapeutic modalities to to meet the unique needs of each of her clients.
(347) 236-3809 View (347) 236-3809
Photo of Sheila Torres, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Sheila Torres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Mineola, NY 11501
I borrow from a variety of theoretical modalities, including CBT, Mindfulness, and Family Systems, but I tailor my approach to meet the needs of my clients.
Life Is Hard! In today's climate many are struggling with anxiety and depression. Relationships are being tested. Individuals with addiction issues are struggling to maintain their recovery. Many feel disconnected, hopeless and doubt their ability to resolve their own problems. If you identify with these feelings, I can help you. I am an LCSW-R with years of clinical experience helping individuals and couples improve their lives. I have extensive experience working with individuals and loved ones impacted by addiction. I currently see clients remotely who reside in the state of NY. I also see clients in-person in Garden City, NY.
I borrow from a variety of theoretical modalities, including CBT, Mindfulness, and Family Systems, but I tailor my approach to meet the needs of my clients.
Life Is Hard! In today's climate many are struggling with anxiety and depression. Relationships are being tested. Individuals with addiction issues are struggling to maintain their recovery. Many feel disconnected, hopeless and doubt their ability to resolve their own problems. If you identify with these feelings, I can help you. I am an LCSW-R with years of clinical experience helping individuals and couples improve their lives. I have extensive experience working with individuals and loved ones impacted by addiction. I currently see clients remotely who reside in the state of NY. I also see clients in-person in Garden City, NY.
(516) 908-5758 View (516) 908-5758
Photo of Jody Ann Shelby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nassau County, NY
Jody Ann Shelby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CIT, CPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am well versed in CBT, psychodynamic, trauma, and family systems approaches and tailor the therapy to each person.
As a therapist with over 25 years of experience, I have been privileged to be part of positive change for individuals, families, and couples with a wide range of issues.I strive to form a collaborative, supportive, and professional relationship with clients. I prefer a "down to earth" approach where clients feel comfortable to speak freely without judgement. I understand how difficult it is to discuss issues related to anxiety, OCD, panic attacks, depression, self esteem, trauma, relationship issues, and situational stress. I appreciate the strength that is needed to talk about these issues and have great respect for all clients.
I am well versed in CBT, psychodynamic, trauma, and family systems approaches and tailor the therapy to each person.
As a therapist with over 25 years of experience, I have been privileged to be part of positive change for individuals, families, and couples with a wide range of issues.I strive to form a collaborative, supportive, and professional relationship with clients. I prefer a "down to earth" approach where clients feel comfortable to speak freely without judgement. I understand how difficult it is to discuss issues related to anxiety, OCD, panic attacks, depression, self esteem, trauma, relationship issues, and situational stress. I appreciate the strength that is needed to talk about these issues and have great respect for all clients.
(516) 234-5899 View (516) 234-5899

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Family Systems Therapists
Family Systems therapists view problems within the family as the result not of particular members' behaviors, but of the family's group dynamic. The family is seen as a complex system having its own language, roles, rules, beliefs, needs and patterns. The therapist helps each individual member understand how their childhood family operated, their role in that system, and how that experience has shaped their role in the current family.