Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA

Photo of Karen Juliet Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Karen Juliet Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
We all experience struggles in life with its unpredictable twists and turns. You are making a huge step in obtaining support to begin a journey of healing and growing. My goal is to provide a nurturing environment, empathetic and caring where clients feel safe to explore their lives. Over 12 years experience with therapy focus on interpersonal distresses such as anxiety, depression, breaking negative cycles, healing of emotional wounds, trauma, grief/loss, repairing and improving relationships. I focus on individuals, men, women, and young adults. All ethnicities and cultural backgrounds. Located in the Fair Oaks Village.
We all experience struggles in life with its unpredictable twists and turns. You are making a huge step in obtaining support to begin a journey of healing and growing. My goal is to provide a nurturing environment, empathetic and caring where clients feel safe to explore their lives. Over 12 years experience with therapy focus on interpersonal distresses such as anxiety, depression, breaking negative cycles, healing of emotional wounds, trauma, grief/loss, repairing and improving relationships. I focus on individuals, men, women, and young adults. All ethnicities and cultural backgrounds. Located in the Fair Oaks Village.
(916) 727-6428 View (916) 727-6428
Photo of Kenny J Hill Sr, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Fair Oaks, CA
Kenny J Hill Sr
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADC 3, IS, CPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Trauma: Trauma is part of the human condition, and past trauma will drive future behavioral choices. We will work on the trauma that is causing poor symptomology. Brainspotting is cutting-edge trauma treatment can speed up the healing process, so that life's previous experiences can stop controlling your present negative actions. (See https://www.recoveryhill.info/brainspotting-trauma-therapy to find out more). The act of researching for help makes the correct assumption that your life matters! My practice, Recovery Hill, specializes with Trauma & Substance Abuse, from adolescents to seniors, all genders, Vets & First Responders.
Trauma: Trauma is part of the human condition, and past trauma will drive future behavioral choices. We will work on the trauma that is causing poor symptomology. Brainspotting is cutting-edge trauma treatment can speed up the healing process, so that life's previous experiences can stop controlling your present negative actions. (See https://www.recoveryhill.info/brainspotting-trauma-therapy to find out more). The act of researching for help makes the correct assumption that your life matters! My practice, Recovery Hill, specializes with Trauma & Substance Abuse, from adolescents to seniors, all genders, Vets & First Responders.
(916) 721-2247 View (916) 721-2247
Photo of Jacqueline Caoile, Psychologist in Fair Oaks, CA
Jacqueline Caoile
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with adults of all ages and backgrounds seeking support and help for depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, and life transitions. When faced with challenges and changes in life, we tend to rely on old coping strategies that no longer work. Together, we will explore the origins of your symptoms and emotions, the effects of past experiences, and how to create new strategies that will bring inner peace in your life. With a particular focus on women experiencing major life transitions, I am passionate about helping women uncover aspects of themselves that can bring them to a place of self-acceptance and meaning in life.
I enjoy working with adults of all ages and backgrounds seeking support and help for depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, and life transitions. When faced with challenges and changes in life, we tend to rely on old coping strategies that no longer work. Together, we will explore the origins of your symptoms and emotions, the effects of past experiences, and how to create new strategies that will bring inner peace in your life. With a particular focus on women experiencing major life transitions, I am passionate about helping women uncover aspects of themselves that can bring them to a place of self-acceptance and meaning in life.
(916) 915-9724 View (916) 915-9724
Photo of Jamie Pepin, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Fair Oaks, CA
Jamie Pepin
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Are you navigating the complexities of conflict, carrying the weight of stress, or grappling with anxiety? Do you yearn for a sense of peace, well-being, and security in your life? If the desire for change is within you, the solution lies in therapy. Allow me to guide you on the journey toward optimal well-being and resilience. Regardless of the challenges you are facing your transformative journey starts here.
Are you navigating the complexities of conflict, carrying the weight of stress, or grappling with anxiety? Do you yearn for a sense of peace, well-being, and security in your life? If the desire for change is within you, the solution lies in therapy. Allow me to guide you on the journey toward optimal well-being and resilience. Regardless of the challenges you are facing your transformative journey starts here.
(916) 999-5201 View (916) 999-5201
Photo of Community Counseling Associates, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Community Counseling Associates
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Our ideal client appreciates investing in the counseling process and knows its benefits. They value ongoing learning and personal growth. They understand a relationship with self, God and others is foundational to functioning well and handling the challenges of life. Our ideal client agrees to invest their trust in us (because we are trustworthy) and will dive deep to grow and be transformed into the best version of themselves. They know that whether they are ideal or not, they are also broken as human beings and are fully loved and appreciated in the midst of however they are! Our clients personal beliefs will be fully respected.
Our ideal client appreciates investing in the counseling process and knows its benefits. They value ongoing learning and personal growth. They understand a relationship with self, God and others is foundational to functioning well and handling the challenges of life. Our ideal client agrees to invest their trust in us (because we are trustworthy) and will dive deep to grow and be transformed into the best version of themselves. They know that whether they are ideal or not, they are also broken as human beings and are fully loved and appreciated in the midst of however they are! Our clients personal beliefs will be fully respected.
(916) 633-7548 x855 View (916) 633-7548 x855
Photo of Kristina Albright, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fair Oaks, CA
Kristina Albright
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I enjoy working with clients from every background who are struggling with trauma, stress, grief, loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or anything that keeps them from feeling like the best version of themselves. To sit with someone in their hardest times is an honor and I feel privileged to have the opportunity to provide support and guidance when they reach out for help. I am passionate about serving others, especially first responders, front line workers and those suffering from the effects of trauma.
I enjoy working with clients from every background who are struggling with trauma, stress, grief, loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or anything that keeps them from feeling like the best version of themselves. To sit with someone in their hardest times is an honor and I feel privileged to have the opportunity to provide support and guidance when they reach out for help. I am passionate about serving others, especially first responders, front line workers and those suffering from the effects of trauma.
(279) 400-1317 View (279) 400-1317
Photo of Ciara Scott Erler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Ciara Scott Erler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My practice is focused on empowering people to take charge of their lives and work towards goals that they set for themselves. I support individuals, couples and families in identifying patterns that are not working for them and creating cooperative relational dynamics. I enjoy helping people see themselves from a strengths perspective, creating a powerful counter message to the negative messages they may have received.
My practice is focused on empowering people to take charge of their lives and work towards goals that they set for themselves. I support individuals, couples and families in identifying patterns that are not working for them and creating cooperative relational dynamics. I enjoy helping people see themselves from a strengths perspective, creating a powerful counter message to the negative messages they may have received.
(279) 205-4642 View (279) 205-4642
Photo of Marilynn S Irvine, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Marilynn S Irvine
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling to overcome life challenges that seem bigger than you are? Do you find yourself internally preoccupied, at the expense of living a rich and fulfilling life? Is it time to emerge from a difficult past and move forward into an empowered, rewarding, and satisfying future? If you're ready for a personalized coaching/healing experience, aimed towards reclaiming health and vitality, then let's do some good work together!
Are you struggling to overcome life challenges that seem bigger than you are? Do you find yourself internally preoccupied, at the expense of living a rich and fulfilling life? Is it time to emerge from a difficult past and move forward into an empowered, rewarding, and satisfying future? If you're ready for a personalized coaching/healing experience, aimed towards reclaiming health and vitality, then let's do some good work together!
(916) 459-2230 View (916) 459-2230
Photo of Amy Nelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Amy Nelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! I'm thrilled to be considered as part of your wellbeing journey. I'm a LCSW with over 3 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Prior to becoming a clinician, I worked for many years in the early childhood education field and as a counselor for teens in a residential setting. I have graduate degrees in both human and social services (2019) and social work (2021). Presently, I'm working on my PhD in social work at Walden University. I'm passionate about the benefits of therapy and the positive difference a caring relationship with a therapist can bring.
Hello and welcome! I'm thrilled to be considered as part of your wellbeing journey. I'm a LCSW with over 3 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Prior to becoming a clinician, I worked for many years in the early childhood education field and as a counselor for teens in a residential setting. I have graduate degrees in both human and social services (2019) and social work (2021). Presently, I'm working on my PhD in social work at Walden University. I'm passionate about the benefits of therapy and the positive difference a caring relationship with a therapist can bring.
(279) 465-0475 View (279) 465-0475
Photo of Relationship Therapy Center - Get in Quickly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Relationship Therapy Center - Get in Quickly
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Gottman, Cert
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Couples: It used to be you and your partner against the world, but now you can't even start a conversation without the same patterns of miscommunication leading to a fight or more distance. Sex life? Yeah, we used to have one. You are craving that feeling of being on the same page, feeling connected, cared for, loved, having great conversations and having fun together. Maybe you've lived too long in misery, but it's not too late. Resuscitate your relationship, renew your passion, have joy again. Work with highly trained couples therapists that practice a proven method of getting you results. Don't waste time looking elsewhere.
Couples: It used to be you and your partner against the world, but now you can't even start a conversation without the same patterns of miscommunication leading to a fight or more distance. Sex life? Yeah, we used to have one. You are craving that feeling of being on the same page, feeling connected, cared for, loved, having great conversations and having fun together. Maybe you've lived too long in misery, but it's not too late. Resuscitate your relationship, renew your passion, have joy again. Work with highly trained couples therapists that practice a proven method of getting you results. Don't waste time looking elsewhere.
(530) 903-5579 View (530) 903-5579
Photo of Janet Greenwood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Janet Greenwood
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, RN, MFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I specialize in working with couples wanting to recover from a crisis. I offer over 30 years experience as a Certified Imago Relationship Therapist, PhD, RN, Licensed marriage therapist. You can select either our 10 Hour Couples Program or the 5 hour private Intensive Couples Session. Prevent unnecessary divorce; change begins the first session. Increase emotional and physical intimacy and fall back in love with your partner.
I specialize in working with couples wanting to recover from a crisis. I offer over 30 years experience as a Certified Imago Relationship Therapist, PhD, RN, Licensed marriage therapist. You can select either our 10 Hour Couples Program or the 5 hour private Intensive Couples Session. Prevent unnecessary divorce; change begins the first session. Increase emotional and physical intimacy and fall back in love with your partner.
(916) 546-1518 View (916) 546-1518
Photo of David M Cropp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
David M Cropp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I help those who wish to overcome the myriad cognitive and physiological influences of interpersonal trauma. My practice concentrates on victims / survivors of domestic violence, as well as abusive partners who wish to grow and enhance the quality of their lives and relationships.
I help those who wish to overcome the myriad cognitive and physiological influences of interpersonal trauma. My practice concentrates on victims / survivors of domestic violence, as well as abusive partners who wish to grow and enhance the quality of their lives and relationships.
(916) 526-3460 View (916) 526-3460
Photo of Tyler Harston, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fair Oaks, CA
Tyler Harston
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT , CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Waitlist for new clients
My work focuses on helping people find more understanding and fulfillment in themselves and their relationships. I often work with those suffering with shame, trauma, repressed emotions, and relational conflict. I enjoy facilitating with couples, individuals, and families by way of practical approaches, a non-judgmental ear, and perspective-lending observation. I believe precise language and nonverbal communication can be hugely impactful on relationships. Having a safe place to reflect on and identify your personal and relational dynamics can lead to more awareness, skills, and peace in your life.
My work focuses on helping people find more understanding and fulfillment in themselves and their relationships. I often work with those suffering with shame, trauma, repressed emotions, and relational conflict. I enjoy facilitating with couples, individuals, and families by way of practical approaches, a non-judgmental ear, and perspective-lending observation. I believe precise language and nonverbal communication can be hugely impactful on relationships. Having a safe place to reflect on and identify your personal and relational dynamics can lead to more awareness, skills, and peace in your life.
(916) 866-8019 View (916) 866-8019
Photo of Heather Graviet, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Heather Graviet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I'm so glad you're here. Reaching out to begin therapy is sometimes a challenging step, but life is hard and it's okay (and a sign of strength) to recognize that we all need help figuring things out at some point or another. Therapy should be a safe space for you to be able to explore your current stressors and be curious about your thought process.
Welcome! I'm so glad you're here. Reaching out to begin therapy is sometimes a challenging step, but life is hard and it's okay (and a sign of strength) to recognize that we all need help figuring things out at some point or another. Therapy should be a safe space for you to be able to explore your current stressors and be curious about your thought process.
(279) 529-0057 View (279) 529-0057
Photo of Constance Goins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Constance Goins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADCII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Has depression, anxiety, chronic pain, or substance use tugged you off the course you thought your life would take? I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find meaning and fulfillment in life. With the right support, we can work to promote your recovery and better understand the core elements upholding addictive patterns and states of unwellness in your life. Teaching people how to love themselves first and to prioritize their mental and physical health is a critical first step to break the cycle of addiction.
Has depression, anxiety, chronic pain, or substance use tugged you off the course you thought your life would take? I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find meaning and fulfillment in life. With the right support, we can work to promote your recovery and better understand the core elements upholding addictive patterns and states of unwellness in your life. Teaching people how to love themselves first and to prioritize their mental and physical health is a critical first step to break the cycle of addiction.
(916) 655-9864 View (916) 655-9864
Photo of Holli Jo Zandona, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Holli Jo Zandona
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression or general dissatisfaction in areas of your life? Whether it's a life transition, relationship stress or time to do some personal growth, it can be difficult to embark down that path feeling overwhelmed and alone. Together, we can identify and build strengths you already possess as well as learn new skills to manage difficult thoughts and emotions which may provide relief, increased satisfaction and ability to move forward in life.
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression or general dissatisfaction in areas of your life? Whether it's a life transition, relationship stress or time to do some personal growth, it can be difficult to embark down that path feeling overwhelmed and alone. Together, we can identify and build strengths you already possess as well as learn new skills to manage difficult thoughts and emotions which may provide relief, increased satisfaction and ability to move forward in life.
(279) 800-3709 View (279) 800-3709
Photo of Bre Canclini, Occupational Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Bre Canclini
Occupational Therapist, MFT -T, ASDCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Is your child having trouble in school? Trouble focusing? Have outbursts? Have a hard time regulating their body or emotions? Are they always on the move? Trauma-informed occupational therapists (OT) are uniquely equipped to support these children and those who are from a variety of backgrounds. These include those who have experienced trauma, high-stress experiences, tested positive for drugs/ alcohol when born, medical trauma, exposure to abuse, or community violence. Especially those who have experienced attachment wounding through separation from their parents (foster care, adoption, or due to parent medical challenges/ jail).
Is your child having trouble in school? Trouble focusing? Have outbursts? Have a hard time regulating their body or emotions? Are they always on the move? Trauma-informed occupational therapists (OT) are uniquely equipped to support these children and those who are from a variety of backgrounds. These include those who have experienced trauma, high-stress experiences, tested positive for drugs/ alcohol when born, medical trauma, exposure to abuse, or community violence. Especially those who have experienced attachment wounding through separation from their parents (foster care, adoption, or due to parent medical challenges/ jail).
(916) 836-2902 View (916) 836-2902
Photo of Diana Dicker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Diana Dicker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in children, adolescents, individuals and couples. My approach to therapy is based on the premise that each person has the ability to lead a fulfilling and productive life. Stress, lack of knowledge, losses, family and societal pressures all affect our self-portrait. Therapy is a safe place where a person can develop a more accurate and healthy view of one self. Our self-image and relationships are not static: they are dynamically changing. My approach includes a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral, Person-Centered, and Family Therapy.
I specialize in children, adolescents, individuals and couples. My approach to therapy is based on the premise that each person has the ability to lead a fulfilling and productive life. Stress, lack of knowledge, losses, family and societal pressures all affect our self-portrait. Therapy is a safe place where a person can develop a more accurate and healthy view of one self. Our self-image and relationships are not static: they are dynamically changing. My approach includes a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral, Person-Centered, and Family Therapy.
(916) 472-2581 View (916) 472-2581
Photo of Community Counseling Associates, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Fair Oaks, CA
Community Counseling Associates
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Life will give you lemons and my job is to help you make it into lemonade. I approach therapy with an attitude that therapy shouldn’t come full of shame and blame. My hope is to make everyone feel comfortable and accepted as we go through the growth and change it takes to thrive.
Life will give you lemons and my job is to help you make it into lemonade. I approach therapy with an attitude that therapy shouldn’t come full of shame and blame. My hope is to make everyone feel comfortable and accepted as we go through the growth and change it takes to thrive.
(279) 201-5808 View (279) 201-5808
Photo of Jan Osborn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Jan Osborn
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I have provided individual, couple and family therapy to the community for 25 years and strongly believe that healing and growth is possible. Particular specialties include couple and family therapy including LGBT, anxiety, addiction, grief, and trauma. I utilize both traditional therapy and EMDR (for trauma). We all have past hurts and traumas. Until healed these impact our current relationships and EMDR is a quicker treatment with lasting results.
I have provided individual, couple and family therapy to the community for 25 years and strongly believe that healing and growth is possible. Particular specialties include couple and family therapy including LGBT, anxiety, addiction, grief, and trauma. I utilize both traditional therapy and EMDR (for trauma). We all have past hurts and traumas. Until healed these impact our current relationships and EMDR is a quicker treatment with lasting results.
(916) 525-7900 View (916) 525-7900

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
93% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
74% Grief
74% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Optum
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
53% Aetna

How Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fair Oaks?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.