Family Therapy in Lake Ridge, VA

Photo of Emmanuel Roy Smith Sr. Esq., Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Emmanuel Roy Smith Sr. Esq.
Counselor, BBA, LLB, MA, RIC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
I provide therapeutic counseling at the REACH Therapeutic Center and as well with the Inner City Family Services in DC.
I believe that empowerment and encouragement through the use of counseling strategies can help promote and build positive life skills to help improve interpersonal relationships, reduce stress, and anger. My passion for counseling is to help create positive change or adjustments for each individual that I counsel. I apply a variety of counseling strategies and approaches, and believe in their situational application. I have extensive experience working with adults, children with: depression, social issues, grief, relationships, conflict resolutions, anger management, anxieties, spiritual concerns, post-traumatic stress disorder
I provide therapeutic counseling at the REACH Therapeutic Center and as well with the Inner City Family Services in DC.
I believe that empowerment and encouragement through the use of counseling strategies can help promote and build positive life skills to help improve interpersonal relationships, reduce stress, and anger. My passion for counseling is to help create positive change or adjustments for each individual that I counsel. I apply a variety of counseling strategies and approaches, and believe in their situational application. I have extensive experience working with adults, children with: depression, social issues, grief, relationships, conflict resolutions, anger management, anxieties, spiritual concerns, post-traumatic stress disorder
(703) 935-4594 View (703) 935-4594
Photo of Rita M Romano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lake Ridge, VA
Rita M Romano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
My training involves the study of not only the individual, but also the systems within which the individual functions, such as the family and society.
I have a healthy respect for the difficulties and complexities of life and will provide a non-judgemental environment for individuals or couples to explore solutions to the problems they face. The most common issues I work with are depression, anxiety, trauma and relationship problems. I like to look at what is working in a person's life and to promote wellness, as opposed to focusing on pathology or sickness. I find that once an individual focuses on specific goals, it does not take a long time to make significant movement in a positive direction.
My training involves the study of not only the individual, but also the systems within which the individual functions, such as the family and society.
I have a healthy respect for the difficulties and complexities of life and will provide a non-judgemental environment for individuals or couples to explore solutions to the problems they face. The most common issues I work with are depression, anxiety, trauma and relationship problems. I like to look at what is working in a person's life and to promote wellness, as opposed to focusing on pathology or sickness. I find that once an individual focuses on specific goals, it does not take a long time to make significant movement in a positive direction.
(703) 594-8052 View (703) 594-8052
Photo of Andranita Dogan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Andranita Dogan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
I want you to know that you are not alone. No matter what has happened to you in your past, or even what is going on with you now, I can be a warm ear to listen and help you to find your inner voice.
I want you to know that you are not alone. No matter what has happened to you in your past, or even what is going on with you now, I can be a warm ear to listen and help you to find your inner voice.
(703) 783-9741 View (703) 783-9741
Photo of Anew Hope LLC, Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Anew Hope LLC
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CCMHC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
Anew Hope LLC is Mental Health Counseling provider, meeting your mental health needs online and in office. Do you experience sleep disturbances more than twice a week? Did you transition from the military and find civilian life stressful? Are you a student with a busy work & school life that's not quite balancing out? Did you just end a relationship? Call us and get scheduled.
Anew Hope LLC is Mental Health Counseling provider, meeting your mental health needs online and in office. Do you experience sleep disturbances more than twice a week? Did you transition from the military and find civilian life stressful? Are you a student with a busy work & school life that's not quite balancing out? Did you just end a relationship? Call us and get scheduled.
(703) 972-1641 View (703) 972-1641
Photo of McCleary Psychological Services, Psychologist in Lake Ridge, VA
McCleary Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
McCleary Psychological Services (MPS) provides psychological evaluations and evidence-based therapy. We conduct psychological evaluations to assist with diagnosis clarification and provide treatment recommendations, to include evaluations for ADHD; Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cognitive Disorders, and Learning Disabilities. We also offer bariatric, pre-employment, court-ordered, and immigration evaluations.
McCleary Psychological Services (MPS) provides psychological evaluations and evidence-based therapy. We conduct psychological evaluations to assist with diagnosis clarification and provide treatment recommendations, to include evaluations for ADHD; Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cognitive Disorders, and Learning Disabilities. We also offer bariatric, pre-employment, court-ordered, and immigration evaluations.
(703) 879-8242 View (703) 879-8242
Photo of Joanne Thomas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Joanne Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
Have you been struggling with trauma history, anxiety or depressive symptoms? Are you looking for someone with an empathetic ear? Have you been looking for the type of counselor who will be honest and interject humor while providing that encouragement to achieve your goals?
Have you been struggling with trauma history, anxiety or depressive symptoms? Are you looking for someone with an empathetic ear? Have you been looking for the type of counselor who will be honest and interject humor while providing that encouragement to achieve your goals?
(540) 724-8620 View (540) 724-8620
Photo of Kelly Kramer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Lake Ridge, VA
Kelly Kramer
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCr
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
As a resident in counseling, I’m committed to helping people who have experienced something traumatizing in their life, people who are looking for someone to help them make sense of what has happened to them, or people who feel like they have no one to turn to for support. I have experience working with adults and adolescents who have experienced single instance and chronic trauma, interpersonal trauma, childhood/developmental trauma, domestic violence, sexual trauma, and relationship concerns.
As a resident in counseling, I’m committed to helping people who have experienced something traumatizing in their life, people who are looking for someone to help them make sense of what has happened to them, or people who feel like they have no one to turn to for support. I have experience working with adults and adolescents who have experienced single instance and chronic trauma, interpersonal trauma, childhood/developmental trauma, domestic violence, sexual trauma, and relationship concerns.
(571) 374-1841 View (571) 374-1841
Photo of Laura Bell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Laura Bell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lake Ridge, VA 22192  (Online Only)
As an EMDR Certified therapist, I am client-focused and with with adolescents, teenagers, college students and adults. I will be a non judgmental sounding board for all of your challenges. As my client, you will feel heard and accepted. You can walk away from our sessions knowing I believe in your ability to make your life better.
As an EMDR Certified therapist, I am client-focused and with with adolescents, teenagers, college students and adults. I will be a non judgmental sounding board for all of your challenges. As my client, you will feel heard and accepted. You can walk away from our sessions knowing I believe in your ability to make your life better.
(571) 200-0830 View (571) 200-0830
Photo of Nicole Ronayne, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Nicole Ronayne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lake Ridge, VA 22192
I am a dedicated/passionate/skilled and caring licensed professional counselor who believes in the healing power of connection, change, and individual empowerment. My approach is based on evidence-based theories that encourage personal exploration of ourselves, our experiences, and how we relate to others in order to gain valuable insight, awareness, and understanding. Clients working with me can expect a safe, validating, compassionate, empathic, confidential, genuine, and collaborative space where clients are encouraged to take the time for themselves and explore what matters most in their lives.
I am a dedicated/passionate/skilled and caring licensed professional counselor who believes in the healing power of connection, change, and individual empowerment. My approach is based on evidence-based theories that encourage personal exploration of ourselves, our experiences, and how we relate to others in order to gain valuable insight, awareness, and understanding. Clients working with me can expect a safe, validating, compassionate, empathic, confidential, genuine, and collaborative space where clients are encouraged to take the time for themselves and explore what matters most in their lives.
(571) 322-8059 View (571) 322-8059

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Counseling and Forensic Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Counseling and Forensic Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Woodbridge, VA 22192  (Online Only)
I have worked with variety of issues including marital and family dynamics issues, blended families, parenting and co-parenting issues with concentration on cultural influences, in a wide age range starting early childhood to late adulthood.
My name is Shideh Sarmadi, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia. My goal as counselor is to empower client to mindfully change their lives in a positive manner by focusing on recovery and welfare and promote healthy personal growth. I completed a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology in 1998 and earned a Master’s Degree in Community Counseling, focused on Multicultural Counseling in 2002 in University of North Carolina at Charlotte. experienced in variety of mental health settings including outpatient, inpatient, emergency services and psychiatric research.
I have worked with variety of issues including marital and family dynamics issues, blended families, parenting and co-parenting issues with concentration on cultural influences, in a wide age range starting early childhood to late adulthood.
My name is Shideh Sarmadi, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia. My goal as counselor is to empower client to mindfully change their lives in a positive manner by focusing on recovery and welfare and promote healthy personal growth. I completed a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology in 1998 and earned a Master’s Degree in Community Counseling, focused on Multicultural Counseling in 2002 in University of North Carolina at Charlotte. experienced in variety of mental health settings including outpatient, inpatient, emergency services and psychiatric research.
(571) 380-7543 x808 View (571) 380-7543 x808
Photo of Talifa Bailey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Talifa Bailey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Woodbridge, VA 22193  (Online Only)
I provide person-centered individual, couples and family therapy utilizing an array of therapeutic approaches and interventions to meet the specific needs of my clients.
Are you suffering from trauma, depression or anxiety that has left you feeling hopeless, unmotivated and in despair? Have you ever wondered how the closest relationship(s) in your life shifted from being your source of pure joy to causing you to feel overwhelmed? Maybe your relationship/marriage feels like it's falling apart, or you're unable to spend quality time with your child(ren) without arguments/conflict. Could it be that divorce has taken a toll on your entire family and what you thought would finally bring peace appears to have destroyed everyone’s lives? Are you have difficulty seeing a path forward? This is a safe space!
I provide person-centered individual, couples and family therapy utilizing an array of therapeutic approaches and interventions to meet the specific needs of my clients.
Are you suffering from trauma, depression or anxiety that has left you feeling hopeless, unmotivated and in despair? Have you ever wondered how the closest relationship(s) in your life shifted from being your source of pure joy to causing you to feel overwhelmed? Maybe your relationship/marriage feels like it's falling apart, or you're unable to spend quality time with your child(ren) without arguments/conflict. Could it be that divorce has taken a toll on your entire family and what you thought would finally bring peace appears to have destroyed everyone’s lives? Are you have difficulty seeing a path forward? This is a safe space!
(571) 570-3470 View (571) 570-3470
Photo of Autumn McCain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Lake Ridge, VA
Autumn McCain
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
You are always enough regardless. Just show up as you are; it is okay and welcomed. This is a place of gentleness, empathy, compassion, and authenticity. We are here to both figuratively and literally walk alongside you in your therapy journey either as an individual, couple, or family. Here it is not about what is wrong with you; it is about what has happened to you OR about the negative cycle that you have been stuck in. We make sense of it together. Mutually, we make sense of the brokenness, the pain, the relational distress. All behavior has context and fractures in relationships can be healed.
You are always enough regardless. Just show up as you are; it is okay and welcomed. This is a place of gentleness, empathy, compassion, and authenticity. We are here to both figuratively and literally walk alongside you in your therapy journey either as an individual, couple, or family. Here it is not about what is wrong with you; it is about what has happened to you OR about the negative cycle that you have been stuck in. We make sense of it together. Mutually, we make sense of the brokenness, the pain, the relational distress. All behavior has context and fractures in relationships can be healed.
(571) 789-2263 View (571) 789-2263
Photo of Tiffany Perry-Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Tiffany Perry-Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Woodbridge, VA 22193  (Online Only)
I utilize Integrative Theory to effectively treat the unique concerns of each individual and family within a Relational Cultural Theory framework.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Counselor in the state of Virginia who has over 10 years of experience collaborating with adolescents, families, adults, and couples seeking help for a variety of concerns. I am also a full-time PhD student, which is currently limiting my availability. Additionally, I have a passion in working with LGBT+, minoritzed, and racialized populations. I provide an egalitarian space where we collaborate to reach your goals, that is heavily dependent on how you define it.
I utilize Integrative Theory to effectively treat the unique concerns of each individual and family within a Relational Cultural Theory framework.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Counselor in the state of Virginia who has over 10 years of experience collaborating with adolescents, families, adults, and couples seeking help for a variety of concerns. I am also a full-time PhD student, which is currently limiting my availability. Additionally, I have a passion in working with LGBT+, minoritzed, and racialized populations. I provide an egalitarian space where we collaborate to reach your goals, that is heavily dependent on how you define it.
(703) 490-0336 View (703) 490-0336
Photo of Marriage and Family Therapy Solutions, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Lake Ridge, VA
Marriage and Family Therapy Solutions, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Prince William, VA 22192
Waitlist for new clients
Providing supervision to LPC and LMFT Clinical Residents. As the spouse of a retired military service member, my passion is working with people whose work is serving others; military service members, health care professionals, government employees and teachers. I am a systems therapist and look at how each person is impacted by their entire system i.e. family, friends, work and school. My goal is to help people learn more about themselves, the choices they make, how they communicate with others and how they cope with the stresses of life. Together we will work towards meeting your specific and unique treatment goals.
Providing supervision to LPC and LMFT Clinical Residents. As the spouse of a retired military service member, my passion is working with people whose work is serving others; military service members, health care professionals, government employees and teachers. I am a systems therapist and look at how each person is impacted by their entire system i.e. family, friends, work and school. My goal is to help people learn more about themselves, the choices they make, how they communicate with others and how they cope with the stresses of life. Together we will work towards meeting your specific and unique treatment goals.
(571) 777-0306 View (571) 777-0306
Photo of Kerry A Jetton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lake Ridge, VA
Kerry A Jetton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Occoquan, VA 22125
I specialize in Trauma, PTSD, self-harming behaviors, Anxiety, OCD, adjustment issues, and Family Therapy.
I'm here to help. Life is full of struggles and difficulties that can affect the way we see and interact with the world. I am here to help you explore what is needed to enable you to live your full and authentic life moving forward. I am here to help you process your pain, and to move past it. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I treat Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Trauma, BPD, self-harming behaviors, social and adjustment issues, and family issues. I use a variety of evidence-based therapies, including EMDR, CBT, DBT, Mindfulness, Play Therapy and Sand Tray Therapy.
I specialize in Trauma, PTSD, self-harming behaviors, Anxiety, OCD, adjustment issues, and Family Therapy.
I'm here to help. Life is full of struggles and difficulties that can affect the way we see and interact with the world. I am here to help you explore what is needed to enable you to live your full and authentic life moving forward. I am here to help you process your pain, and to move past it. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I treat Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Trauma, BPD, self-harming behaviors, social and adjustment issues, and family issues. I use a variety of evidence-based therapies, including EMDR, CBT, DBT, Mindfulness, Play Therapy and Sand Tray Therapy.
(571) 998-1653 View (571) 998-1653
Photo of Shirrie Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Shirrie Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Prince William, VA 22192  (Online Only)
I have an undergraduate degree in Psychology from George Mason University and a Master’s Degree in Human Resource with a specialization in Marital, Couples, and Family Counseling from Capella University.
Currently, I work at two online locations Supporting the Journey Counseling and Haymarket Counseling. I have worked in a non-profit, private practice, hospital, and with the juvenile correction system.  I have experience in providing therapy to adolescents, individuals, couples, families, mental health and substance abuse groups. I have been working with adolescents since 2002; dealing with depression, anger, self-esteem, personal/social issues, conflict management, and risky behaviors. I specialize in working with couple conflicts and adults with depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, PTSD, and relationship issues.
I have an undergraduate degree in Psychology from George Mason University and a Master’s Degree in Human Resource with a specialization in Marital, Couples, and Family Counseling from Capella University.
Currently, I work at two online locations Supporting the Journey Counseling and Haymarket Counseling. I have worked in a non-profit, private practice, hospital, and with the juvenile correction system.  I have experience in providing therapy to adolescents, individuals, couples, families, mental health and substance abuse groups. I have been working with adolescents since 2002; dealing with depression, anger, self-esteem, personal/social issues, conflict management, and risky behaviors. I specialize in working with couple conflicts and adults with depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, PTSD, and relationship issues.
(571) 462-6271 View (571) 462-6271
Photo of Ashley Patrican, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Ashley Patrican
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192  (Online Only)
I will look at your family history, marital status and relationship style and communication style and medical background.
I believe that therapy is about the journey towards self-discovery and joining that person on a quest to seek out the answers they already have within themselves. The ideal client is a person who is open to learning, determined to self-improve and committed to the therapeutic relationship. My experiences with mental health range from: autism, mood disorders, postpartum depression, lyme disease, suicide ideation, gender identity concerns,personality disorders, chronic pain, trauma, behavioral management, social skills training, parent training, psychosis to substance use.. My career background is in schools, crisis stabilization, home-based counseling and working with INOVA.
I will look at your family history, marital status and relationship style and communication style and medical background.
I believe that therapy is about the journey towards self-discovery and joining that person on a quest to seek out the answers they already have within themselves. The ideal client is a person who is open to learning, determined to self-improve and committed to the therapeutic relationship. My experiences with mental health range from: autism, mood disorders, postpartum depression, lyme disease, suicide ideation, gender identity concerns,personality disorders, chronic pain, trauma, behavioral management, social skills training, parent training, psychosis to substance use.. My career background is in schools, crisis stabilization, home-based counseling and working with INOVA.
(571) 474-3064 View (571) 474-3064
Photo of Lois Asemnor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lake Ridge, VA
Lois Asemnor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MFT
Verified Verified
Woodbridge, VA 22192  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach is holistic, grounded in the principles of Family Systems Theory and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) integrated with Biblical values.
I am dedicated to helping individuals navigate life’s challenges, assisting them in finding purpose by identifying negative systems and patterns in their lives, and collaboratively creating new, empowering ones. I believe in making the therapeutic journey engaging and enjoyable, providing a platform where individuals can explore, grow, and ultimately find healing.
My therapeutic approach is holistic, grounded in the principles of Family Systems Theory and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) integrated with Biblical values.
I am dedicated to helping individuals navigate life’s challenges, assisting them in finding purpose by identifying negative systems and patterns in their lives, and collaboratively creating new, empowering ones. I believe in making the therapeutic journey engaging and enjoyable, providing a platform where individuals can explore, grow, and ultimately find healing.
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Photo of Amanda Kelsheimer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lake Ridge, VA
Amanda Kelsheimer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
I also work with parents to identify ways in which their own attachment history and family of origin experiences may be influencing their current parenting strategies and family dynamics.
I work with adult individuals and children aged 2-18 and their families/caregivers. I focus on supporting clients to creatively turn their pain into coping skills, missed connections into secure relationships, and problematic behaviors into strengths and resiliency. I focus on practical, real-world strategies that build security and connection through a balance of nurture, engagement, structure, and challenge. These strategies are a resource that can then be utilized through different life experiences, stages, and adversity. I support children and caregivers alike to learn new ways of responding, guiding, and supporting one another.
I also work with parents to identify ways in which their own attachment history and family of origin experiences may be influencing their current parenting strategies and family dynamics.
I work with adult individuals and children aged 2-18 and their families/caregivers. I focus on supporting clients to creatively turn their pain into coping skills, missed connections into secure relationships, and problematic behaviors into strengths and resiliency. I focus on practical, real-world strategies that build security and connection through a balance of nurture, engagement, structure, and challenge. These strategies are a resource that can then be utilized through different life experiences, stages, and adversity. I support children and caregivers alike to learn new ways of responding, guiding, and supporting one another.
(703) 596-8698 View (703) 596-8698
Photo of Healing Touch Counseling and Wellness, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lake Ridge, VA
Healing Touch Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, LMHC, CSAT, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
By identifying how you both got to this place, we’ll have the context and information to explore the right path forward for your partner, your family, and yourself.
Where did things go so wrong? Your marriage used to be a source of strength and comfort. Now, it feels like a cage that you can’t escape from. You and your husband avoid each other – staying late at work, running unnecessary chores, and always taking the long way home. When you do spend time together, it feels more like being around a hostile roommate than your “soulmate.” A part of you wants to just call it quits – cut your losses and start over. But what about the kids? What about the future you’ve worked so hard to build? You’re not ready to throw in the towel yet, but you don’t if there’s a way forward. It feels hopeless.
By identifying how you both got to this place, we’ll have the context and information to explore the right path forward for your partner, your family, and yourself.
Where did things go so wrong? Your marriage used to be a source of strength and comfort. Now, it feels like a cage that you can’t escape from. You and your husband avoid each other – staying late at work, running unnecessary chores, and always taking the long way home. When you do spend time together, it feels more like being around a hostile roommate than your “soulmate.” A part of you wants to just call it quits – cut your losses and start over. But what about the kids? What about the future you’ve worked so hard to build? You’re not ready to throw in the towel yet, but you don’t if there’s a way forward. It feels hopeless.
(571) 200-7119 View (571) 200-7119

Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.