Photo of Marina M Chernyak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Marina M Chernyak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11223
I have been a mental health professional for over 20 years. I received my Master's Degree in Social Work from New York University. My professional experience ranges from working with adults and the elderly, to young adults and teenagers. I see patients for individual therapy, couples therapy and family therapy. I specialize in a wide range of issues including but not limited to: anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, poor social skills, struggles with work life, struggles with personal life, vertigo, daytime sleepiness, addiction, eating disorders, anger management, people with immigration history or immigrant families, postpartum depression, phobias/panic attacks.
I have been a mental health professional for over 20 years. I received my Master's Degree in Social Work from New York University. My professional experience ranges from working with adults and the elderly, to young adults and teenagers. I see patients for individual therapy, couples therapy and family therapy. I specialize in a wide range of issues including but not limited to: anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, poor social skills, struggles with work life, struggles with personal life, vertigo, daytime sleepiness, addiction, eating disorders, anger management, people with immigration history or immigrant families, postpartum depression, phobias/panic attacks.
(646) 762-6166 View (646) 762-6166
Photo of Daniel John Brooks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Daniel John Brooks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11217
I hold specializations in group, family and couples therapy as well as a cerification in the unique patterns established in gay.
Change is inevitable but the passageway to it is difficult to navigate alone. Psychotherapy is a collaborative effort between client and therapist to aid in that journey. This is achieved through a careful look at the ingredients in life that have resulted in a unique recipe for self-structure and patterning in each person. To change the recipe is to recalculate it's components, gradually sifting out past patterns that have led to disappointment or loss and replace them with others that lead to personal fulfillment. These patterns manifest themselves in work, personal and parenting concerns.
I hold specializations in group, family and couples therapy as well as a cerification in the unique patterns established in gay.
Change is inevitable but the passageway to it is difficult to navigate alone. Psychotherapy is a collaborative effort between client and therapist to aid in that journey. This is achieved through a careful look at the ingredients in life that have resulted in a unique recipe for self-structure and patterning in each person. To change the recipe is to recalculate it's components, gradually sifting out past patterns that have led to disappointment or loss and replace them with others that lead to personal fulfillment. These patterns manifest themselves in work, personal and parenting concerns.
(215) 240-7231 View (215) 240-7231
Photo of Counseling for a new life., Counselor in Brooklyn, NY
Counseling for a new life.
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11208
"When everything turns dark, the light that you see at the end of the tunnel will show you the way toward a new life"."Counseling For A New Life for You". "Cuando todo se vuelve oscuridad, esa luz que ves al final del tunel, te mostrara el camino hacia una nueva vida". "Consejeria Para Una Nueva Vida para Ti". I am specialized in psychotherapy for Children, Teenagers, Adults, Family, Couples and Groups. I got my Diploma as Master in Clinic Psychology with Honors thirty one years ago.
"When everything turns dark, the light that you see at the end of the tunnel will show you the way toward a new life"."Counseling For A New Life for You". "Cuando todo se vuelve oscuridad, esa luz que ves al final del tunel, te mostrara el camino hacia una nueva vida". "Consejeria Para Una Nueva Vida para Ti". I am specialized in psychotherapy for Children, Teenagers, Adults, Family, Couples and Groups. I got my Diploma as Master in Clinic Psychology with Honors thirty one years ago.
(347) 289-7321 View (347) 289-7321
Photo of Nora Zimbler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Nora Zimbler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11215
I’ve been trained in psychodynamic, family systems and cognitive behviaoral therapies and call upon all of these modalities depending on the needs of the client.
Being human is a wondrous and challenging endeavor. Most of us walk around each day feeling inadequate, lost, anxious or depressed. And yet something inside us yearns for more. It takes tremendous courage to slow down and listen to this voice. To turn towards the painful feelings and try to understand them. I believe that with the right support, the hard stuff is actually the gateway to a life that is more purposeful, meaningful, integrated and peace-filled. In my office I create a warm and engaging space for clients to build self-awareness, heal old wounds and reflect on patterns that may not be helping them.
I’ve been trained in psychodynamic, family systems and cognitive behviaoral therapies and call upon all of these modalities depending on the needs of the client.
Being human is a wondrous and challenging endeavor. Most of us walk around each day feeling inadequate, lost, anxious or depressed. And yet something inside us yearns for more. It takes tremendous courage to slow down and listen to this voice. To turn towards the painful feelings and try to understand them. I believe that with the right support, the hard stuff is actually the gateway to a life that is more purposeful, meaningful, integrated and peace-filled. In my office I create a warm and engaging space for clients to build self-awareness, heal old wounds and reflect on patterns that may not be helping them.
(646) 846-2651 View (646) 846-2651
Photo of Anne Sikora, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Anne Sikora
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11201
Patients have complimented my low key approach, sense of humor and intuitive grasp of their family histories and current dynamics.
I am a seasoned psychotherapist with an office in charming Cobble Hill, Brooklyn. I have been in practice for over 20 years. I have a PsyD in psychoanalysis and am a licensed clinical social worker with the necessary credentials for reimbursement by insurance. My therapeutic style is warm and interactive. I have many patients working in artistic fields who need a creative therapist. Additionally, I do couples work using emotionally focused therapy. I have experience working with a wide range of issues including: depression, anxiety and panic attacks, infertility, divorce, parenting teens and LGBTQ issues.
Patients have complimented my low key approach, sense of humor and intuitive grasp of their family histories and current dynamics.
I am a seasoned psychotherapist with an office in charming Cobble Hill, Brooklyn. I have been in practice for over 20 years. I have a PsyD in psychoanalysis and am a licensed clinical social worker with the necessary credentials for reimbursement by insurance. My therapeutic style is warm and interactive. I have many patients working in artistic fields who need a creative therapist. Additionally, I do couples work using emotionally focused therapy. I have experience working with a wide range of issues including: depression, anxiety and panic attacks, infertility, divorce, parenting teens and LGBTQ issues.
(646) 583-3251 View (646) 583-3251
Photo of Sarah A Nadeau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Sarah A Nadeau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11209
Waitlist for new clients
I provide individual & group therapy, as well as family therapy and collaborative parenting.
Real change comes from understanding why our impulses and behaviors hold us back from experiencing our true potential and discovering the skills to create change. My goal is to help you better understand the challenges you and your family may be experiencing and work together towards a healthier way of functioning. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I offer over 10 years of experience providing therapy to children, young adults and families.
I provide individual & group therapy, as well as family therapy and collaborative parenting.
Real change comes from understanding why our impulses and behaviors hold us back from experiencing our true potential and discovering the skills to create change. My goal is to help you better understand the challenges you and your family may be experiencing and work together towards a healthier way of functioning. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I offer over 10 years of experience providing therapy to children, young adults and families.
(646) 576-7424 View (646) 576-7424
Photo of Jack Szary in Brooklyn, NY
Jack Szary
LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11249  (Online Only)
For ambitious, driven individuals in their early 20-30’s, life can be quite overwhelming. Juggling family responsibilities, romantic interests, and career aspirations while trying to establish a strong sense of independence is no small task. Perhaps you're left feeling like you're navigating the shift into early adulthood without a map, or charting new waters without land in sight. You may feel like you're doing a lot more, but not necessarily getting a lot more done, and the expectation that reaching a certain milestone will bring comfort is constantly being met with disappointment, leaving you feeling unmotivated and unfulfilled.
For ambitious, driven individuals in their early 20-30’s, life can be quite overwhelming. Juggling family responsibilities, romantic interests, and career aspirations while trying to establish a strong sense of independence is no small task. Perhaps you're left feeling like you're navigating the shift into early adulthood without a map, or charting new waters without land in sight. You may feel like you're doing a lot more, but not necessarily getting a lot more done, and the expectation that reaching a certain milestone will bring comfort is constantly being met with disappointment, leaving you feeling unmotivated and unfulfilled.
(718) 355-9867 View (718) 355-9867
Photo of Veronica Rivera-Gould, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Veronica Rivera-Gould
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MS, CACIII
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11216
in Child and Family Therapy.
Starting a counselling process can feel daunting. Your Journey begins with a single step which you have already made by reading this information. You may feel stuck with anxious and/or depressed feelings and would like to learn healthy ways to cope and move forward. Would you like to learn more positive ways of communicating with your child, partner, parent or family? Or perhaps you wish to have a deeper connection with your partner. You hold the key to make positive changes for a happier, satisfying and fulfilling life.
in Child and Family Therapy.
Starting a counselling process can feel daunting. Your Journey begins with a single step which you have already made by reading this information. You may feel stuck with anxious and/or depressed feelings and would like to learn healthy ways to cope and move forward. Would you like to learn more positive ways of communicating with your child, partner, parent or family? Or perhaps you wish to have a deeper connection with your partner. You hold the key to make positive changes for a happier, satisfying and fulfilling life.
(475) 215-2347 View (475) 215-2347
Photo of Ekeithea Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Ekeithea Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11213  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adults by supporting them to work through anxiety, depression, self esteem, mood disorders, stress, women issues, peer relationships, coping skills, family conflict, trauma, and loss.
My clinical approach is interpersonal, humanistic/holistic, self-reflective and strength based. My approach is meeting the client where they are. But I create a space where it instills hope that they can move from that place and walk on a journey of healing, breaking intergenerational cycles, naming/calling out the traumatic experiences, knocking down roadblocks and doing so without judgement. I approach therapy as a parallel experience “you are not alone.”
I specialize in working with adults by supporting them to work through anxiety, depression, self esteem, mood disorders, stress, women issues, peer relationships, coping skills, family conflict, trauma, and loss.
My clinical approach is interpersonal, humanistic/holistic, self-reflective and strength based. My approach is meeting the client where they are. But I create a space where it instills hope that they can move from that place and walk on a journey of healing, breaking intergenerational cycles, naming/calling out the traumatic experiences, knocking down roadblocks and doing so without judgement. I approach therapy as a parallel experience “you are not alone.”
(929) 242-5742 View (929) 242-5742
Photo of Genifer Lancaster at Wicker Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Genifer Lancaster at Wicker Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11242
I utilize a trauma informed lens drawing upon a range of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internal Family Systems and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
I believe that hurt, disappointment, sadness and grief are a normal part of the human experience. However, we often turn this hurt inward and create even more painful beliefs about ourselves and the world. I create genuine relationships with the people I work with, helping them to address and remove barriers that prevent them from more meaningful, authentic, and purposeful lives. I offer curiosity, new ideas and techniques while helping my clients identify and shift patterns that no longer serve them.
I utilize a trauma informed lens drawing upon a range of modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internal Family Systems and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
I believe that hurt, disappointment, sadness and grief are a normal part of the human experience. However, we often turn this hurt inward and create even more painful beliefs about ourselves and the world. I create genuine relationships with the people I work with, helping them to address and remove barriers that prevent them from more meaningful, authentic, and purposeful lives. I offer curiosity, new ideas and techniques while helping my clients identify and shift patterns that no longer serve them.
(646) 798-6447 View (646) 798-6447
Photo of Charlie Schweikert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Charlie Schweikert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11237  (Online Only)
In working with individuals, we will explore family relations as well as current struggles that bring you into therapy.
Starting the therapy process can lead to a fulfilling experience. Whether you are experiencing a crisis, or want to gain a deeper understanding of how you operate, becoming involved in therapy can broaden your life by becoming aware of unconscious influences of the past and their connection to behaviors in the present. Therapy can also be a space for people to approach conflict with loved ones. If you're feeling unsure about therapy, give me a call and we can set up a free phone consultation.
In working with individuals, we will explore family relations as well as current struggles that bring you into therapy.
Starting the therapy process can lead to a fulfilling experience. Whether you are experiencing a crisis, or want to gain a deeper understanding of how you operate, becoming involved in therapy can broaden your life by becoming aware of unconscious influences of the past and their connection to behaviors in the present. Therapy can also be a space for people to approach conflict with loved ones. If you're feeling unsure about therapy, give me a call and we can set up a free phone consultation.
(646) 759-9351 View (646) 759-9351
Photo of Blima M Weinbaum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Blima M Weinbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11218
I have trained and specialize in several modalities such as CBT, Family Therapy, Group Therapy in addition to treatment for substance and alcohol use disorders and process addictions. I provide ongoing assessment, diagnosis, psychotherapy and treatment planning to a socio-culturally diverse adult and adolescent population diagnosed with a full-spectrum of psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety-related disorders, substance abuse and dependence, PTSD, ADHD, Trauma related issues and Family and relationship issues amongst others.
I have trained and specialize in several modalities such as CBT, Family Therapy, Group Therapy in addition to treatment for substance and alcohol use disorders and process addictions. I provide ongoing assessment, diagnosis, psychotherapy and treatment planning to a socio-culturally diverse adult and adolescent population diagnosed with a full-spectrum of psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety-related disorders, substance abuse and dependence, PTSD, ADHD, Trauma related issues and Family and relationship issues amongst others.
(646) 455-3315 View (646) 455-3315
Photo of Taylor Mackewicz, Mental Health Counselor in Brooklyn, NY
Taylor Mackewicz
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11238
That has gone through a life change such as divorce/separation, empty nest, death of a family member, change in job or loss of a job, a recent move, family stress ext.
It can be challenging to go through the stages of therapy, but the goal is that you leave the session exhaling with a smile that you took a step towards supporting yourself, that you made yourself a priority, and are on your way to tackling life’s stressors. We can work together to face the struggles that brought you to therapy and find solutions that help you feel inspired and empowered. I have spent much time doing crisis intervention and trauma therapy work. I am also passionate about working with grief/bereavement clients and have recently developed an interest in working with self-esteem building in client sessions.
That has gone through a life change such as divorce/separation, empty nest, death of a family member, change in job or loss of a job, a recent move, family stress ext.
It can be challenging to go through the stages of therapy, but the goal is that you leave the session exhaling with a smile that you took a step towards supporting yourself, that you made yourself a priority, and are on your way to tackling life’s stressors. We can work together to face the struggles that brought you to therapy and find solutions that help you feel inspired and empowered. I have spent much time doing crisis intervention and trauma therapy work. I am also passionate about working with grief/bereavement clients and have recently developed an interest in working with self-esteem building in client sessions.
(347) 202-1162 View (347) 202-1162
Photo of Patricia Ross, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Patricia Ross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11222  (Online Only)
Feelings of anxiety, depression, or “stuckness” can be debilitating, isolating and feel permanent. We can work together to build the skills you need to feel empowered and able to cope with and overcome the emotions that may currently feel unbearable. I can support you through life transitions - from grief and loss, to figuring out how to best communicate with a loved one or set boundaries with family, friends or coworkers. My practice is founded in tenets of intersectional feminist counseling and liberation therapy theories, and is mindfulness-focused and trauma-informed - sensitive to your individual needs, goals and strengths.
Feelings of anxiety, depression, or “stuckness” can be debilitating, isolating and feel permanent. We can work together to build the skills you need to feel empowered and able to cope with and overcome the emotions that may currently feel unbearable. I can support you through life transitions - from grief and loss, to figuring out how to best communicate with a loved one or set boundaries with family, friends or coworkers. My practice is founded in tenets of intersectional feminist counseling and liberation therapy theories, and is mindfulness-focused and trauma-informed - sensitive to your individual needs, goals and strengths.
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Photo of Gail Winter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Gail Winter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11201
As an experienced therapist,I have been successful in helping many people of all ages with emotional and life-stage adjustment problems. I have a strong background in assisting people with relationship problems, family matters and work issues. I help people to learn strategies for managing stress, work through loss, and resolve interpersonal conflicts.
As an experienced therapist,I have been successful in helping many people of all ages with emotional and life-stage adjustment problems. I have a strong background in assisting people with relationship problems, family matters and work issues. I help people to learn strategies for managing stress, work through loss, and resolve interpersonal conflicts.
(917) 338-4719 View (917) 338-4719
Photo of Luis DeHoyos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Luis DeHoyos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, BA
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11221
As a therapist for seven years working with at-risk youth, adult individuals, and couples and families, I know the wide array of adversities that many encounter. Whether there are internal difficulties an individual/family is experiencing or ACS/Court involvement, my approaches and practice is non-judgmental. I provide culturally competent services that promote healthy and positive relationships. I focus on meeting client’s needs with culturally competent and efficient programs by using strength-based approaches that help empower our clients in addressing their problems while improving weaknesses.
As a therapist for seven years working with at-risk youth, adult individuals, and couples and families, I know the wide array of adversities that many encounter. Whether there are internal difficulties an individual/family is experiencing or ACS/Court involvement, my approaches and practice is non-judgmental. I provide culturally competent services that promote healthy and positive relationships. I focus on meeting client’s needs with culturally competent and efficient programs by using strength-based approaches that help empower our clients in addressing their problems while improving weaknesses.
(929) 284-2194 View (929) 284-2194
Photo of Daniel Smith in Brooklyn, NY
Daniel Smith
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11242
I am a psychotherapist and New York Times best-selling author who works with adolescents, teens, and adults. My focus is on helping my patients, young people included, to discover and explore the patterns, beliefs, and default behaviors they bring to their most vital relationships: to their parents, their siblings, their friends, their intimate partners, and not least of all to themselves. When working with adolescents and teens, I consider it crucial to look at the whole family, to better understand how its members communicate, share space, and set boundaries with one another.
I am a psychotherapist and New York Times best-selling author who works with adolescents, teens, and adults. My focus is on helping my patients, young people included, to discover and explore the patterns, beliefs, and default behaviors they bring to their most vital relationships: to their parents, their siblings, their friends, their intimate partners, and not least of all to themselves. When working with adolescents and teens, I consider it crucial to look at the whole family, to better understand how its members communicate, share space, and set boundaries with one another.
(929) 447-0207 View (929) 447-0207
Photo of Eugenia Rozenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Eugenia Rozenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR, MA, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11229  (Online Only)
I have expertise in various conditions: depression, anxiety disorders, family, relationships, parenting issues, grief and loss.
As an experienced therapist I believe that everyone owes to him/herself to live a satisfying life. If you do not like the place you are in today - do something not to be there. As Einstein said, "Nothing happens until something moves". Choosing therapy is definitely the right move for you. It is not a sign of weakness but rather of your determination. Whatever problem you are facing today: anxiety, depression, disturbing relationship, or work related stress - I am here to help you facilitate changes that will allow you to reach your goals.
I have expertise in various conditions: depression, anxiety disorders, family, relationships, parenting issues, grief and loss.
As an experienced therapist I believe that everyone owes to him/herself to live a satisfying life. If you do not like the place you are in today - do something not to be there. As Einstein said, "Nothing happens until something moves". Choosing therapy is definitely the right move for you. It is not a sign of weakness but rather of your determination. Whatever problem you are facing today: anxiety, depression, disturbing relationship, or work related stress - I am here to help you facilitate changes that will allow you to reach your goals.
(347) 352-8631 View (347) 352-8631
Photo of Steps of Support Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brooklyn, NY
Steps of Support Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11236  (Online Only)
Embark on a transformative path with me. In my over ten years as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have dedicated myself to positively impacting the lives of individuals, couples, and families. My practice is particularly attuned to the needs of those confronting the realities of everyday life, employment challenges, mental health concerns, and family dynamics. My work is deeply informed by a broad understanding of various backgrounds and life experiences. By integrating proven, evidence-based methods, I aim to bring about significant, positive changes in your life.
Embark on a transformative path with me. In my over ten years as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I have dedicated myself to positively impacting the lives of individuals, couples, and families. My practice is particularly attuned to the needs of those confronting the realities of everyday life, employment challenges, mental health concerns, and family dynamics. My work is deeply informed by a broad understanding of various backgrounds and life experiences. By integrating proven, evidence-based methods, I aim to bring about significant, positive changes in your life.
(929) 556-7093 View (929) 556-7093
Photo of N. G. Berrill, Psychologist in Brooklyn, NY
N. G. Berrill
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11242
For over 25 years, I have provided forensic consultation to New York State and Federal courts on criminal, family, and civil matters. Also, I see patients on a regular basis for neuropsychological testing to evaluate the effects of brain trauma, learning disabilities, and ADD on everyday living. In addition, sex offender work-ups (which include computer-based testing and clinical polygraph) are offered through my practice (NY Forensic) for the purpose of risk assessment and dispositional recommendations for the court.
For over 25 years, I have provided forensic consultation to New York State and Federal courts on criminal, family, and civil matters. Also, I see patients on a regular basis for neuropsychological testing to evaluate the effects of brain trauma, learning disabilities, and ADD on everyday living. In addition, sex offender work-ups (which include computer-based testing and clinical polygraph) are offered through my practice (NY Forensic) for the purpose of risk assessment and dispositional recommendations for the court.
(718) 925-4976 View (718) 925-4976
Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.