Photo of Genesis Counseling Center, Psychologist in York County, VA
Genesis Counseling Center
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23692
Services include individual, couples, family, & group counseling.
Genesis serves clients in Virginia and other states. We have Virginia offices in Hampton, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Norfolk, and Chesapeake. Genesis provides professional services for healing and growth of the whole person. We offer comprehensive counseling, psychological services, and psychiatric medicine in an outpatient setting. Genesis can help you find new life and purpose in your marriage; experience freedom from fear, depression, addiction, past hurts, etc. See positive changes in your child's attitude and behavior; discover how to grow to your potential; and equip you to thrive in the challenges of life.
Services include individual, couples, family, & group counseling.
Genesis serves clients in Virginia and other states. We have Virginia offices in Hampton, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Norfolk, and Chesapeake. Genesis provides professional services for healing and growth of the whole person. We offer comprehensive counseling, psychological services, and psychiatric medicine in an outpatient setting. Genesis can help you find new life and purpose in your marriage; experience freedom from fear, depression, addiction, past hurts, etc. See positive changes in your child's attitude and behavior; discover how to grow to your potential; and equip you to thrive in the challenges of life.
(757) 516-0041 View (757) 516-0041
Photo of Ellen Barnes Velissarios, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Ellen Barnes Velissarios
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CSAC, ADC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23693  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
*CURRENTLY NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. PLEASE CONTACT US TO BE PLACED ON THE WAITING LIST* I have been practicing counseling for over 15 years in acute, inpatient, outpatient, group home, not-for-profit, school, in-home, private, and residential facilities. My counseling theories most often practiced include solution-focused, cognitive behavioral therapy, reality therapy, family systems, and client-centered. However, techniques used are drawn from different counseling perspectives in order to meet the clients' individual needs and strengths. I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
*CURRENTLY NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. PLEASE CONTACT US TO BE PLACED ON THE WAITING LIST* I have been practicing counseling for over 15 years in acute, inpatient, outpatient, group home, not-for-profit, school, in-home, private, and residential facilities. My counseling theories most often practiced include solution-focused, cognitive behavioral therapy, reality therapy, family systems, and client-centered. However, techniques used are drawn from different counseling perspectives in order to meet the clients' individual needs and strengths. I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
(757) 320-0817 View (757) 320-0817
Photo of Kimberly Grebb, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Kimberly Grebb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT, PMH-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Hampton, VA 23665  (Online Only)
Hello! Whatever you're searching for, I’m glad you’re here! I specialize in prenatal, postpartum and maternal mental health and parenting. I have advanced training in treating Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) and certification in Perinatal Mental Health (PMH-C). I am also a Registered Play Therapist (RPT) with years of experience helping children and families thrive. I aim to help women of all ages and stages regain a sense of connection, joy, and self amid all of life's ups and downs. My goal is to help you feel empowered and confident in each of the many roles you play in life.
Hello! Whatever you're searching for, I’m glad you’re here! I specialize in prenatal, postpartum and maternal mental health and parenting. I have advanced training in treating Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) and certification in Perinatal Mental Health (PMH-C). I am also a Registered Play Therapist (RPT) with years of experience helping children and families thrive. I aim to help women of all ages and stages regain a sense of connection, joy, and self amid all of life's ups and downs. My goal is to help you feel empowered and confident in each of the many roles you play in life.
(757) 300-0388 View (757) 300-0388
Photo of Anchor Counseling and Consulting, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Anchor Counseling and Consulting, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23692
Ahoy, welcome to Anchor Counseling and Consulting where we have mobilized counseling outside of the four walls of an office. Teletherapy and traditional in-person office visits are also available.
Ahoy, welcome to Anchor Counseling and Consulting where we have mobilized counseling outside of the four walls of an office. Teletherapy and traditional in-person office visits are also available.
(757) 505-7211 View (757) 505-7211
Photo of LaDrena Martin, Pre-Licensed Professional in York County, VA
LaDrena Martin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23693
My goal to is to meet clients where they are and facilitate healing one step at a time. I use a person-centered approach to therapy to help create a comfortable atmosphere. I have experience working with children, teens, families, and young adults and am currently accepting clients ages 10 and up. I have a special interest disordered eating, anxiety, ADHD, depression, grief, and mood disorders.
My goal to is to meet clients where they are and facilitate healing one step at a time. I use a person-centered approach to therapy to help create a comfortable atmosphere. I have experience working with children, teens, families, and young adults and am currently accepting clients ages 10 and up. I have a special interest disordered eating, anxiety, ADHD, depression, grief, and mood disorders.
(757) 992-9291 View (757) 992-9291
Photo of Kasey Sokol, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Kasey Sokol
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Yorktown, VA 23690
Waitlist for new clients
I believe in the importance of a person’s story and meeting each person where they are in the present moment, while honoring experiences from the past. There are often events or themes within a person’s childhood that can lead them to experience difficulties later in their lives if left unresolved. These difficulties often appear in the form of unhealthy traits or toxic cycles within romantic relationships or friendships. Other times, there are negative thoughts such as “I should have known better” or “I always do something wrong” that constantly circle in a person’s mind.
I believe in the importance of a person’s story and meeting each person where they are in the present moment, while honoring experiences from the past. There are often events or themes within a person’s childhood that can lead them to experience difficulties later in their lives if left unresolved. These difficulties often appear in the form of unhealthy traits or toxic cycles within romantic relationships or friendships. Other times, there are negative thoughts such as “I should have known better” or “I always do something wrong” that constantly circle in a person’s mind.
(757) 384-1656 View (757) 384-1656
Photo of Carter W Summerville, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Carter W Summerville
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690  (Online Only)
Complex issues arise in our lives that we struggle to understand, cope with, and move on from. From a young age to an old one, mental health symptoms can interfere with day to day life. That's where therapy comes in! You or your teen's therapeutic journey will be tailored to the unique needs, behaviors, and background present. Working together collaboratively is key in helping you or your teen to learn about emotional wellbeing, ways to change or manage behavior, and how to cope with emotions in a healthy and appropriate way.
Complex issues arise in our lives that we struggle to understand, cope with, and move on from. From a young age to an old one, mental health symptoms can interfere with day to day life. That's where therapy comes in! You or your teen's therapeutic journey will be tailored to the unique needs, behaviors, and background present. Working together collaboratively is key in helping you or your teen to learn about emotional wellbeing, ways to change or manage behavior, and how to cope with emotions in a healthy and appropriate way.
(757) 704-5436 View (757) 704-5436
Photo of Mary McGovern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York County, VA
Mary McGovern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Yorktown, VA 23690
Not accepting new clients
You matter. Your goals, needs, passions and struggles are important – and it’s my deep privilege to walk with you, whatever your path holds. With compassionate presence – and mindful of your strengths and history – we’ll work together to nourish insights, strategies, and resources that will best support you in overcoming difficulty and meeting life whole-heartedly. I bring a holistic, person-centered, attachment- and mindfulness-based approach to working with children, teens, and adults experiencing a wide range of life challenges.
You matter. Your goals, needs, passions and struggles are important – and it’s my deep privilege to walk with you, whatever your path holds. With compassionate presence – and mindful of your strengths and history – we’ll work together to nourish insights, strategies, and resources that will best support you in overcoming difficulty and meeting life whole-heartedly. I bring a holistic, person-centered, attachment- and mindfulness-based approach to working with children, teens, and adults experiencing a wide range of life challenges.
(757) 997-6623 View (757) 997-6623

Online Therapists

Photo of Laura Michelle Samalya, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Laura Michelle Samalya
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Whether you're an adult feeling lost in a world that doesn't quite understand you, a parent seeking support for your neurodiverse child, or a family yearning for stronger connections, I'm dedicated to providing a safe and nurturing space for all.
Welcome! I have a passion for supporting neurodiverse individuals of all ages and families seeking acceptance and understanding. I have a personal connection to this journey as well. I am what some may call, 'neuro-spicy' myself. It is this unique blend of experience and expertise that sets me apart and allows me to truly connect with my clients on a profound level. Life can be tough, and sometimes, all we need is a little empathy, humor, and realism to navigate its complexities. That is where Shooting Star Counseling comes in!
Whether you're an adult feeling lost in a world that doesn't quite understand you, a parent seeking support for your neurodiverse child, or a family yearning for stronger connections, I'm dedicated to providing a safe and nurturing space for all.
Welcome! I have a passion for supporting neurodiverse individuals of all ages and families seeking acceptance and understanding. I have a personal connection to this journey as well. I am what some may call, 'neuro-spicy' myself. It is this unique blend of experience and expertise that sets me apart and allows me to truly connect with my clients on a profound level. Life can be tough, and sometimes, all we need is a little empathy, humor, and realism to navigate its complexities. That is where Shooting Star Counseling comes in!
(757) 699-5894 View (757) 699-5894
Photo of Shedrick D McCall, Resident in Counseling in York County, VA
Shedrick D McCall
Resident in Counseling, EdD, LMHP-R
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23234
Dr. Shedrick McCall, LMHP-R. Dr. McCall has a BA in Psychology (Maryville College), MA in Counseling (Liberty University) and Ed.D. in Counseling Psychology (Argosy University American School of Professional Psychology). Dr. McCall has worked in the field for over 25 years as a Juvenile Psychologist, Forensic Psychologist, Clinician/Counselor for incarcerated youth and has worked within the mental health field with patients/clients with clinical mental health diagnosis. Dr. McCall also has experience with individual, group, and family counseling.
Dr. Shedrick McCall, LMHP-R. Dr. McCall has a BA in Psychology (Maryville College), MA in Counseling (Liberty University) and Ed.D. in Counseling Psychology (Argosy University American School of Professional Psychology). Dr. McCall has worked in the field for over 25 years as a Juvenile Psychologist, Forensic Psychologist, Clinician/Counselor for incarcerated youth and has worked within the mental health field with patients/clients with clinical mental health diagnosis. Dr. McCall also has experience with individual, group, and family counseling.
(804) 607-8927 View (804) 607-8927
Photo of Christin Guretsky, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Christin Guretsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
I work with individuals ages 11 and up with mood disorders, daily life struggles, trauma, poor self-esteem, ineffective coping skills, autism spectrum, women’s issues, communication skills, family conflict, relationship issues, building healthier boundaries, and work related stressors.
Seeking therapeutic support can be challenging, scary, and overwhelming due to fears of being judged, uncertainty of the direction to take, and who to reach out to. My goal is to create an inviting environment where you can begin the process of addressing your goals and personal struggles. I believe we all face a time where we need extra support outside of our friends and families. Where we can focus on our own personal growth and empowerment by exploring thoughts, feelings, and life experiences to increase effective coping skills, problem solving skills, and new perspectives.
I work with individuals ages 11 and up with mood disorders, daily life struggles, trauma, poor self-esteem, ineffective coping skills, autism spectrum, women’s issues, communication skills, family conflict, relationship issues, building healthier boundaries, and work related stressors.
Seeking therapeutic support can be challenging, scary, and overwhelming due to fears of being judged, uncertainty of the direction to take, and who to reach out to. My goal is to create an inviting environment where you can begin the process of addressing your goals and personal struggles. I believe we all face a time where we need extra support outside of our friends and families. Where we can focus on our own personal growth and empowerment by exploring thoughts, feelings, and life experiences to increase effective coping skills, problem solving skills, and new perspectives.
(804) 375-4981 View (804) 375-4981
Photo of Kammeron Newton, Pre-Licensed Professional in York County, VA
Kammeron Newton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norfolk, VA 23510
A lot of my clients have issues in their relationships with family, friends, or anyone of significance.
Hello, I am Kammeron and I’m currently working toward my Ph.D. in Social Work at Our Lady of the Lake University. I have earned my Bachelor's and Master's in Social Work at Indiana Wesleyan University. I have over 10 years of experience in Coaching, the last three years have been in Behavioral Health/Social Work. My favorite quote is, “Broken things can be fixed and healed. Nothing is too difficult or dirty to clean,” by Marika McCoola. This quote has become my mantra and I have dedicated my life to helping those who are broken, hurt, and filled with hidden sorrow over life-changing events.
A lot of my clients have issues in their relationships with family, friends, or anyone of significance.
Hello, I am Kammeron and I’m currently working toward my Ph.D. in Social Work at Our Lady of the Lake University. I have earned my Bachelor's and Master's in Social Work at Indiana Wesleyan University. I have over 10 years of experience in Coaching, the last three years have been in Behavioral Health/Social Work. My favorite quote is, “Broken things can be fixed and healed. Nothing is too difficult or dirty to clean,” by Marika McCoola. This quote has become my mantra and I have dedicated my life to helping those who are broken, hurt, and filled with hidden sorrow over life-changing events.
(703) 884-2521 View (703) 884-2521
Photo of Spectrum Psychological and Neurotherapy, PC, Psychologist in York County, VA
Spectrum Psychological and Neurotherapy, PC
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Services include: Neurofeedback, Court/ Forensic Evaluations, Assessment /diagnosis, Behavioral and cognitive therapies(CBT), Individual, couples /family therapy.
We are an outpatient mental health clinic that serves children, adolescents and adults experiencing challenges. We provide innovative individualized, evidence-based interventions to address an array of life's diverse challenges, so that each individual can reach his or her full potential. All of us encounter problems in living at some point in our lives. Sometimes, those problems interfere with our ability to function at home, work, or school or in other important areas of life.
Services include: Neurofeedback, Court/ Forensic Evaluations, Assessment /diagnosis, Behavioral and cognitive therapies(CBT), Individual, couples /family therapy.
We are an outpatient mental health clinic that serves children, adolescents and adults experiencing challenges. We provide innovative individualized, evidence-based interventions to address an array of life's diverse challenges, so that each individual can reach his or her full potential. All of us encounter problems in living at some point in our lives. Sometimes, those problems interfere with our ability to function at home, work, or school or in other important areas of life.
(757) 239-2850 View (757) 239-2850
Photo of Angel Marriage & Family Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in York County, VA
Angel Marriage & Family Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norfolk, VA 23510
Specialty Services include: Relationship Therapy, Marriage Counseling, Family Counseling, Caregiver Counseling.
The painful constant reminders of broken promises. It's hard to find someone you trust. You are questioning yourself. There’s a cycle and you see it now. You’re tired of feeling stuck in your relationship. This matters the most so finding the right help is critical. It’s overwhelming not knowing where to begin but you're not looking for a "one size fits all" approach. You want a specialist in couples therapy and you value experience. Start Here. I'm Angel Myers and I help couples strengthen and repair their relationship with proven, decisive strategies.
Specialty Services include: Relationship Therapy, Marriage Counseling, Family Counseling, Caregiver Counseling.
The painful constant reminders of broken promises. It's hard to find someone you trust. You are questioning yourself. There’s a cycle and you see it now. You’re tired of feeling stuck in your relationship. This matters the most so finding the right help is critical. It’s overwhelming not knowing where to begin but you're not looking for a "one size fits all" approach. You want a specialist in couples therapy and you value experience. Start Here. I'm Angel Myers and I help couples strengthen and repair their relationship with proven, decisive strategies.
(757) 349-8719 View (757) 349-8719
Photo of Mental Health Resolutions, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Mental Health Resolutions, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Newport News, VA 23606
Angelique (Angel) Epps is the CEO of Mental Health Resolutions, LLC. Angel was born and raised in Newport News, Virginia. She is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Virginia Board Supervisor for LPC and LMFT. Mental Health Resolutions, LLC therapists specializes in self-esteem building, mindfulness practices, grief and loss, trauma informed care, self-compassion as well as individual, group, and family therapy. We have a host of therapists that will meet all your needs as well as providing a safe secured space for you and your love ones to discuss their Mental health needs. We specialize in EMDR, CBT and DBT therapy.
Angelique (Angel) Epps is the CEO of Mental Health Resolutions, LLC. Angel was born and raised in Newport News, Virginia. She is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Virginia Board Supervisor for LPC and LMFT. Mental Health Resolutions, LLC therapists specializes in self-esteem building, mindfulness practices, grief and loss, trauma informed care, self-compassion as well as individual, group, and family therapy. We have a host of therapists that will meet all your needs as well as providing a safe secured space for you and your love ones to discuss their Mental health needs. We specialize in EMDR, CBT and DBT therapy.
(757) 280-2898 View (757) 280-2898
Photo of Tiffany Walker, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Tiffany Walker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, PBSF, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in adolescents and adults who face challenges with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, coping skills, stress, women’s issues, relationship issues, trauma, adjustment disorders, suicidal thoughts and family conflict. I earned my Master’s degree of education in counseling and human development from George Mason University. I am passionate about helping others navigate through challenges that may have an impact on their day-to-day life. I utilize an integrative approach built on evidence-based interventions.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in adolescents and adults who face challenges with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, coping skills, stress, women’s issues, relationship issues, trauma, adjustment disorders, suicidal thoughts and family conflict. I earned my Master’s degree of education in counseling and human development from George Mason University. I am passionate about helping others navigate through challenges that may have an impact on their day-to-day life. I utilize an integrative approach built on evidence-based interventions.
(571) 600-6469 View (571) 600-6469
Photo of Sandi Wiggins, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
Sandi Wiggins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manquin, VA 23106  (Online Only)
I'm here to help you grow and change on your passage through life! Sometimes people have challenges to start with like thinking differently, or a difficult family. We may have questions about whether we still fit into a social or religious group. Challenges are harder if depression or anxiety hold us back or if we feel like we're stuck. Finding an empathetic, experienced therapist can be a connection to taking you out of isolation and uncovering your innate ability to change. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I have done my own work to grow and I look forward to helping you!
I'm here to help you grow and change on your passage through life! Sometimes people have challenges to start with like thinking differently, or a difficult family. We may have questions about whether we still fit into a social or religious group. Challenges are harder if depression or anxiety hold us back or if we feel like we're stuck. Finding an empathetic, experienced therapist can be a connection to taking you out of isolation and uncovering your innate ability to change. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I have done my own work to grow and I look forward to helping you!
(804) 793-9904 View (804) 793-9904
Photo of April Stone, Licensed Professional Counselor in York County, VA
April Stone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you motivated to see change? Are you tired of the past ruling your life? Do want to stop barely making it? Relationships unfulfilling? Need a answer/diagnosis for what you experience? My clinical work integrates psychology, theology, and spirituality. I consider my counseling to be a ministry first. However, treatments will also include empirically based techniques and skill-building. I am a Level 1 and Level 2 Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I also work with Trauma Focused Couples Counseling, Grief Therapy, and Dysfunctional family issues. I serve both Georgia and Virginia via video/phone sessions only.
Are you motivated to see change? Are you tired of the past ruling your life? Do want to stop barely making it? Relationships unfulfilling? Need a answer/diagnosis for what you experience? My clinical work integrates psychology, theology, and spirituality. I consider my counseling to be a ministry first. However, treatments will also include empirically based techniques and skill-building. I am a Level 1 and Level 2 Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I also work with Trauma Focused Couples Counseling, Grief Therapy, and Dysfunctional family issues. I serve both Georgia and Virginia via video/phone sessions only.
(757) 330-8271 View (757) 330-8271
Virginia Support Services, PC
LPC
Verified Verified
Chester, VA 23831
Services will be built around your preferences, choices, values, strengths, and natural support systems of family and community.
Virginia Support Services is a State Licensed Mental Health Skill-Building Service program that provides behavioral and mental health training and support services to individuals with mental, behavioral, or emotional impairments in major life activities by supporting an individual's level of functioning and promoting his/her autonomy. We service individuals age 16 and up with a mental health diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder-recurrent, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, a history of higher level of psychiatric care such as hospitalization, residential treatment or ICT/PACT, prescribed Rx therapy.
Services will be built around your preferences, choices, values, strengths, and natural support systems of family and community.
Virginia Support Services is a State Licensed Mental Health Skill-Building Service program that provides behavioral and mental health training and support services to individuals with mental, behavioral, or emotional impairments in major life activities by supporting an individual's level of functioning and promoting his/her autonomy. We service individuals age 16 and up with a mental health diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder-recurrent, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, a history of higher level of psychiatric care such as hospitalization, residential treatment or ICT/PACT, prescribed Rx therapy.
(804) 348-0326 View (804) 348-0326
Photo of Healthy Minds Therapy in York County, VA
Healthy Minds Therapy
Verified Verified
Accepting NEW patients! for medication management AND therapy! Our mission at Healthy Minds Therapy is inspiring thriving, healthier communities by making therapy modern and accessible. Dedicated to wellness and mental wealth. We help anxious individuals, provide relief for discouraged parents and help distant couples get connected. We provide individual therapy across the lifespan. As well as couples and family therapy. We also offer group therapy! There is something for everybody. Healthier days are here! Serving VA, MD, & DC!
Accepting NEW patients! for medication management AND therapy! Our mission at Healthy Minds Therapy is inspiring thriving, healthier communities by making therapy modern and accessible. Dedicated to wellness and mental wealth. We help anxious individuals, provide relief for discouraged parents and help distant couples get connected. We provide individual therapy across the lifespan. As well as couples and family therapy. We also offer group therapy! There is something for everybody. Healthier days are here! Serving VA, MD, & DC!
(540) 215-8569 x1 View (540) 215-8569 x1

Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.