Family Therapy in Ridgecrest, NC

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Photo of Della Pope Family Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
Della Pope Family Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
In my ten plus years as an adolescent and family therapist, I have helped tweens and teens develop skills for managing stress and overwhelm.
You watch as your tween or teen struggle: they isolate in their room, tell you they are fine, but don't want to do the things that used to make them happy. They have big outbursts and seem so unhappy. It's easy to take it on, like you've failed as a parent. You're up at night worrying, wishing it was still as simple as putting a bandaid on a scraped knee. But it's not that simple anymore. The reality is, your tween or teen is dealing with so much: social media, the state of the world, a future that can feel uncertain. And add to that all the regular stressors! It's easy to feel like your family is the only one struggling.
In my ten plus years as an adolescent and family therapist, I have helped tweens and teens develop skills for managing stress and overwhelm.
You watch as your tween or teen struggle: they isolate in their room, tell you they are fine, but don't want to do the things that used to make them happy. They have big outbursts and seem so unhappy. It's easy to take it on, like you've failed as a parent. You're up at night worrying, wishing it was still as simple as putting a bandaid on a scraped knee. But it's not that simple anymore. The reality is, your tween or teen is dealing with so much: social media, the state of the world, a future that can feel uncertain. And add to that all the regular stressors! It's easy to feel like your family is the only one struggling.
(828) 630-8661 View (828) 630-8661
Photo of Brandi Harris, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Brandi Harris
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHCS, LCAS, CSI, NCC
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
Waitlist for new clients
I offer individual, family, and couples therapy.
If you are looking for support on your journey of self-discovery or dealing with some stressors, I would love to help! I enjoy working with individuals who may be struggling and need an empathetic ear. I believe everyone can improve their sense of well-being with some support. I enjoy doing in person sessions as well as telemedicine.
I offer individual, family, and couples therapy.
If you are looking for support on your journey of self-discovery or dealing with some stressors, I would love to help! I enjoy working with individuals who may be struggling and need an empathetic ear. I believe everyone can improve their sense of well-being with some support. I enjoy doing in person sessions as well as telemedicine.
(828) 360-8217 View (828) 360-8217
Photo of Dr. Ziska Maria, Psychologist in Ridgecrest, NC
Dr. Ziska Maria
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with couples, individuals and parents of children of all ages, with certification in ages 0-5. I support individuals and partners preparing for and navigating pregnancy and managing the complex stress of parenting. I am highly effective at helping couples rebuild trust and heal from infidelity, affairs, addiction or other loss of trust. I believe you are the expert on yourself, your child, and your family. I will partner with you as a neutral, nonjudgmental support, lending my expertise as a holistic doctoral-level psychologist, to help find solutions, develop coping skills, and increase self awareness.
I specialize in working with couples, individuals and parents of children of all ages, with certification in ages 0-5. I support individuals and partners preparing for and navigating pregnancy and managing the complex stress of parenting. I am highly effective at helping couples rebuild trust and heal from infidelity, affairs, addiction or other loss of trust. I believe you are the expert on yourself, your child, and your family. I will partner with you as a neutral, nonjudgmental support, lending my expertise as a holistic doctoral-level psychologist, to help find solutions, develop coping skills, and increase self awareness.
(828) 662-9837 View (828) 662-9837
Photo of Catherine Fulop, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
Catherine Fulop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
Fulop can assist you in looking at your concerns from the perspective of your childhood experiences, current family and life experiences.
Cay Fulop LCSW, LCAS is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker LCSW# C011690 and is a Nationally Certified Substance Abuse Specialist (LCAS 1336) in the state of North Carolina. She has 31 years of clinical counseling experience including Substance Abuse and early recovery issues, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Eating Disorders, codependency, family of origin issues, grief process and family/relationship issues.
Fulop can assist you in looking at your concerns from the perspective of your childhood experiences, current family and life experiences.
Cay Fulop LCSW, LCAS is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker LCSW# C011690 and is a Nationally Certified Substance Abuse Specialist (LCAS 1336) in the state of North Carolina. She has 31 years of clinical counseling experience including Substance Abuse and early recovery issues, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Eating Disorders, codependency, family of origin issues, grief process and family/relationship issues.
(828) 232-8188 View (828) 232-8188
Photo of Melinda Halford, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Melinda Halford
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711  (Online Only)
I specialize in counseling Law Enforcement families, Christians, couples needing Premarital counseling, adolescents and young adults searching for purpose, as well as individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, hopelessness, stress, family issues, singleness, and breakups. We all need hope and comfort. I strive to be accepting of all people and to provide support for whatever issue a person is facing without allowing my own opinions to influence the sessions. My clients are important to me and it is a privilege to be able to see them find hope again.
I specialize in counseling Law Enforcement families, Christians, couples needing Premarital counseling, adolescents and young adults searching for purpose, as well as individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, hopelessness, stress, family issues, singleness, and breakups. We all need hope and comfort. I strive to be accepting of all people and to provide support for whatever issue a person is facing without allowing my own opinions to influence the sessions. My clients are important to me and it is a privilege to be able to see them find hope again.
(828) 970-1742 View (828) 970-1742
Photo of Margaret Huss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Margaret Huss
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I have experience in several areas including: Relationship Issues, Life Transitions, Education/Occupation stress, Grief and Loss, Anxiety/Depression, Trauma, Family conflict, and Changing Life Roles.
Life transitions are a part of our journey and, while some are rewarding, some are a challenge. Whether you are struggling with something personally or professionally, you could benefit from working with a therapist who understands and can help guide you through the work to initiate change in your life. My approach is holistic, honest, and interactive with a little humor thrown in when needed. Clients appreciate my authenticity and ability to “be real” with them regarding how best to tackle current issues and concerns. I encourage my clients to start with small steps and move toward what speaks to their heart and their values.
I have experience in several areas including: Relationship Issues, Life Transitions, Education/Occupation stress, Grief and Loss, Anxiety/Depression, Trauma, Family conflict, and Changing Life Roles.
Life transitions are a part of our journey and, while some are rewarding, some are a challenge. Whether you are struggling with something personally or professionally, you could benefit from working with a therapist who understands and can help guide you through the work to initiate change in your life. My approach is holistic, honest, and interactive with a little humor thrown in when needed. Clients appreciate my authenticity and ability to “be real” with them regarding how best to tackle current issues and concerns. I encourage my clients to start with small steps and move toward what speaks to their heart and their values.
(828) 554-7720 View (828) 554-7720
Photo of Jonathan Jay Esslinger, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Jonathan Jay Esslinger
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
Understanding the approach that works for you can greatly improve your ability to meet others, better your love life, reduce family conflict, make parenting easier, and allow you to feel more gratified by the deep bonds you have.
I work with people to discover the tools and techniques that will help them experience greater fulfillment in their relationships, work, mind, body, and spirit. As a clinician, I love supporting individuals from all walks of life to find, create, or strengthen their most meaningful relationships. Building your relational skill set can aid you with all your interactions: from strangers, acquaintances, and co-workers, to friends, family, your children, and your lover.
Understanding the approach that works for you can greatly improve your ability to meet others, better your love life, reduce family conflict, make parenting easier, and allow you to feel more gratified by the deep bonds you have.
I work with people to discover the tools and techniques that will help them experience greater fulfillment in their relationships, work, mind, body, and spirit. As a clinician, I love supporting individuals from all walks of life to find, create, or strengthen their most meaningful relationships. Building your relational skill set can aid you with all your interactions: from strangers, acquaintances, and co-workers, to friends, family, your children, and your lover.
(828) 457-8295 View (828) 457-8295
Photo of Asheville Counseling & Wellness Center, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Asheville Counseling & Wellness Center
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MS, LPC, BCN, CCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
The staff and clinicians at Asheville Counseling & Wellness Center are dedicated to improving the quality of life of our Clients. We offer a multitude of treatment modalities in order to provide the best care possible. Our clients can expect to receive effective and efficient treatments, while we provide the best possible client/clinician experience. Our focus is helping the public achieve health, healing and well-being. We look forward to working with you and your family.
The staff and clinicians at Asheville Counseling & Wellness Center are dedicated to improving the quality of life of our Clients. We offer a multitude of treatment modalities in order to provide the best care possible. Our clients can expect to receive effective and efficient treatments, while we provide the best possible client/clinician experience. Our focus is helping the public achieve health, healing and well-being. We look forward to working with you and your family.
(828) 482-0346 View (828) 482-0346
Photo of Elizabeth Heaney, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Elizabeth Heaney
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
Waitlist for new clients
With more than forty years of experience, I've helped clients with a wide range of issues: family of origin/childhood issues, grief and loss, life transitions, communication skills, relationship concerns and more. I work with individuals and couples, focusing on what is at the core of their difficulties. With couples, I've worked with everything from relationship dissatisfaction/boredom, affairs, communication issues, sexual/intimacy concerns, etc. As a civilian counselor on military bases for several years, I've got a clear understanding of the unique pressures and challenges facing service members and families. Let's talk!
With more than forty years of experience, I've helped clients with a wide range of issues: family of origin/childhood issues, grief and loss, life transitions, communication skills, relationship concerns and more. I work with individuals and couples, focusing on what is at the core of their difficulties. With couples, I've worked with everything from relationship dissatisfaction/boredom, affairs, communication issues, sexual/intimacy concerns, etc. As a civilian counselor on military bases for several years, I've got a clear understanding of the unique pressures and challenges facing service members and families. Let's talk!
(828) 575-5089 View (828) 575-5089
Photo of Page D. Albright, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Page D. Albright
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I have been a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) for the past 30 years serving diverse/multicultural populations that include adults and older adolescents My goal is to provide a safe and accepting environment where you feel comfortable to explore. discover and remove the blocks that have kept you trapped/struck from moving in the direction you desire. In my "toolbox," I employ various tech/strategies some of which you will learn to use on your own. I have been trained in a variety of modalities CBT, EMDR, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, IFS, and family systems therapy.
I have been a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) for the past 30 years serving diverse/multicultural populations that include adults and older adolescents My goal is to provide a safe and accepting environment where you feel comfortable to explore. discover and remove the blocks that have kept you trapped/struck from moving in the direction you desire. In my "toolbox," I employ various tech/strategies some of which you will learn to use on your own. I have been trained in a variety of modalities CBT, EMDR, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, IFS, and family systems therapy.
(828) 615-8240 View (828) 615-8240
Photo of Erika Czerwinski, Psychologist in Ridgecrest, NC
Erika Czerwinski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
People come to see me because they are experiencing a life transition, struggling with partnership/ relationships, frustrated with self-defeating patterns that they have not been able to change, having a hard time shifting relational/ family patterns, needing support navigating conflict, creating boundaries or improving relationship dynamics. I work to create a warm, safe environment where deep personal issues can be explored. I believe that we are shaped by our relationships and life experiences. I am often described as warm, intuitive and an active listener who promotes a confident, safe atmosphere for collaborative work.
People come to see me because they are experiencing a life transition, struggling with partnership/ relationships, frustrated with self-defeating patterns that they have not been able to change, having a hard time shifting relational/ family patterns, needing support navigating conflict, creating boundaries or improving relationship dynamics. I work to create a warm, safe environment where deep personal issues can be explored. I believe that we are shaped by our relationships and life experiences. I am often described as warm, intuitive and an active listener who promotes a confident, safe atmosphere for collaborative work.
(828) 759-5515 View (828) 759-5515
Photo of Heath Wise, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Heath Wise
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, CST, CSAT
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
Whether you are in a crisis in your family or you are single and just want to improve your relationships, counseling can greatly impact the outcome. Having a supportive professional listen to your specific situation and help you with the tools to change or improve it is one of the most effective things that you can do, especially around areas of sexuality or trauma.
Whether you are in a crisis in your family or you are single and just want to improve your relationships, counseling can greatly impact the outcome. Having a supportive professional listen to your specific situation and help you with the tools to change or improve it is one of the most effective things that you can do, especially around areas of sexuality or trauma.
(828) 395-1261 View (828) 395-1261
Photo of James Colvin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
James Colvin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT) - but over half of my clients are individuals.
What does it REALLY mean to be holistic and integrative? It means - you are a universe of different thoughts, quirks, capabilities, physical attributes, emotions, neurological functions, shortcomings, and strengths. It means problems aren't created - or solved - in a vacuum. In order to truly heal, we have to address the relationships between mind, body, spirit, and emotions. We have to consider the Universe. I work with members of all faiths (Christian or not) to restore the connection between mental health, physical health and spiritual health.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT) - but over half of my clients are individuals.
What does it REALLY mean to be holistic and integrative? It means - you are a universe of different thoughts, quirks, capabilities, physical attributes, emotions, neurological functions, shortcomings, and strengths. It means problems aren't created - or solved - in a vacuum. In order to truly heal, we have to address the relationships between mind, body, spirit, and emotions. We have to consider the Universe. I work with members of all faiths (Christian or not) to restore the connection between mental health, physical health and spiritual health.
(828) 476-4601 View (828) 476-4601
Photo of Kelsey Crabtree, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Kelsey Crabtree
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LCMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I'm ready to join you in healing your family tree from the inside out.
Let’s face it – being a human can be tough. Life transitions happen and can be scary, sometimes shaking us to our core. Helping you work through your past, present, and planning for a brighter future is where I come in. Even if it doesn’t always feel like it, you're in the driver’s seat of your own life. With that realization comes responsibility but also power. It's my life’s joy to empower others to create the life that they've always envisioned for themselves. Trauma has a way of repeating itself across generations, sometimes despite our best efforts. By reaching out, you're about to make the first step in ending negative cycles.
I'm ready to join you in healing your family tree from the inside out.
Let’s face it – being a human can be tough. Life transitions happen and can be scary, sometimes shaking us to our core. Helping you work through your past, present, and planning for a brighter future is where I come in. Even if it doesn’t always feel like it, you're in the driver’s seat of your own life. With that realization comes responsibility but also power. It's my life’s joy to empower others to create the life that they've always envisioned for themselves. Trauma has a way of repeating itself across generations, sometimes despite our best efforts. By reaching out, you're about to make the first step in ending negative cycles.
(828) 761-7057 View (828) 761-7057
Photo of Maggie Wiener, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
Maggie Wiener
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I have clinical training in Polyvagal Interventions, Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Family Systems, Theraplay, DBT, Brainspotting, Mindfulness and additional emotional regulation techniques.
My diverse clinical experience has led me to embrace working with kids through adults; as well as families and couples. My clients are seeking therapy to navigate difficult life transitions, create repair after impactful life experiences, navigate complex relationships, regain their ability to experience a full range of emotion and have accountability without shame. Often, they are aware and understand what should be helpful to them, but struggle to turn that knowledge into change. We will work together to explore your relationship with yourself, how it developed and how it is impacting your ability to live a fulfilled life.
I have clinical training in Polyvagal Interventions, Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Family Systems, Theraplay, DBT, Brainspotting, Mindfulness and additional emotional regulation techniques.
My diverse clinical experience has led me to embrace working with kids through adults; as well as families and couples. My clients are seeking therapy to navigate difficult life transitions, create repair after impactful life experiences, navigate complex relationships, regain their ability to experience a full range of emotion and have accountability without shame. Often, they are aware and understand what should be helpful to them, but struggle to turn that knowledge into change. We will work together to explore your relationship with yourself, how it developed and how it is impacting your ability to live a fulfilled life.
(828) 548-4173 View (828) 548-4173
Photo of Rachel Fowler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
Rachel Fowler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I have been in the other seat and done the important work of healing and I feel so honored and grateful every day to partner with others on their own path to healing. My approach to counseling is gentle, encouraging and nurturing, although I can be direct when it is helpful. My support is unconditional and without judgement.
I have been in the other seat and done the important work of healing and I feel so honored and grateful every day to partner with others on their own path to healing. My approach to counseling is gentle, encouraging and nurturing, although I can be direct when it is helpful. My support is unconditional and without judgement.
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Photo of Liz Gundlach, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
Liz Gundlach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
If you have been feeling lost, unsure of what's next, feeling increased worry, self-doubt, guilt, or shame—these may be indicators that it’s time to pause. I’d like to help you peel back your layers and make more room to breathe. If relationships have become increasingly difficult to maintain, I’d like to help you build your skills around communication, increasing intimacy, and improving effective dynamics to get your own needs met. Sometimes coping through alcohol or drugs is a part of the struggle, and you are safe to talk about this here without judgment or a hidden agenda.
If you have been feeling lost, unsure of what's next, feeling increased worry, self-doubt, guilt, or shame—these may be indicators that it’s time to pause. I’d like to help you peel back your layers and make more room to breathe. If relationships have become increasingly difficult to maintain, I’d like to help you build your skills around communication, increasing intimacy, and improving effective dynamics to get your own needs met. Sometimes coping through alcohol or drugs is a part of the struggle, and you are safe to talk about this here without judgment or a hidden agenda.
(828) 547-3468 View (828) 547-3468
Photo of Nell Corry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
Nell Corry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, NCGC, MBACP
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stressed? Overwhelmed by relationship, work issues, addictions? Congratulations for taking the first step to change your life. Reaching out for help takes courage at a time when we are not feeling very brave. No matter how overwhelming things seem now, all of your problems have solutions. I provide a safe, private environment where we work together to help you feel empowered, at peace, good about yourself and excited about living. I offer a free 20 minute consultation so you can ask questions and decide if you feel comfortable working with me. I look forward to hearing from you soon!
Are you feeling anxious, depressed, stressed? Overwhelmed by relationship, work issues, addictions? Congratulations for taking the first step to change your life. Reaching out for help takes courage at a time when we are not feeling very brave. No matter how overwhelming things seem now, all of your problems have solutions. I provide a safe, private environment where we work together to help you feel empowered, at peace, good about yourself and excited about living. I offer a free 20 minute consultation so you can ask questions and decide if you feel comfortable working with me. I look forward to hearing from you soon!
(828) 476-4054 View (828) 476-4054
Photo of Jennifer Gift, Counselor in Ridgecrest, NC
Jennifer Gift
Counselor, MS, NCC, LCMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate in NC, a National Certified Counselor, and a Qualified Professional in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare with over ten years of experience as a direct care staff and mentor serving pre-teens, adolescents, young adults, and their families. A special focus of mine has been serving helping professionals who experience burnout, through individual counseling, peer support groups, advocacy, research, conference participation, and professional presentations. I am passionate about holistic wellness within the mental/behavioral healthcare field, as this directly impacts client care.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate in NC, a National Certified Counselor, and a Qualified Professional in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare with over ten years of experience as a direct care staff and mentor serving pre-teens, adolescents, young adults, and their families. A special focus of mine has been serving helping professionals who experience burnout, through individual counseling, peer support groups, advocacy, research, conference participation, and professional presentations. I am passionate about holistic wellness within the mental/behavioral healthcare field, as this directly impacts client care.
(828) 677-3005 View (828) 677-3005
Photo of Ezra K Post, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ridgecrest, NC
Ezra K Post
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Black Mountain, NC 28711
I am a somatic psychotherapist and clinical supervisor, who enjoys working with people from all human backgrounds. I have been in practice 13 years. I specialize in trauma and attachment resolution, and the various mental/emotional/relational difficulties that can stem from trauma and attachment wounding. I also have a great passion and skill for working out patterns of oppression in the body. Aliveness, strength, respect, laughter, kindness, humility… these are all qualities central to the work I do. Together we will create an alliance to discover the true and beautiful health that exists inside you, and let your truest self shine!
I am a somatic psychotherapist and clinical supervisor, who enjoys working with people from all human backgrounds. I have been in practice 13 years. I specialize in trauma and attachment resolution, and the various mental/emotional/relational difficulties that can stem from trauma and attachment wounding. I also have a great passion and skill for working out patterns of oppression in the body. Aliveness, strength, respect, laughter, kindness, humility… these are all qualities central to the work I do. Together we will create an alliance to discover the true and beautiful health that exists inside you, and let your truest self shine!
(828) 554-7937 View (828) 554-7937
Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.