Therapists in Brookline, MA
Paula Berman
Counselor, PsyaD, CertPsy, MEd
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Do you not have enough satisfaction in your life? Do you wish you were in a relationship? Are you struggling with the one you are in? Do you wish for a better career?
Talking in a therapeutic environment helps people take more control of their lives, allowing them to experience a quality of life that was otherwise impossible. It is rewarding to see this type of change take place with my clients.
Do you not have enough satisfaction in your life? Do you wish you were in a relationship? Are you struggling with the one you are in? Do you wish for a better career?
Talking in a therapeutic environment helps people take more control of their lives, allowing them to experience a quality of life that was otherwise impossible. It is rewarding to see this type of change take place with my clients.
Jordan Haghighi
Pre-Licensed Professional, Mhc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
Deciding to seek any form of support isn't always the easiest decision. Recognizing that you want to connect with a professional about anxiety, depression, previous trauma or just someone to talk to with an impartial view, is a tremendous step in your growth as an individual. I pride myself on my ability to meet with my clients where they are at. To genuinely listen to them without judgement. Ensuring that they know I am on their team and want to help them achieve their goals. My primary goal is for the clients I work with to feel as comfortable and rewarded as possible through this process.
Deciding to seek any form of support isn't always the easiest decision. Recognizing that you want to connect with a professional about anxiety, depression, previous trauma or just someone to talk to with an impartial view, is a tremendous step in your growth as an individual. I pride myself on my ability to meet with my clients where they are at. To genuinely listen to them without judgement. Ensuring that they know I am on their team and want to help them achieve their goals. My primary goal is for the clients I work with to feel as comfortable and rewarded as possible through this process.
Brookline Psychological Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Not accepting new clients
Since 1986, I have specialized in working with male and female survivors of sexual abuse and trauma, as well as addiction . I am Executive Director of TakingBackOurselves. (www.takingbackourselves.org) , a resource for survivors of sexual abuse and assault dedicated to empowering survivors of sexual trauma. I work in the therapy process to provide the challenge, balance, and support for men and women to do their work with courage and dignity, with hope and a sense of humor..
Since 1986, I have specialized in working with male and female survivors of sexual abuse and trauma, as well as addiction . I am Executive Director of TakingBackOurselves. (www.takingbackourselves.org) , a resource for survivors of sexual abuse and assault dedicated to empowering survivors of sexual trauma. I work in the therapy process to provide the challenge, balance, and support for men and women to do their work with courage and dignity, with hope and a sense of humor..
Maya Peretzman
Mental Health Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
I am a psychotherapist with over 10 years of clinical experience working with children and adolescents aged 6-18 to overcome personal obstacles and build resilience. I strive to create a welcoming and nurturing environment for my clients to give them a safe space for emotional growth and positive change. I have a Certificate in Traumatic Stress Studies and have developed a range of specialized techniques for the treatment of ADHD, self-control issues, aggression, anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, mood difficulties, attachment disorders and PTSD. My cross-cultural experience supports my work with diverse populations
I am a psychotherapist with over 10 years of clinical experience working with children and adolescents aged 6-18 to overcome personal obstacles and build resilience. I strive to create a welcoming and nurturing environment for my clients to give them a safe space for emotional growth and positive change. I have a Certificate in Traumatic Stress Studies and have developed a range of specialized techniques for the treatment of ADHD, self-control issues, aggression, anxiety disorders, low self-esteem, mood difficulties, attachment disorders and PTSD. My cross-cultural experience supports my work with diverse populations
Aaron E Kook
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
You keep wondering if you are repeating the same pattern again and again; it feels inevitable and totally out of your control and yet you can't stop blaming yourself. I commend you for holding on to hope, for reaching out. It requires courage and inner strength to look for someone who is trained to listen and help. I have training and experience helping those who struggle with depression, anxiety, memories of trauma, career and relationship difficulties.
You keep wondering if you are repeating the same pattern again and again; it feels inevitable and totally out of your control and yet you can't stop blaming yourself. I commend you for holding on to hope, for reaching out. It requires courage and inner strength to look for someone who is trained to listen and help. I have training and experience helping those who struggle with depression, anxiety, memories of trauma, career and relationship difficulties.
Carol B Sterling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
You CAN get 'unstuck' from the past, feel better about yourself, learn new life skills, and set new goals. Difficult life events: breakups, divorce, college, leaving home, illness, loss, and aging can be resolved. Together, as a team, we safely 'unpack' what impacts your life, your decisions, and your relationships. A combination of traditional talk therapy, mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral techniques, guided imagery, and 'stress busters' are just some of the personally tailored tools to meet your individual needs as you move toward a more fulfilling life. We focus on hope, strengths, possibilities, and self-empowerment.
You CAN get 'unstuck' from the past, feel better about yourself, learn new life skills, and set new goals. Difficult life events: breakups, divorce, college, leaving home, illness, loss, and aging can be resolved. Together, as a team, we safely 'unpack' what impacts your life, your decisions, and your relationships. A combination of traditional talk therapy, mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral techniques, guided imagery, and 'stress busters' are just some of the personally tailored tools to meet your individual needs as you move toward a more fulfilling life. We focus on hope, strengths, possibilities, and self-empowerment.
Immigration Evaluations, Kirstie Olofsson LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, English, Spanish
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
Hello there, I am Kirstie Olofsson, a first-generation immigrant Latina from Colombia fluent in English and Spanish. I specialize in immigration evaluations (asylum, hardship, VAWA, T-Visa, and U-Visa). I do not provide therapy. I bring a compassionate approach and cultural competence to my work. For More Information, visit: www.kirstieolofsson.com
Hello there, I am Kirstie Olofsson, a first-generation immigrant Latina from Colombia fluent in English and Spanish. I specialize in immigration evaluations (asylum, hardship, VAWA, T-Visa, and U-Visa). I do not provide therapy. I bring a compassionate approach and cultural competence to my work. For More Information, visit: www.kirstieolofsson.com
Miriam Braude
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446
Finding someone you feel comfortable talking with is important when searching for a good therapist. My clients have described me as genuine and easy to talk to about life challenges. I think of myself as a coach or guide who helps you make connections, learn new ways to manage life and enhance your own unique strengths. My clients would describe my therapeutic style as supportive, nurturing, authentic, active, validating, and insight-building.
Finding someone you feel comfortable talking with is important when searching for a good therapist. My clients have described me as genuine and easy to talk to about life challenges. I think of myself as a coach or guide who helps you make connections, learn new ways to manage life and enhance your own unique strengths. My clients would describe my therapeutic style as supportive, nurturing, authentic, active, validating, and insight-building.
Sayftee, LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Waitlist for new clients
Please do not call. To inquire, fill out the "Contact SAYFTEE" form on our website (www.sayftee.com/contact-us). We are a socially conscious group practice of queer, trans, and nonbinary clinicians. We offer a range of services including individual, couple/relationship, group, and family therapy. Our clinicians work with children, adolescents, and adults. We are committed to serving gender expansive and LGBTQI+ people and those who love them. Learn more about us and our team on our website!
Please do not call. To inquire, fill out the "Contact SAYFTEE" form on our website (www.sayftee.com/contact-us). We are a socially conscious group practice of queer, trans, and nonbinary clinicians. We offer a range of services including individual, couple/relationship, group, and family therapy. Our clinicians work with children, adolescents, and adults. We are committed to serving gender expansive and LGBTQI+ people and those who love them. Learn more about us and our team on our website!
Lauren C. Berman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
My approach is active, supportive and collaborative. I enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, relationship issues, career/academic, parenting, grief, chronic illness, disabilities, divorce, remarriage, and GLBT populations. I also like working with people who are creative and/or who have a sense of humor. I usually have only day time appointments and I do not usually see clients on weekends.
My approach is active, supportive and collaborative. I enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, relationship issues, career/academic, parenting, grief, chronic illness, disabilities, divorce, remarriage, and GLBT populations. I also like working with people who are creative and/or who have a sense of humor. I usually have only day time appointments and I do not usually see clients on weekends.
Nicholas Acquadro
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
There can be many reasons to consider beginning therapy. We seem to live in a time of increased isolation and alienation, dissatisfaction and unrest. Talk therapy provides a unique space for connection, reflection, and understanding. It can help with overcoming internal and external obstacles, leading to a higher quality of life and relationships. I have experience working with people who have depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, fears, and a range of mental health challenges. By gaining a deeper understanding of your issues and yourself, we can find relief and a way forward.
There can be many reasons to consider beginning therapy. We seem to live in a time of increased isolation and alienation, dissatisfaction and unrest. Talk therapy provides a unique space for connection, reflection, and understanding. It can help with overcoming internal and external obstacles, leading to a higher quality of life and relationships. I have experience working with people who have depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, addiction, fears, and a range of mental health challenges. By gaining a deeper understanding of your issues and yourself, we can find relief and a way forward.
15 Second Videos
Jordan Haghighi
Carolina Lancastre
Michael Harris
Masha Sorkin, LICSW
Sarah Fine Kosa
Kimberly Schildbach
Jonathan E. Goldberg
Sadeq Rahimi
Dignity Weight Center
Marinieves Ouellette
Analisa Savini
Sarah Carter
Thomas Babbitt
Andrew Richlin
Hannah Brents
Kate Moschandreas
Jonathan Jurow
Joseph Prever
Nicole Lee McNeil
Intentional Discovery, LLC
Nicholas Morrison
Rachel Stanton
Lannie Lee
Howie Schnairsohn- - - - -Group Therapist (Young Adults)
Natalia Rosenbaum
Marianne Brandon
Elyse Stewart
Emily Merchant
Catie Hunter
Lee Kandlbinder
Shane MacDonald
David Caparrelli
Sydney Morris
Benjamin Bellet
Sima (Sharon) Menora
Johanna Wechsler
Samantha Rynderman
Michael Ruben Relationship Counseling
Marlo Pedroso
Julie Gardner Mandel
Intensive CBT Program for Anxiety and OCD
Kimberly Snapper
Comfort Counseling Center
Hannah Kanter
Karen Chinca-Nourished Minds Counseling + Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
At Nourished Minds, we offer compassionate, holistic, and evidence-based counseling to adolescents, adults, and families. We provide a safe, affirming, and inclusive therapeutic space for clients struggling with a wide range of mental health disorders which include anxiety disorders, eating disorders, trauma, OCD, and depression. Our licensed and experienced therapists specialize in treatment modalities which include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and internal family systems (IFS).
At Nourished Minds, we offer compassionate, holistic, and evidence-based counseling to adolescents, adults, and families. We provide a safe, affirming, and inclusive therapeutic space for clients struggling with a wide range of mental health disorders which include anxiety disorders, eating disorders, trauma, OCD, and depression. Our licensed and experienced therapists specialize in treatment modalities which include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and internal family systems (IFS).
Katharine Thomson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
In addition to my faculty and hospital-based roles, I have a private practice for children, adolescents, and adults. I am trained in evidence-based approaches, including CBT and DBT, and treat a range of psychiatric diagnoses such as anxiety, depression, OCD, self-injury, trauma, somatic symptoms, and eating disorders (including ARFID). I welcome children/teens, couples, parents, and families from all backgrounds and strive for culturally responsive and attuned care. My interventions include mindfulness (relaxation and awareness) and focus on reducing distress and improving relationships, all delivered with warmth and humor.
In addition to my faculty and hospital-based roles, I have a private practice for children, adolescents, and adults. I am trained in evidence-based approaches, including CBT and DBT, and treat a range of psychiatric diagnoses such as anxiety, depression, OCD, self-injury, trauma, somatic symptoms, and eating disorders (including ARFID). I welcome children/teens, couples, parents, and families from all backgrounds and strive for culturally responsive and attuned care. My interventions include mindfulness (relaxation and awareness) and focus on reducing distress and improving relationships, all delivered with warmth and humor.
Amy S Kavadlo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life's difficulties are too hard to bear alone. Talking with a trusted person, over a period of time, can make a significant difference. This is the essence of psychotherapy. Sometimes people come in crisis, in major life transitions, are grieving a loss; sometimes there are problems in one's own personality, in relationships, family, work, or just plain loneliness. There may be the residue of childhood trauma or other pain from the past that is getting in the way of living a more fulfilling and creative life.
Sometimes life's difficulties are too hard to bear alone. Talking with a trusted person, over a period of time, can make a significant difference. This is the essence of psychotherapy. Sometimes people come in crisis, in major life transitions, are grieving a loss; sometimes there are problems in one's own personality, in relationships, family, work, or just plain loneliness. There may be the residue of childhood trauma or other pain from the past that is getting in the way of living a more fulfilling and creative life.
Carol Reichenthal
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
If you want help dealing with loss, depression or anxiety, have difficulties in your important relationships, or are struggling with life transitions, issues of emerging adulthood, identity, relocation, caring for ill or aging family members, we can work together to help you feel happier and more satisfied. Using a combination of skills that include insight, practicality, empathy and warmth, I help people understand and resolve their difficulties and maximize their strengths. Psychotherapy is profoundly helpful in dealing with persistent problems rooted in the past and making headway with more immediate issues in the present.
If you want help dealing with loss, depression or anxiety, have difficulties in your important relationships, or are struggling with life transitions, issues of emerging adulthood, identity, relocation, caring for ill or aging family members, we can work together to help you feel happier and more satisfied. Using a combination of skills that include insight, practicality, empathy and warmth, I help people understand and resolve their difficulties and maximize their strengths. Psychotherapy is profoundly helpful in dealing with persistent problems rooted in the past and making headway with more immediate issues in the present.
MacKenzie Lee
Counselor, LMHC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Currently Accepting New Clients (with limited availability). I am an experienced child and adolescent clinician who values a collaborative approach in my therapeutic work with young people and their families. I work with individuals to create a comfortable and nurturing environment that fosters growth and resilience. I have experience working in acute mental health services and outpatient settings, particularly with life adjustments, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and self-harming behaviors. I utilize a person centered, trauma informed, and skills-based approach to help treat depression, anxiety, trauma, and grief.
Currently Accepting New Clients (with limited availability). I am an experienced child and adolescent clinician who values a collaborative approach in my therapeutic work with young people and their families. I work with individuals to create a comfortable and nurturing environment that fosters growth and resilience. I have experience working in acute mental health services and outpatient settings, particularly with life adjustments, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and self-harming behaviors. I utilize a person centered, trauma informed, and skills-based approach to help treat depression, anxiety, trauma, and grief.
Shannon Mackey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I have experience helping people of diverse backgrounds and identities in various stages of life, including adolescents, young adults, middle adults, and older adults, as they explore issues that arise through transitions, losses, daily stresses, and changing relationships as well as experiences of grief, trauma, family issues, identity exploration, divorce, infertility, depression, and anxiety. Different phases of life can bring new challenges or raise old concerns that we thought were behind us. I assist people in exploring their current worries in response to specific goals as well as the desire for deeper understanding.
I have experience helping people of diverse backgrounds and identities in various stages of life, including adolescents, young adults, middle adults, and older adults, as they explore issues that arise through transitions, losses, daily stresses, and changing relationships as well as experiences of grief, trauma, family issues, identity exploration, divorce, infertility, depression, and anxiety. Different phases of life can bring new challenges or raise old concerns that we thought were behind us. I assist people in exploring their current worries in response to specific goals as well as the desire for deeper understanding.
Rhoda S Goodwin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
I am a clinical psychologist in practice for over 25 years. People often look for a therapist when they are experiencing anxiety, sadness, depression, loss, or issues relating to life changes. People want to deal with relationships, school, work, family. and career issues, as well as general feelings of unhappiness. Our work together includes present problems, history, and the changes you would like to see for the future, as well as what seems to be getting in your way.
I am a clinical psychologist in practice for over 25 years. People often look for a therapist when they are experiencing anxiety, sadness, depression, loss, or issues relating to life changes. People want to deal with relationships, school, work, family. and career issues, as well as general feelings of unhappiness. Our work together includes present problems, history, and the changes you would like to see for the future, as well as what seems to be getting in your way.
Martha Bitsberger
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
**I am not currently accepting any new referrals** I have been working as a psychotherapist in the Boston area for over 25 years. I work hard to help create a safe space in which individuals can explore struggles without the fear of judgment. Whether people are wanting to address a current life situation that is challenging or feel they have unresolved issues from their childhood, I work collaboratively to help people challenge themselves to gain insights and greater satisfaction in their personal and professional worlds.
**I am not currently accepting any new referrals** I have been working as a psychotherapist in the Boston area for over 25 years. I work hard to help create a safe space in which individuals can explore struggles without the fear of judgment. Whether people are wanting to address a current life situation that is challenging or feel they have unresolved issues from their childhood, I work collaboratively to help people challenge themselves to gain insights and greater satisfaction in their personal and professional worlds.
Grace Lawton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446 (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adults navigating anxiety, obsessive thinking, family/relationship conflicts, self-confidence concerns, and life transitions. In our work together, I'll take an integrative approach, pulling from a variety of modalities to best fit your needs. I am actively invested in motivating you to challenge negative thinking, change undesired patterns in your life, embrace your true potential, and live a life that aligns with your goals and values. I work best with those who desire the skills to cope with life's challenges and are motivated to see change in their life.
I specialize in working with adults navigating anxiety, obsessive thinking, family/relationship conflicts, self-confidence concerns, and life transitions. In our work together, I'll take an integrative approach, pulling from a variety of modalities to best fit your needs. I am actively invested in motivating you to challenge negative thinking, change undesired patterns in your life, embrace your true potential, and live a life that aligns with your goals and values. I work best with those who desire the skills to cope with life's challenges and are motivated to see change in their life.
See more therapy options for Brookline
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Brookline, MA
700+
Average cost per session
$180
Therapists in Brookline, MA who prioritize treating:
94% | Anxiety |
90% | Depression |
82% | Relationship Issues |
76% | Self Esteem |
65% | Trauma and PTSD |
64% | Grief |
64% | Coping Skills |
Average years in practice
15 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
81% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
42% | Aetna |
42% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Brookline, MA see their clients
61% | In Person and Online | |
39% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
76% | Female | |
23% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Brookline?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.