Photo of Gisela J Gonzales, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Gisela J Gonzales
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313  (Online Only)
I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 10 years of clinical experience.
'Servicios disponibles en español.' Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, addiction, major life changes; or simply feel lost, disconnected, or unable to find meaning/purpose. Let's identify what is currently causing you distress and the areas you seek to resolve/improve. Wherever you find yourself in life, I will provide you a supportive environment where we'll collaboratively establish goals and an individualized plan that is right for you. We will not only treat your symptoms, but most importantly, identify and resolve the cause in order effect sustainable change.
I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 10 years of clinical experience.
'Servicios disponibles en español.' Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, addiction, major life changes; or simply feel lost, disconnected, or unable to find meaning/purpose. Let's identify what is currently causing you distress and the areas you seek to resolve/improve. Wherever you find yourself in life, I will provide you a supportive environment where we'll collaboratively establish goals and an individualized plan that is right for you. We will not only treat your symptoms, but most importantly, identify and resolve the cause in order effect sustainable change.
(661) 771-3271 View (661) 771-3271
Photo of Dragana Stijepovic, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Dragana Stijepovic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgecrest, CA 93555
Welcome! My name is Dragana Stijepovic. I have over 21 years of experience in the mental health field. I am a licensed clinical social worker in the state of California. Glad to see you are taking steps toward emotional growth, healing, and self-care. It can be frightening and challenging. The clients I work with daily are those with serious health issues with anxiety, phobias, depression, stress, and family issues. We will walk your journey's path together until you are ready to walk it alone. "As you start to walk on the way, the way appears." -Rumi.
Welcome! My name is Dragana Stijepovic. I have over 21 years of experience in the mental health field. I am a licensed clinical social worker in the state of California. Glad to see you are taking steps toward emotional growth, healing, and self-care. It can be frightening and challenging. The clients I work with daily are those with serious health issues with anxiety, phobias, depression, stress, and family issues. We will walk your journey's path together until you are ready to walk it alone. "As you start to walk on the way, the way appears." -Rumi.
(559) 838-4516 View (559) 838-4516
Photo of Donnamarie Elcock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Donnamarie Elcock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93305  (Online Only)
I have been on a life journey that will continue forever because we never stop creating a greater more powerful self. Why we would do that, it feels encapsulating to be struck in a BOX of epic proportions feeling there is no opening the door the best of you! The opening to knowledge can result in the gaining of creative strategies for coping skills, self-care, managing symptoms, workshops, groups, books, exercises, seminars, videos, podcasts, motivational interviewing, artwork, Mental Health is recognizing/acknowledging its existence in yourself, family, friends. and the coping mechanisms to assist with managing symptoms.
I have been on a life journey that will continue forever because we never stop creating a greater more powerful self. Why we would do that, it feels encapsulating to be struck in a BOX of epic proportions feeling there is no opening the door the best of you! The opening to knowledge can result in the gaining of creative strategies for coping skills, self-care, managing symptoms, workshops, groups, books, exercises, seminars, videos, podcasts, motivational interviewing, artwork, Mental Health is recognizing/acknowledging its existence in yourself, family, friends. and the coping mechanisms to assist with managing symptoms.
(619) 848-1321 View (619) 848-1321
Photo of Juanita Smith, Counselor in Kern County, CA
Juanita Smith
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93306
I am a highly experienced Licensed Clinical Therapist with over 20 years of practice in Illinois, Texas, California, and Nebraska. Throughout my career, I have successfully helped numerous individuals and families navigate life's challenges, including personal, peer, work, school, and family-related issues. With a strong foundation in strength-based and client-centered principles, I prioritize collaboration and active participation between myself and my clients. By fostering a supportive and empowering therapeutic environment, we work together to identify strengths, overcome obstacles, and create positive change.
I am a highly experienced Licensed Clinical Therapist with over 20 years of practice in Illinois, Texas, California, and Nebraska. Throughout my career, I have successfully helped numerous individuals and families navigate life's challenges, including personal, peer, work, school, and family-related issues. With a strong foundation in strength-based and client-centered principles, I prioritize collaboration and active participation between myself and my clients. By fostering a supportive and empowering therapeutic environment, we work together to identify strengths, overcome obstacles, and create positive change.
(831) 604-2645 View (831) 604-2645
Photo of Siomara Calixtro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Siomara Calixtro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ridgecrest, CA 93555
I am Siomara Calixtro, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have extensive experience working with adolescents and adults of all ages. In my private practice, I utilize a compassionate, clients' strength base approach to ensure clients are feeling safe and understood. I focus on meeting client's needs and expectations for treatment care. I am comfortable treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Attention Deficit Disorder, Bipolar I and II, and Relationships issues.
I am Siomara Calixtro, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have extensive experience working with adolescents and adults of all ages. In my private practice, I utilize a compassionate, clients' strength base approach to ensure clients are feeling safe and understood. I focus on meeting client's needs and expectations for treatment care. I am comfortable treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Attention Deficit Disorder, Bipolar I and II, and Relationships issues.
(916) 472-0901 View (916) 472-0901
Photo of Shawn Briggs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Shawn Briggs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93312
My skills include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Conflict Resolution, and Family systems therapy.
My name is Shawn Marie Briggs, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). My education includes a master's in social work from the University of Southern California (USC). Through my education and experience, I have developed expertise in cultural diversity and the ability to provide clients with guidance through life's most difficult challenges. One of the most wonderful parts of my work is having the ability to meet clients where they are at and helping them to explore methods of coping that would best suit their individual needs.
My skills include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Conflict Resolution, and Family systems therapy.
My name is Shawn Marie Briggs, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). My education includes a master's in social work from the University of Southern California (USC). Through my education and experience, I have developed expertise in cultural diversity and the ability to provide clients with guidance through life's most difficult challenges. One of the most wonderful parts of my work is having the ability to meet clients where they are at and helping them to explore methods of coping that would best suit their individual needs.
(562) 684-6294 View (562) 684-6294
Photo of Georgina Kasih, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Georgina Kasih
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313
My name is Georgina Kasih, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Southern California, and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in the areas of relationship issues, trauma, anxiety, grief & loss, ADHD, and ASD. I use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Problem-Solving Therapy, CBT, Seeking Safety, and somatic therapy techniques, among many other strategies, to help my clients achieve their personal goals. My therapeutic approach is tailored specifically to the needs of my clients.
My name is Georgina Kasih, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Southern California, and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in the areas of relationship issues, trauma, anxiety, grief & loss, ADHD, and ASD. I use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Problem-Solving Therapy, CBT, Seeking Safety, and somatic therapy techniques, among many other strategies, to help my clients achieve their personal goals. My therapeutic approach is tailored specifically to the needs of my clients.
(661) 690-0627 View (661) 690-0627
Photo of Yessica Avancena, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Yessica Avancena
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MBA, CMT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93312
The ideal client is one who is ready for change and open to healing. I work with individuals with a variety of mental health issues, emergent spirituality concerns or finding oneself through life purpose utilizing Mindfulness-based practices, energy work among other techniques to help decrease stress and promote happiness.
The ideal client is one who is ready for change and open to healing. I work with individuals with a variety of mental health issues, emergent spirituality concerns or finding oneself through life purpose utilizing Mindfulness-based practices, energy work among other techniques to help decrease stress and promote happiness.
(661) 218-1760 View (661) 218-1760
Photo of Nadine La Fleur, Psychologist in Kern County, CA
Nadine La Fleur
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313
Hi there, I'm Nadine! The atmosphere I provide is warm and trusting without judgement. I allow the client to tell me their story without interruption. If I feel they need more help or direction it is provided. The helping professional has always allured. It felt like a natural and nice way to spend one's time in a career. There was also a desire to find out more about myself and what drives my own behavior. In addition, there was also a need to improve myself and be a compassionate and understanding human being.
Hi there, I'm Nadine! The atmosphere I provide is warm and trusting without judgement. I allow the client to tell me their story without interruption. If I feel they need more help or direction it is provided. The helping professional has always allured. It felt like a natural and nice way to spend one's time in a career. There was also a desire to find out more about myself and what drives my own behavior. In addition, there was also a need to improve myself and be a compassionate and understanding human being.
(858) 683-0811 View (858) 683-0811

Online Therapists

Photo of Kenneth Rudnicki, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Kern County, CA
Kenneth Rudnicki
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
30 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Are you looking to solve the problem you have been having within your family? I am here to help you get the support you’ve been looking for to improve your relationships. Help with the fights at home about homework. Help getting your child to do what they are told the first time. Help with a transition to a new stage of life. I've always gravitated towards working with youth and young adults with the highest needs because that is where I have seen I've been most effective as a therapist.
Are you looking to solve the problem you have been having within your family? I am here to help you get the support you’ve been looking for to improve your relationships. Help with the fights at home about homework. Help getting your child to do what they are told the first time. Help with a transition to a new stage of life. I've always gravitated towards working with youth and young adults with the highest needs because that is where I have seen I've been most effective as a therapist.
(213) 263-6687 View (213) 263-6687
Photo of Alejandra Trujillo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Alejandra Trujillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Northridge, CA 91326
I use primarily Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, Somatic Approaches, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
Hablo Español. Specialty: Trauma. EMDR. Do you feel overwhelmed, not good enough, a failure, unimportant, invisible, powerless, helpless, alone, trapped, bad, like you are responsible for everything and everyone? Panic attacks? Do you often find yourself thinking: I should have done something, I have to be in control, I can’t trust my judgment, I am losing control, I'm going to die, I'm in danger? Or are you concerned that your child is unhappy, sad or depressed, withdrawn, cries often, is irritable or easily upset? Are you or your child upset from possible traumatic experience or had a major loss: divorce, dead, car accident, etc?
I use primarily Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, Somatic Approaches, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
Hablo Español. Specialty: Trauma. EMDR. Do you feel overwhelmed, not good enough, a failure, unimportant, invisible, powerless, helpless, alone, trapped, bad, like you are responsible for everything and everyone? Panic attacks? Do you often find yourself thinking: I should have done something, I have to be in control, I can’t trust my judgment, I am losing control, I'm going to die, I'm in danger? Or are you concerned that your child is unhappy, sad or depressed, withdrawn, cries often, is irritable or easily upset? Are you or your child upset from possible traumatic experience or had a major loss: divorce, dead, car accident, etc?
(818) 671-1167 View (818) 671-1167
Photo of David Ibrahim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
David Ibrahim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LAADC , E500RYT, EMDR, ISTDP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Are past traumatic experiences, being an adult child of a dysfunctional home, incest survival experiences, addiction issues, phobia, panic, anxiety, C-PTSD or depression affecting your success? Are distractions impacting your optimal performance abilities at work, in your intimate relationships, or in relationships with family members or with yourself? Are you surviving instead of thriving? I provide accelerated psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are challenged by performance loss and emotional unhappiness. Also offer Diagnosis evaluation for addiction, mood, personality, and adult Autism spectrum. HSP and Kink friendly.
Are past traumatic experiences, being an adult child of a dysfunctional home, incest survival experiences, addiction issues, phobia, panic, anxiety, C-PTSD or depression affecting your success? Are distractions impacting your optimal performance abilities at work, in your intimate relationships, or in relationships with family members or with yourself? Are you surviving instead of thriving? I provide accelerated psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are challenged by performance loss and emotional unhappiness. Also offer Diagnosis evaluation for addiction, mood, personality, and adult Autism spectrum. HSP and Kink friendly.
(323) 366-3016 View (323) 366-3016
Photo of Dr. Andrew J Leone, Psychologist in Kern County, CA
Dr. Andrew J Leone
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Glendale, CA 91202  (Online Only)
Accepting new patients! Just living in today’s world can be difficult and exhausting. Many of us feel as if we are just “getting by.” We all struggle with our mental health, from daily conflict with others, feeling frustrated or irritable, painful past experiences(trauma), struggles with work and family, and anxious thoughts. These issues can hinder our ability to heal and grow. We can all use help at times, even if we don’t know how to ask for it. I provide comprehensive support and direct feedback to help guide you through this difficult journey, to reach a path that leads to healing, understanding, acceptance, and resolution.
Accepting new patients! Just living in today’s world can be difficult and exhausting. Many of us feel as if we are just “getting by.” We all struggle with our mental health, from daily conflict with others, feeling frustrated or irritable, painful past experiences(trauma), struggles with work and family, and anxious thoughts. These issues can hinder our ability to heal and grow. We can all use help at times, even if we don’t know how to ask for it. I provide comprehensive support and direct feedback to help guide you through this difficult journey, to reach a path that leads to healing, understanding, acceptance, and resolution.
(310) 361-0831 View (310) 361-0831
Photo of Lilly Tam in Kern County, CA
Lilly Tam
EdD, CHT
Verified Verified
Santa Barbara, CA 93108
Have a love-hate relationship with your job? Your co-workers? Anxiety and stress with quarterly reviews? Overworked from meeting quotas? Perfectionist tendencies? Difficulty transitioning from work to home? Work-Family Integration, hate to go home, but need to go home? Conflict resolution. Work-life Balance. Imposter syndrome, Limerence, and relationships with colleagues. Work with the voices of your Inner critic, to build confidence to reach your goals and find peace through Inquiry-based Therapeutic Meditations, Hypnotherapy, Self-hypnosis and Coaching. Corporate teams or Private 1x1 with access to office hours.
Have a love-hate relationship with your job? Your co-workers? Anxiety and stress with quarterly reviews? Overworked from meeting quotas? Perfectionist tendencies? Difficulty transitioning from work to home? Work-Family Integration, hate to go home, but need to go home? Conflict resolution. Work-life Balance. Imposter syndrome, Limerence, and relationships with colleagues. Work with the voices of your Inner critic, to build confidence to reach your goals and find peace through Inquiry-based Therapeutic Meditations, Hypnotherapy, Self-hypnosis and Coaching. Corporate teams or Private 1x1 with access to office hours.
(805) 394-3322 View (805) 394-3322
Photo of Fran's Family Counseling, Prof Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Fran's Family Counseling, Prof Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PPS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Victorville, CA 92392
Mental Health Matters. Telephone/Online Video. I may assist with providing the tools you need to manage life at home, school, work and have healthy relationships with those in your life. I only accept individuals as I help each person learn to communicate with your spouse and family members. I only accept Inland Empire Health Plan (IEHP) insurance and TriCare West. For non members I have a current $175 cash pay special for a 60 minute counseling session. Ask about the $ 125 sliding scale fee for those that qualify. Cash app: $mhmatters2 Don't have cash app and need pay a different way? Contact me.
Mental Health Matters. Telephone/Online Video. I may assist with providing the tools you need to manage life at home, school, work and have healthy relationships with those in your life. I only accept individuals as I help each person learn to communicate with your spouse and family members. I only accept Inland Empire Health Plan (IEHP) insurance and TriCare West. For non members I have a current $175 cash pay special for a 60 minute counseling session. Ask about the $ 125 sliding scale fee for those that qualify. Cash app: $mhmatters2 Don't have cash app and need pay a different way? Contact me.
(442) 244-9054 View (442) 244-9054
Photo of Kim MacKay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Kim MacKay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403
The foundation of our programming is our team of compassionate and highly experienced behavioral healthcare professionals. The Newport staff is comprised of the best mental health leaders in the country, surrounding each client with 360-degree care. Because Newport’s philosophy of care views family as central to long-term, sustainable healing, the groundbreaking Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) methodology is also a central component of our approach. ABFT is proven to be successful in addressing adolescent and young adult suicidality by repairing ruptures in the parent-child relationship.
The foundation of our programming is our team of compassionate and highly experienced behavioral healthcare professionals. The Newport staff is comprised of the best mental health leaders in the country, surrounding each client with 360-degree care. Because Newport’s philosophy of care views family as central to long-term, sustainable healing, the groundbreaking Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) methodology is also a central component of our approach. ABFT is proven to be successful in addressing adolescent and young adult suicidality by repairing ruptures in the parent-child relationship.
(310) 919-2329 View (310) 919-2329
Photo of Joan Mendoza @ Rooted Empowerment Collective, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Joan Mendoza @ Rooted Empowerment Collective
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Covina, CA 91724
As a Latina/mother/daughter/wife, I understand the difficulty of making time to prioritize my wellness. As people of color we often hear " we have gone through worse and didn't need therapy" "our people don't need therapy, thats a white thing" "tu no estas loca." These expressions are meant to celebrate the resiliency of our people but beneath the surface they are damaging. By denying our humanity, we downplay the effects mental illness can have on us, our family and our community. We ignore our own pain and suffering, in an effort to show our "strength."
As a Latina/mother/daughter/wife, I understand the difficulty of making time to prioritize my wellness. As people of color we often hear " we have gone through worse and didn't need therapy" "our people don't need therapy, thats a white thing" "tu no estas loca." These expressions are meant to celebrate the resiliency of our people but beneath the surface they are damaging. By denying our humanity, we downplay the effects mental illness can have on us, our family and our community. We ignore our own pain and suffering, in an effort to show our "strength."
(323) 745-2278 View (323) 745-2278
Photo of Simple Life Favor Consulting, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Simple Life Favor Consulting
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90212  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) specializing in solution-focused brief therapy, I am committed to offering effective and timely support for individuals dealing with a range of challenges, including complicated mental health issues and non-comorbidities. My approach is designed to address a variety of concerns while still maintaining a focus on practical and solution-oriented strategies. I recognize that some individuals may be facing more complex mental health challenges, and my therapeutic approach is inclusive and adaptable to a diverse range of issues.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) specializing in solution-focused brief therapy, I am committed to offering effective and timely support for individuals dealing with a range of challenges, including complicated mental health issues and non-comorbidities. My approach is designed to address a variety of concerns while still maintaining a focus on practical and solution-oriented strategies. I recognize that some individuals may be facing more complex mental health challenges, and my therapeutic approach is inclusive and adaptable to a diverse range of issues.
(925) 940-1609 View (925) 940-1609
Photo of Jose Gomez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Jose Gomez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oxnard, CA 93033
Hello, I am Jose Xipe Gomez, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am here to join you on your recovery path to heal from what life challenges brings us. The hardest journey is the one you take from your head to your heart. The Healing Journey is found in the path leading back from your heart to your head. Your wellness is found in the continuous flow of honoring both your thoughts and feelings. I work with people from all walks of life, children, teenagers, adults, couples, and families. I am able to serve monolingual Spanish speaking people. I am comfortable in treating all human conditions including severe mental illness.
Hello, I am Jose Xipe Gomez, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am here to join you on your recovery path to heal from what life challenges brings us. The hardest journey is the one you take from your head to your heart. The Healing Journey is found in the path leading back from your heart to your head. Your wellness is found in the continuous flow of honoring both your thoughts and feelings. I work with people from all walks of life, children, teenagers, adults, couples, and families. I am able to serve monolingual Spanish speaking people. I am comfortable in treating all human conditions including severe mental illness.
(805) 572-6948 View (805) 572-6948
Photo of David Ibrahim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
David Ibrahim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LAADC, EMDR , EYRT500, ISTDP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403
Are past traumatic experiences, being an adult child of a dysfunctional home, incest survival experiences, addiction issues, phobia, panic, anxiety, C-PTSD or depression affecting your success? Are distractions impacting your optimal performance abilities at work, in your intimate relationships, or in relationships with family members or with yourself? Are you surviving instead of thriving? I provide accelerated Psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are challenged by performance loss and emotional unhappiness. Also offer Diagnosis evaluation for addiction, mood, personality, and adult Autism spectrum. HSP and Kink friendly.
Are past traumatic experiences, being an adult child of a dysfunctional home, incest survival experiences, addiction issues, phobia, panic, anxiety, C-PTSD or depression affecting your success? Are distractions impacting your optimal performance abilities at work, in your intimate relationships, or in relationships with family members or with yourself? Are you surviving instead of thriving? I provide accelerated Psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are challenged by performance loss and emotional unhappiness. Also offer Diagnosis evaluation for addiction, mood, personality, and adult Autism spectrum. HSP and Kink friendly.
(805) 420-7531 View (805) 420-7531

Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.