Therapists in Flagstaff, AZ

Photo of Shay Zimmer LCSW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Flagstaff, AZ
Shay Zimmer LCSW-S
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
While experiencing pain is a part of the human experience, long term suffering does not have to be. Life brings with it a rich and vast set of experiences which can include complex and confusing family dynamics, navigating relationships, death of a loved one or an animal, an end of a relationship or friendship and existential questions around who we are, what our purpose(s) are in life and why we matter. For some people these existential questions and the emotions that accompany them have come closer to awareness in the face of climate change.
While experiencing pain is a part of the human experience, long term suffering does not have to be. Life brings with it a rich and vast set of experiences which can include complex and confusing family dynamics, navigating relationships, death of a loved one or an animal, an end of a relationship or friendship and existential questions around who we are, what our purpose(s) are in life and why we matter. For some people these existential questions and the emotions that accompany them have come closer to awareness in the face of climate change.
(512) 872-3072 View (512) 872-3072
Photo of Kristin Anderson Cultivate Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Flagstaff, AZ
Kristin Anderson Cultivate Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86004
“Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And if you gaze long enough into an abyss, the abyss will gaze back into you” -Friedrich Nietzsche- I’d be honored to fight with you; and perhaps, if we're brave enough, even make peace with the monsters that you may be free. This work is powerful, transformative, and hard. I love it.
“Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And if you gaze long enough into an abyss, the abyss will gaze back into you” -Friedrich Nietzsche- I’d be honored to fight with you; and perhaps, if we're brave enough, even make peace with the monsters that you may be free. This work is powerful, transformative, and hard. I love it.
(928) 766-4133 View (928) 766-4133
Photo of Ann Claw, Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Ann Claw
Counselor, JD, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Specializing in Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Relationship Issues, I have been working with individuals, couples, families, and businesses for over 30 years. As a client, you will learn how to find peace inside yourself without using something or someone outside yourself to feel better. You will learn how to connect with yourself and others on a deeper and more meaningful level. You will learn how to stay instead of running, to speak instead of shutting down, to forgive instead of punishing. You will learn to see your reflection in the face of another and love what you see.
Specializing in Eating Disorders, Addictions, and Relationship Issues, I have been working with individuals, couples, families, and businesses for over 30 years. As a client, you will learn how to find peace inside yourself without using something or someone outside yourself to feel better. You will learn how to connect with yourself and others on a deeper and more meaningful level. You will learn how to stay instead of running, to speak instead of shutting down, to forgive instead of punishing. You will learn to see your reflection in the face of another and love what you see.
(520) 704-7287 View (520) 704-7287
Photo of David Smart - Abundant Hope Integrated Solutions, Pre-Licensed Professional in Flagstaff, AZ
David Smart - Abundant Hope Integrated Solutions
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a pre-licensed counseling intern. I provide clients a safe, warm, open, and nonjudgmental space to tell their story. I listen intently and ask questions so that we can both understand what's going on. Whether the issue is anxiety, depression, loss, phase of life transition, trauma, or challenging relationships, we will navigate it together. My sincere hope is that clients will be empowered to get what they need - such as finding contentment, healing, strength, understanding, or positive growth.
Hello! I am a pre-licensed counseling intern. I provide clients a safe, warm, open, and nonjudgmental space to tell their story. I listen intently and ask questions so that we can both understand what's going on. Whether the issue is anxiety, depression, loss, phase of life transition, trauma, or challenging relationships, we will navigate it together. My sincere hope is that clients will be empowered to get what they need - such as finding contentment, healing, strength, understanding, or positive growth.
(928) 832-4901 View (928) 832-4901
Photo of Karambir Khalsa, Psychologist in Flagstaff, AZ
Karambir Khalsa
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
If you are experiencing difficulties coping with life's uncertainties and the increasing stress of the modern world, I can help you to develop your own personal toolkit of stress management skills.
If you are experiencing difficulties coping with life's uncertainties and the increasing stress of the modern world, I can help you to develop your own personal toolkit of stress management skills.
(520) 619-7942 View (520) 619-7942
Photo of Anna E McClaugherty, Licensed Professional Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Anna E McClaugherty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, SEP, CEDS
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86004
Waitlist for new clients
Anna specializes in working with couples, individuals healing from eating disorders, families, members of the LGBTQIA community, survivors of trauma, individuals facing life transitions, chronic medical conditions, and a variety of mood disorders, particularly long-term depression and anxiety. Anna is committed to the deep work of healing through the body and would be honored to assist you on your self-growth journey.
Anna specializes in working with couples, individuals healing from eating disorders, families, members of the LGBTQIA community, survivors of trauma, individuals facing life transitions, chronic medical conditions, and a variety of mood disorders, particularly long-term depression and anxiety. Anna is committed to the deep work of healing through the body and would be honored to assist you on your self-growth journey.
(928) 212-2708 View (928) 212-2708
Photo of Kris Dohse, Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Kris Dohse
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
As a therapist I engage clients in cultivating their self compassionate voice and finding their strengths. I will also use outdoor therapy and draw on the healing power of nature when clients are interested. I often use tools such as mindfulness, motivational interviewing and somatic awareness to support clients in building resilience and coping mechanisms. I use a culturally humble, trauma informed, harm-reduction, somatic minded approach. I offer support in person or outside with walk and talk sessions or remote sessions with a secure telehealth platform.
As a therapist I engage clients in cultivating their self compassionate voice and finding their strengths. I will also use outdoor therapy and draw on the healing power of nature when clients are interested. I often use tools such as mindfulness, motivational interviewing and somatic awareness to support clients in building resilience and coping mechanisms. I use a culturally humble, trauma informed, harm-reduction, somatic minded approach. I offer support in person or outside with walk and talk sessions or remote sessions with a secure telehealth platform.
(928) 420-8392 View (928) 420-8392
Photo of Moyer Counseling Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Flagstaff, AZ
Moyer Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Are you or a family member struggling with a partner, parent, child, or with your relationship with your self? Is anxiety, depression, uncertainty, overwhelm or balancing all of life's commitments presenting challenges for your everyday functioning? Managing everything life throws our way can be frustrating, frightening, depressing and anxiety producing. Relationships are one of the most rewarding parts of our lives and they can also be one of the most challenging endeavors we pursue. It is a sign of strength to ask for help! Including a licensed professional can provide insight to improve your relationships.
Are you or a family member struggling with a partner, parent, child, or with your relationship with your self? Is anxiety, depression, uncertainty, overwhelm or balancing all of life's commitments presenting challenges for your everyday functioning? Managing everything life throws our way can be frustrating, frightening, depressing and anxiety producing. Relationships are one of the most rewarding parts of our lives and they can also be one of the most challenging endeavors we pursue. It is a sign of strength to ask for help! Including a licensed professional can provide insight to improve your relationships.
(928) 236-5439 View (928) 236-5439
Photo of Tessa Vilte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Flagstaff, AZ
Tessa Vilte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86004
I enjoy working with a variety of clients and have experience in many areas but I have special interest in working with adolescents (10 and up) and adults in individual therapy. I have additional experience working in adoption and foster care, blended and interracial families as well as first responders. I offer faith integration for those that seek it and view faith as a strong resource for clients healing journeys, while understanding the complicated relationship people can have with faith and faith transitions. I enjoy helping my clients build fulfilling lives and relationships.
I enjoy working with a variety of clients and have experience in many areas but I have special interest in working with adolescents (10 and up) and adults in individual therapy. I have additional experience working in adoption and foster care, blended and interracial families as well as first responders. I offer faith integration for those that seek it and view faith as a strong resource for clients healing journeys, while understanding the complicated relationship people can have with faith and faith transitions. I enjoy helping my clients build fulfilling lives and relationships.
(928) 955-8487 View (928) 955-8487
Photo of People Achieving Results Together in Flagstaff, AZ
People Achieving Results Together
MA, SrDA, ExTC
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86004
Not accepting new clients
This practice is designed to work with my clients not on them. We are engaged in enhancing abilities and strengths through the art of Theracoaching, an integrative approach where both the client and the practitioner are focused on their goals. You as the client work with the Theracoach to identify these goals and join them either in or out of the office to locate methods in achieving these opportunities. Whether that is school, work, relationships, frustrations with getting started, or negative habits formed. The primary focus in this practice is helping those with ASD, LD, ADHD, and co-morbid conditions.
This practice is designed to work with my clients not on them. We are engaged in enhancing abilities and strengths through the art of Theracoaching, an integrative approach where both the client and the practitioner are focused on their goals. You as the client work with the Theracoach to identify these goals and join them either in or out of the office to locate methods in achieving these opportunities. Whether that is school, work, relationships, frustrations with getting started, or negative habits formed. The primary focus in this practice is helping those with ASD, LD, ADHD, and co-morbid conditions.
(928) 285-1735 View (928) 285-1735
Photo of Mark S Anton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Mark S Anton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC-BC, LCS
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
As an independently licensed therapist, and the owner of Northern Bliss Counseling Services my goal is to help you create and live out the best version of yourself. I am confident that we all have this inside, but might not know how to find it. Together, we will identify your goals and values and create a plan to live congruent with these values. We will identify what is important to you in life and find a way to get there together.
As an independently licensed therapist, and the owner of Northern Bliss Counseling Services my goal is to help you create and live out the best version of yourself. I am confident that we all have this inside, but might not know how to find it. Together, we will identify your goals and values and create a plan to live congruent with these values. We will identify what is important to you in life and find a way to get there together.
(928) 433-5186 View (928) 433-5186
Photo of Dr. Stevie Mae Douglas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Flagstaff, AZ
Dr. Stevie Mae Douglas
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
In my office, military veterans and first responders will find a clinician with personal experience of the many challenges they have faced professionally and personally. Regardless of your background, if you are an adult looking for help with patterns and tendencies that negatively impact your work, your relationships, and/or your connection to self, I use an integrative approach to walk beside you. If you seek healing from trauma symptoms, if you need to process grief, if you seek personal change that comes from having a better understanding of yourself, take that first step. I will meet you there.
In my office, military veterans and first responders will find a clinician with personal experience of the many challenges they have faced professionally and personally. Regardless of your background, if you are an adult looking for help with patterns and tendencies that negatively impact your work, your relationships, and/or your connection to self, I use an integrative approach to walk beside you. If you seek healing from trauma symptoms, if you need to process grief, if you seek personal change that comes from having a better understanding of yourself, take that first step. I will meet you there.
(480) 485-0014 x215 View (480) 485-0014 x215
Photo of Austin Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Flagstaff, AZ
Austin Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
I have spent 10 years in the mental health field focusing my passions on mediation and conciliation for couples, families, churches, and organizations as well as childhood behavior, transition to young adulthood, and trauma. I am available for faith-affirming and Christ-centered sessions, upon request. I am trained in DBT-Informed services and utilize a strengths-based perspective as well as a solution-focused approach. I will provide a validating and supportive environment to partner with you for your desired goals. I run Peaks Counseling LLC. as a practice start-up in Downtown Flagstaff affiliated with Balance Health and Wellness.
I have spent 10 years in the mental health field focusing my passions on mediation and conciliation for couples, families, churches, and organizations as well as childhood behavior, transition to young adulthood, and trauma. I am available for faith-affirming and Christ-centered sessions, upon request. I am trained in DBT-Informed services and utilize a strengths-based perspective as well as a solution-focused approach. I will provide a validating and supportive environment to partner with you for your desired goals. I run Peaks Counseling LLC. as a practice start-up in Downtown Flagstaff affiliated with Balance Health and Wellness.
(520) 523-7670 View (520) 523-7670
Photo of Melissa Dohse Cultivate Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Flagstaff, AZ
Melissa Dohse Cultivate Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Your capacity for change, healing, and growth, is why I do this work. In the 10 years that I have been in the field, courage is what has always shown up at my door. Courage is always what leads us to change. Courage to believe that things could be different, that life doesn't have to feel this way, that I can feel whole. It would be an honor to walk alongside you on your journey from courage to hope.
Your capacity for change, healing, and growth, is why I do this work. In the 10 years that I have been in the field, courage is what has always shown up at my door. Courage is always what leads us to change. Courage to believe that things could be different, that life doesn't have to feel this way, that I can feel whole. It would be an honor to walk alongside you on your journey from courage to hope.
(928) 323-3208 View (928) 323-3208
Photo of Alexandria Bangert Cultivate Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Alexandria Bangert Cultivate Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
My goal as a therapist is to witness your story and guide you to a place of healing. I believe the most essential part of therapy is the therapeutic bond that occurs as a result of working with an individual over a period of time. There has been no greater reward in my career as a counselor than witnessing a client’s growth and helping them reach their fullest potential. I am non-judgmental in my approach and enjoy the uniqueness in individuals and the learning that takes place from working with clients from various backgrounds.
My goal as a therapist is to witness your story and guide you to a place of healing. I believe the most essential part of therapy is the therapeutic bond that occurs as a result of working with an individual over a period of time. There has been no greater reward in my career as a counselor than witnessing a client’s growth and helping them reach their fullest potential. I am non-judgmental in my approach and enjoy the uniqueness in individuals and the learning that takes place from working with clients from various backgrounds.
(928) 440-0320 View (928) 440-0320
Photo of Alicja B Stewart, Psychologist in Flagstaff, AZ
Alicja B Stewart
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Life with its transitions can be stressful and overwhelming. Even positive changes trigger distress. On this challenging path I offer my extensive training and experience to provide guidance helping you overcome obstacles to feeling better, to increase your curiosity and exploration of your self-growth, to understand yourself deeply, your relationship concerns; to make possible your working through the difficult situation. I have been successfully working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Together we identify long or short-term life difficulties such as helplessness, low self-esteem, relationship problems; we work them through, and increase satisfaction and meaning of life.
Life with its transitions can be stressful and overwhelming. Even positive changes trigger distress. On this challenging path I offer my extensive training and experience to provide guidance helping you overcome obstacles to feeling better, to increase your curiosity and exploration of your self-growth, to understand yourself deeply, your relationship concerns; to make possible your working through the difficult situation. I have been successfully working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Together we identify long or short-term life difficulties such as helplessness, low self-esteem, relationship problems; we work them through, and increase satisfaction and meaning of life.
(928) 298-4912 View (928) 298-4912
Photo of Victoria Prisco, Licensed Professional Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Victoria Prisco
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCAT, CAADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Flagstaff, AZ 86001  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel like you're constantly running on empty, even after basic interactions? Does your inner critic drown out your accomplishments, making you question your abilities (imposter syndrome) and struggle to focus or connect with others? Maybe you're juggling a lot and feel overwhelmed, despite your best efforts. Life transitions can be challenging, and sometimes underlying factors like ADHD or a persistent negative inner voice can make things even harder. You might know there's a better way to navigate life, but feel stuck in patterns of self-doubt that hold you back.
Do you ever feel like you're constantly running on empty, even after basic interactions? Does your inner critic drown out your accomplishments, making you question your abilities (imposter syndrome) and struggle to focus or connect with others? Maybe you're juggling a lot and feel overwhelmed, despite your best efforts. Life transitions can be challenging, and sometimes underlying factors like ADHD or a persistent negative inner voice can make things even harder. You might know there's a better way to navigate life, but feel stuck in patterns of self-doubt that hold you back.
(267) 478-8764 View (267) 478-8764
Photo of Robert B Williams Cultivate Counseling, Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Robert B Williams Cultivate Counseling
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
I believe that every person deserves a space where they are honestly seen, heard and valued for who they are. To that purpose, I help people live more meaningful and authentic lives, working through anxiety, addiction, depression, trauma and relationship issues. If there is something in your life that you would like to change or are simply thinking about addressing - having someone that you can talk to beyond friends and family, someone who really listens and is there to support you unconditionally can be a huge help for almost any issue.
I believe that every person deserves a space where they are honestly seen, heard and valued for who they are. To that purpose, I help people live more meaningful and authentic lives, working through anxiety, addiction, depression, trauma and relationship issues. If there is something in your life that you would like to change or are simply thinking about addressing - having someone that you can talk to beyond friends and family, someone who really listens and is there to support you unconditionally can be a huge help for almost any issue.
(928) 615-9395 View (928) 615-9395
Photo of Claire Allan Camp, Psychologist in Flagstaff, AZ
Claire Allan Camp
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Not accepting new clients
As people we are faced with many different trials and challenges throughout our lives and if you are reading this, you are likely thinking about talking to someone about the things you are facing. I appreciate how much courage it can take to begin the search of finding the therapeutic relationship that best fits you. I have a diversity of experience in working with older adults, adults, adolescents and children with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, phase of life difficulties, trauma, drug and alcohol issues, and relationship problems.
As people we are faced with many different trials and challenges throughout our lives and if you are reading this, you are likely thinking about talking to someone about the things you are facing. I appreciate how much courage it can take to begin the search of finding the therapeutic relationship that best fits you. I have a diversity of experience in working with older adults, adults, adolescents and children with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, phase of life difficulties, trauma, drug and alcohol issues, and relationship problems.
(928) 550-7858 View (928) 550-7858
Photo of Rose Wall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Flagstaff, AZ
Rose Wall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Not accepting new clients
Rose Wall is passionate about serving clients who are managing the aftermath of trauma, grief, and difficult life transitions. These experiences can leave clients struggling with mood swings, irritability, and moments of hopelessness. When trauma happens early in life, people can be left experiencing high anxiety and periods of emotional numbness. Rose will guide you through learning to calm the nervous system, and create a window where deeper therapy work can be approached with a sense of safety. Couples often have built up wounds and learning how to communicate and heal is a huge part in creating a secure attachment.
Rose Wall is passionate about serving clients who are managing the aftermath of trauma, grief, and difficult life transitions. These experiences can leave clients struggling with mood swings, irritability, and moments of hopelessness. When trauma happens early in life, people can be left experiencing high anxiety and periods of emotional numbness. Rose will guide you through learning to calm the nervous system, and create a window where deeper therapy work can be approached with a sense of safety. Couples often have built up wounds and learning how to communicate and heal is a huge part in creating a secure attachment.
(928) 224-3821 View (928) 224-3821

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Flagstaff, AZ

200+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Flagstaff, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
68% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
62% Aetna

How Therapists in Flagstaff, AZ see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Flagstaff?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.