Photo of Kamitra Scott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Kamitra Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75247  (Online Only)
Growing up, mental health didn’t exist in my family or community. Now that I am wiser, I know it was always there but overlooked, especially in the minority communities. I am here to assist you not only get through those trying times in life that we all go through but also to let you know that you are not alone in this journey. I will challenge you to become the best version of yourself by providing you with the tools and confidence to face yourself, others and have those difficult conversations. I enjoy working with male and female minorities between the ages 18-45 who struggle with depression, anxiety and trauma.
Growing up, mental health didn’t exist in my family or community. Now that I am wiser, I know it was always there but overlooked, especially in the minority communities. I am here to assist you not only get through those trying times in life that we all go through but also to let you know that you are not alone in this journey. I will challenge you to become the best version of yourself by providing you with the tools and confidence to face yourself, others and have those difficult conversations. I enjoy working with male and female minorities between the ages 18-45 who struggle with depression, anxiety and trauma.
(832) 979-6540 View (832) 979-6540
Photo of University Park Counseling & Testing Center, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
University Park Counseling & Testing Center, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75230
Are you ready to start living your life to its fullest potential? At UPC, you will find caring and genuine support for you and your family. Our hope is that you'll find a fresh perspective and learn more effective and efficient ways of coping with what life brings your way. Many of our clients discover renewed self-confidence, serenity, balance, and wellness. Relationships and work performance improve with this new outlook on life. You are given the tools you need to build and maintain a fulfilling life, along with a deeper sense of your life's meaning and purpose.
Are you ready to start living your life to its fullest potential? At UPC, you will find caring and genuine support for you and your family. Our hope is that you'll find a fresh perspective and learn more effective and efficient ways of coping with what life brings your way. Many of our clients discover renewed self-confidence, serenity, balance, and wellness. Relationships and work performance improve with this new outlook on life. You are given the tools you need to build and maintain a fulfilling life, along with a deeper sense of your life's meaning and purpose.
(469) 609-6414 View (469) 609-6414
Photo of Margaret Vadiee, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Margaret Vadiee
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75231  (Online Only)
Dr. Margaret Vadiee is a licensed psychologist at Behavioral Health Dallas and an Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor at Southern Methodist University. She provides individual and family therapy for children, adolescents, and adults. Dr. Vadiee is one of few providers in Dallas who specialize in Infant Mental Health. Throughout her career, she has achieved advanced training and practice in maternal-child attachment intervention, Child-Parent Psychotherapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Dr. Vadiee also holds a certificate in the specialty of Maternal Mental Health from Postpartum Support International.
Dr. Margaret Vadiee is a licensed psychologist at Behavioral Health Dallas and an Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor at Southern Methodist University. She provides individual and family therapy for children, adolescents, and adults. Dr. Vadiee is one of few providers in Dallas who specialize in Infant Mental Health. Throughout her career, she has achieved advanced training and practice in maternal-child attachment intervention, Child-Parent Psychotherapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Dr. Vadiee also holds a certificate in the specialty of Maternal Mental Health from Postpartum Support International.
(469) 813-5894 x107 View (469) 813-5894 x107
Photo of Carrie Eggart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Carrie Eggart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75240
I specialize in addiction, personality disorders, couples, family therapy (parental coaching/support), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
I am passionate about my clients and believe in the therapeutic process. If my client is ready, willing, and committed, change is possible! Successful treatment is achieved through mutual trust and respect cultivated in a safe, kind, judgment-free space.
I specialize in addiction, personality disorders, couples, family therapy (parental coaching/support), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
I am passionate about my clients and believe in the therapeutic process. If my client is ready, willing, and committed, change is possible! Successful treatment is achieved through mutual trust and respect cultivated in a safe, kind, judgment-free space.
(469) 256-4850 View (469) 256-4850
Photo of Cydney Schleiden, Marriage & Family Therapist in Dallas, TX
Cydney Schleiden
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75214  (Online Only)
I offer virtual individual and family therapy at this time.
As a therapist, I have many years of experience and am passionate about working with adolescents and families with various presenting issues, where I help restore hope and foster healthy relationships. I thoroughly enjoy supporting young adults as they navigate the challenges of life whether it be transitions, self-esteem, or relational issues. My areas of expertise include attachment therapy, working in juvenile justice or residential treatment, women's issues, and adolescent/young adult development.
I offer virtual individual and family therapy at this time.
As a therapist, I have many years of experience and am passionate about working with adolescents and families with various presenting issues, where I help restore hope and foster healthy relationships. I thoroughly enjoy supporting young adults as they navigate the challenges of life whether it be transitions, self-esteem, or relational issues. My areas of expertise include attachment therapy, working in juvenile justice or residential treatment, women's issues, and adolescent/young adult development.
(469) 609-6859 View (469) 609-6859
Photo of Dr. Ally Wade, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Dr. Ally Wade
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75243
Are you overwhelmed by your stress, emotions, or current ways of thinking? Maybe you are struggling with anxiety, depression, a romantic or family relationship, decision, or difficult adjustment/transition period? Regardless of what you are facing, I work from a belief that all people have resiliency to face life's challenges-and my role is to help you find that strength within yourself. With every client, I am genuinely interested in learning more about you and how I can be most helpful-which means I will use an individualized/customized approach, as opposed to a "one-size fits all" treatment.
Are you overwhelmed by your stress, emotions, or current ways of thinking? Maybe you are struggling with anxiety, depression, a romantic or family relationship, decision, or difficult adjustment/transition period? Regardless of what you are facing, I work from a belief that all people have resiliency to face life's challenges-and my role is to help you find that strength within yourself. With every client, I am genuinely interested in learning more about you and how I can be most helpful-which means I will use an individualized/customized approach, as opposed to a "one-size fits all" treatment.
(469) 530-2278 View (469) 530-2278
Photo of R Mason McCamey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
R Mason McCamey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75231
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor working with teens and adults who struggle with behavior and emotional problems, including anger management, substance issues, anxiety, depression and other issues. I can help you work through these issues to move on to a better life for yourself and your family. Working side-by-side, I will help you find acceptance for unchangeable life circumstances and work on behavioral strategies to overcome those challenges you can learn to change. Together, we will help you learn that you can find relief from suffering and move on to a life you are proud of!
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor working with teens and adults who struggle with behavior and emotional problems, including anger management, substance issues, anxiety, depression and other issues. I can help you work through these issues to move on to a better life for yourself and your family. Working side-by-side, I will help you find acceptance for unchangeable life circumstances and work on behavioral strategies to overcome those challenges you can learn to change. Together, we will help you learn that you can find relief from suffering and move on to a life you are proud of!
(214) 306-5102 View (214) 306-5102
Photo of Jeffery Armstrong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Jeffery Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75230
Adolescent and adult cognitive behavior therapist with training and experience in depression, anxiety, family stress, suicide, life changes, and emotional dysregulation. I tailor each treatment plan and session to my client's goals and strengths in order to increase emotion regulation, manage ineffective thoughts, and increase distress tolerance. My goal is for clients to develop and implement coping skills, improve interpersonal effectiveness and create a life worth living. I believe that unconditional positive support, honesty, and a little humor are crucial to success in therapy.
Adolescent and adult cognitive behavior therapist with training and experience in depression, anxiety, family stress, suicide, life changes, and emotional dysregulation. I tailor each treatment plan and session to my client's goals and strengths in order to increase emotion regulation, manage ineffective thoughts, and increase distress tolerance. My goal is for clients to develop and implement coping skills, improve interpersonal effectiveness and create a life worth living. I believe that unconditional positive support, honesty, and a little humor are crucial to success in therapy.
(214) 945-2117 View (214) 945-2117
Photo of SoulWork Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
SoulWork Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA MFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75228
I provide services for individuals and families in the areas of addiction, trauma, behavioral health, loss/grief, forgiveness, spiritual formation and marriage and family issues.
We all have places in our lives where we have been or are currently hurting. This place is our Soul; {psuche}; the heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, the center of one's being. Therapy is designed to heal and make whole those places that are broken, wounded, hurt or damaged or to keep us strong in our places of victory. To become whole we all need to do the SoulWork. SoulWork Counseling is holistic Christian counseling to meet you where you hurt and walk with you into your destiny of healing and wholeness.
I provide services for individuals and families in the areas of addiction, trauma, behavioral health, loss/grief, forgiveness, spiritual formation and marriage and family issues.
We all have places in our lives where we have been or are currently hurting. This place is our Soul; {psuche}; the heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, the center of one's being. Therapy is designed to heal and make whole those places that are broken, wounded, hurt or damaged or to keep us strong in our places of victory. To become whole we all need to do the SoulWork. SoulWork Counseling is holistic Christian counseling to meet you where you hurt and walk with you into your destiny of healing and wholeness.
(214) 307-9072 View (214) 307-9072
Photo of Marquita Y. Clay, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Marquita Y. Clay
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75252
As a psychotherapist, I provide Individual, Couples, & Family Therapy. My mission is to serve clients with understanding, empowerment, integrity & compassion. I am committed to creating positive outcomes and success while promoting growth, multicultural competency, and incorporating principals and providing skills from evidence based practices to assist clients with thriving in their environment and in the community. My purpose is to assist with improving the lives of the clients I serve.
As a psychotherapist, I provide Individual, Couples, & Family Therapy. My mission is to serve clients with understanding, empowerment, integrity & compassion. I am committed to creating positive outcomes and success while promoting growth, multicultural competency, and incorporating principals and providing skills from evidence based practices to assist clients with thriving in their environment and in the community. My purpose is to assist with improving the lives of the clients I serve.
(469) 995-8307 View (469) 995-8307
Photo of Jackie Lee, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Dallas, TX
Jackie Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75261  (Online Only)
When you are sitting across from me, my goal is for you to feel safe, understood, and encouraged. I am here to help you unlearn thoughts and behaviors that no longer serve you—to explore and unravel unhealthy habits, toxic ways of interacting with others, and harmful statements you unconsciously rehearse when you’re feeling your absolute worst. I focus on your strengths and take into account your family dynamics, how you were raised, and any trauma you have experienced.
When you are sitting across from me, my goal is for you to feel safe, understood, and encouraged. I am here to help you unlearn thoughts and behaviors that no longer serve you—to explore and unravel unhealthy habits, toxic ways of interacting with others, and harmful statements you unconsciously rehearse when you’re feeling your absolute worst. I focus on your strengths and take into account your family dynamics, how you were raised, and any trauma you have experienced.
(214) 617-9542 View (214) 617-9542
Photo of Elizabeth McConnell, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Dallas, TX
Elizabeth McConnell
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75206
I am here to help you figure out what works for you and your family.
Are you too busy to try to piece parenting tips together from social media and nothing seems to work? Do you want change NOW? Are you feeling emotionally exhausted, overwhelmed or frustrated? Do you feel out of control? I help parents with: toddler tantrums; bonding after adoption; blended families; divorce; adolescent/teen self-esteem, anger, and self-harming; sibling conflict; grief; ADHD; OCD and other behavioral problems. I'm Elizabeth and I specialize in parent coaching of children and adolescents. If you are looking for a therapist who can help you grow your skills as a parent - I am here for you.
I am here to help you figure out what works for you and your family.
Are you too busy to try to piece parenting tips together from social media and nothing seems to work? Do you want change NOW? Are you feeling emotionally exhausted, overwhelmed or frustrated? Do you feel out of control? I help parents with: toddler tantrums; bonding after adoption; blended families; divorce; adolescent/teen self-esteem, anger, and self-harming; sibling conflict; grief; ADHD; OCD and other behavioral problems. I'm Elizabeth and I specialize in parent coaching of children and adolescents. If you are looking for a therapist who can help you grow your skills as a parent - I am here for you.
(469) 489-3784 x1 View (469) 489-3784 x1
Photo of Heather Maddox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Heather Maddox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75230
I am trained in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Internal Family Systems (IFS) and Eye Movement Desensitization Therapy (EMDR).
Being human is not easy! Why we behave in the way we do is born out of life's journey. We are all influenced by various factors in our lives, both past and present, and sometimes we need help to understand how these can get in the way of being able to live life fully and with ease. Therapy can provide a safe and containing space in which to explore thoughts, feelings, beliefs and unhelpful patterns of behavior. I am passionate about working with adolescents and adults who may be experiencing difficulties related to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, low self esteem, relationship difficulties, ADHD, and parenting challenges.
I am trained in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Internal Family Systems (IFS) and Eye Movement Desensitization Therapy (EMDR).
Being human is not easy! Why we behave in the way we do is born out of life's journey. We are all influenced by various factors in our lives, both past and present, and sometimes we need help to understand how these can get in the way of being able to live life fully and with ease. Therapy can provide a safe and containing space in which to explore thoughts, feelings, beliefs and unhelpful patterns of behavior. I am passionate about working with adolescents and adults who may be experiencing difficulties related to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, low self esteem, relationship difficulties, ADHD, and parenting challenges.
(469) 972-7109 View (469) 972-7109
Photo of Walker Wellness Clinic at Cooper Aerobics Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Walker Wellness Clinic at Cooper Aerobics Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Dallas, TX 75230  (Online Only)
Our philosophy is to offer psychoeducation and psychotherapy via individual, group, or family.
Imagine for a moment experiencing a better quality of life and happiness! You will discover how to overcome depression, tension, worry, and/or obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Moreover, you will experience a renewed interest in the hobbies you used to adore like playing the piano or reading your favorite author. Your sleeping pattern will no longer be disruptive. Your eating habits will become normalized so you can learn to stay in your healthy weight range. Furthermore, you will implement a healthy lifestyle like exercising and improving your brain health and managing your stress effectively. - Believe your potential is unlimited!
Our philosophy is to offer psychoeducation and psychotherapy via individual, group, or family.
Imagine for a moment experiencing a better quality of life and happiness! You will discover how to overcome depression, tension, worry, and/or obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Moreover, you will experience a renewed interest in the hobbies you used to adore like playing the piano or reading your favorite author. Your sleeping pattern will no longer be disruptive. Your eating habits will become normalized so you can learn to stay in your healthy weight range. Furthermore, you will implement a healthy lifestyle like exercising and improving your brain health and managing your stress effectively. - Believe your potential is unlimited!
(469) 529-5830 View (469) 529-5830
Photo of Aysha G Najjab, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Aysha G Najjab
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75231
Dr. Aysha Najjab is a Clinical Psychologist who provides individual and couples therapy for older adolescents and adults. She is passionate about helping individuals gain insight into unhelpful patterns of behavior, improve resiliency, and find inner peace. Dr. Najjab uses her knowledge of evidence-based practices to tailor therapy sessions to meet the individual needs of her clients. Dr. Najjab works with a range of difficulties including anxiety, depression, perinatal stressors, chronic health issues, family conflict, and life transitions.
Dr. Aysha Najjab is a Clinical Psychologist who provides individual and couples therapy for older adolescents and adults. She is passionate about helping individuals gain insight into unhelpful patterns of behavior, improve resiliency, and find inner peace. Dr. Najjab uses her knowledge of evidence-based practices to tailor therapy sessions to meet the individual needs of her clients. Dr. Najjab works with a range of difficulties including anxiety, depression, perinatal stressors, chronic health issues, family conflict, and life transitions.
(469) 840-1654 x109 View (469) 840-1654 x109
Photo of Charles Gee, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Charles Gee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75201  (Online Only)
Sometimes in life, we experience hardships where friends, family, and community are simply not enough to get us through. We often question why me or what did I do to deserve this and now is your opportunity to explore those thoughts and feelings. As a mental health professional, my goal is to create a space for healing, processing, and growth. You can expect me to bring my true and authentic self into sessions. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I provide therapy online via a HIPAA-compliant platform.
Sometimes in life, we experience hardships where friends, family, and community are simply not enough to get us through. We often question why me or what did I do to deserve this and now is your opportunity to explore those thoughts and feelings. As a mental health professional, my goal is to create a space for healing, processing, and growth. You can expect me to bring my true and authentic self into sessions. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and I provide therapy online via a HIPAA-compliant platform.
(469) 717-3936 View (469) 717-3936
Photo of Ashley Chirayil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Ashley Chirayil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75230  (Online Only)
I have a passion for working with individuals from diverse backgrounds suffering from depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family dynamics, and grief.
It can be difficult going out of your comfort zone and speaking to a stranger about your internal/external battles. I am here to support you through recent life changes, relationship issues, chronic mental health issues, identity issues, and anything else you may not have had the opportunity to process. I have a passion for working with the teenage population, adults, and geriatrics. I enjoy allowing clients the space to address things they feel may be hindering their personal growth so they can become an empowered version of themselves. I prioritize overcoming any obstacles and ensuring you succeed in your journey towards wellness.
I have a passion for working with individuals from diverse backgrounds suffering from depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family dynamics, and grief.
It can be difficult going out of your comfort zone and speaking to a stranger about your internal/external battles. I am here to support you through recent life changes, relationship issues, chronic mental health issues, identity issues, and anything else you may not have had the opportunity to process. I have a passion for working with the teenage population, adults, and geriatrics. I enjoy allowing clients the space to address things they feel may be hindering their personal growth so they can become an empowered version of themselves. I prioritize overcoming any obstacles and ensuring you succeed in your journey towards wellness.
(214) 225-8894 View (214) 225-8894
Photo of Melody Fortenberry, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Melody Fortenberry
Psychologist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75230
Dr. Melody Fortenberry is a psychologist and marriage and family therapist, who works with people of various ages in individual, couple and family therapy. For over 40 years, the focus of her practice has been helping individuals and families achieve their life dreams and aspirations while creating happy, functional relationships. She addresses issues pertaining to stress, trauma, depression, anxiety, anger management, relationship conflict, communication, divorce, grief, life transitions, academic performance and ADD/ADHD. Through talking, listening and playing, clients have experienced old wounds and hurts being healed.
Dr. Melody Fortenberry is a psychologist and marriage and family therapist, who works with people of various ages in individual, couple and family therapy. For over 40 years, the focus of her practice has been helping individuals and families achieve their life dreams and aspirations while creating happy, functional relationships. She addresses issues pertaining to stress, trauma, depression, anxiety, anger management, relationship conflict, communication, divorce, grief, life transitions, academic performance and ADD/ADHD. Through talking, listening and playing, clients have experienced old wounds and hurts being healed.
(972) 458-9890 View (972) 458-9890
Photo of Casey Leamy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Dallas, TX
Casey Leamy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCDC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75252
I have significant experience in dual diagnosis treatment of adolescents, family therapy, and trauma.
Nothing in life is one size fits all; therapy is no exception. My first priority is to establish a trusting relationship with you, then together create goals tailored to your individual needs. As humans, we tend to shy away from uncomfortable, unwanted, or overwhelming feelings/thoughts. We all develop habits to cope; sometimes those habits may no longer be helpful. In a non-judgmental and safe environment, we will work together, unlock your potential and create the change you desire. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor and fully trained in EMDR in Texas.
I have significant experience in dual diagnosis treatment of adolescents, family therapy, and trauma.
Nothing in life is one size fits all; therapy is no exception. My first priority is to establish a trusting relationship with you, then together create goals tailored to your individual needs. As humans, we tend to shy away from uncomfortable, unwanted, or overwhelming feelings/thoughts. We all develop habits to cope; sometimes those habits may no longer be helpful. In a non-judgmental and safe environment, we will work together, unlock your potential and create the change you desire. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor and fully trained in EMDR in Texas.
(469) 778-4625 View (469) 778-4625
Photo of Amy Fisher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Amy Fisher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75254
In my years of practice I have experience working with individuals experiencing depression and anxiety, relationship concerns, family-of-origin concerns, and self-esteem issues like shame, unworthiness, and codependency.
I believe healing is a process where a safe space, empathy, and insight can provide the opportunity to better know and understand ourselves. This is what I want to provide to you. I consider it a privilege to walk with you on your journey in becoming more of the person you hope to become.
In my years of practice I have experience working with individuals experiencing depression and anxiety, relationship concerns, family-of-origin concerns, and self-esteem issues like shame, unworthiness, and codependency.
I believe healing is a process where a safe space, empathy, and insight can provide the opportunity to better know and understand ourselves. This is what I want to provide to you. I consider it a privilege to walk with you on your journey in becoming more of the person you hope to become.
(972) 458-5532 View (972) 458-5532
Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.