Photo of Jesi Courser Downs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Jesi Courser Downs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
I use techniques from The Gottman Institute, mindfulness and family-systems approach in a safe and warm environment, with the belief that a dash of humor doesn't hurt.
"It is better to light a candle than curse the darkness." This famous Eleanor Roosevelt quote can be applied to many situations. When we get stuck -- in a rut at work, in a stormy relationship, in a lukewarm marriage, with our children -- we suffer but are often pulled to focus on the problem rather than finding a solution. Sometimes, we're not aware of what the actual issue is. All we can do is try to avoid the pain, skirt problems, even pretend we are fine. We are blocked by fear -- another word for anxiety. Together, we can walk slowly through that fear, and find that light.
I use techniques from The Gottman Institute, mindfulness and family-systems approach in a safe and warm environment, with the belief that a dash of humor doesn't hurt.
"It is better to light a candle than curse the darkness." This famous Eleanor Roosevelt quote can be applied to many situations. When we get stuck -- in a rut at work, in a stormy relationship, in a lukewarm marriage, with our children -- we suffer but are often pulled to focus on the problem rather than finding a solution. Sometimes, we're not aware of what the actual issue is. All we can do is try to avoid the pain, skirt problems, even pretend we are fine. We are blocked by fear -- another word for anxiety. Together, we can walk slowly through that fear, and find that light.
(844) 241-6968 x711 View (844) 241-6968 x711
Photo of Melissa Greer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Melissa Greer
Marriage & Family Therapist, T-LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
My therapeutic approach is rooted in evidence-based practices, combining elements of narrative therapy, internal family systems, emotional-focused therapy, and CBT.
Hello there! My name is Melissa (or you can call me Mel!) and in my therapeutic work, I strive to create a safe, empathic, warm, non-judgmental, and genuine environment for all my clients. I take a human-to-human approach that is authentic, real, and personable. I come from a lens of self-compassion, trauma-focused, sex-positive, anti-racist, LGBTQIA + affirming, and systems perspective.
My therapeutic approach is rooted in evidence-based practices, combining elements of narrative therapy, internal family systems, emotional-focused therapy, and CBT.
Hello there! My name is Melissa (or you can call me Mel!) and in my therapeutic work, I strive to create a safe, empathic, warm, non-judgmental, and genuine environment for all my clients. I take a human-to-human approach that is authentic, real, and personable. I come from a lens of self-compassion, trauma-focused, sex-positive, anti-racist, LGBTQIA + affirming, and systems perspective.
(785) 369-9981 View (785) 369-9981
Photo of KC Character Development, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
KC Character Development
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502  (Online Only)
Many people show up to therapy believing that there's something wrong with them or that they are the problem. Let me assure you that you aren't "crazy." The symptoms you struggle with are just that, symptoms of a larger, more relational problem. Whether you're struggling with your mental health, connecting with your partner(s) or family members, or job related distress; we're here to help. The therapists at KCCD will always see you as a human rather than just a diagnosis. We understand that life (and our relationships) can feel overwhelming, and we're here to support you in overcoming any obstacle.
Many people show up to therapy believing that there's something wrong with them or that they are the problem. Let me assure you that you aren't "crazy." The symptoms you struggle with are just that, symptoms of a larger, more relational problem. Whether you're struggling with your mental health, connecting with your partner(s) or family members, or job related distress; we're here to help. The therapists at KCCD will always see you as a human rather than just a diagnosis. We understand that life (and our relationships) can feel overwhelming, and we're here to support you in overcoming any obstacle.
(913) 704-4135 View (913) 704-4135
Photo of Kathryn Thompson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Kathryn Thompson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSFT, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
"Everyone faces struggles at some point in life, and it is courage which allows us to seek help during those times. Common issues such as depression, anxiety, relational conflict, behavioral and emotional problems, and difficulty adjusting to life transitions can all be very oppressive, yet we can often work toward more helpful ways to manage these challenges. Asking for help can be hard, and it is usually the hard things that are worth doing."
"Everyone faces struggles at some point in life, and it is courage which allows us to seek help during those times. Common issues such as depression, anxiety, relational conflict, behavioral and emotional problems, and difficulty adjusting to life transitions can all be very oppressive, yet we can often work toward more helpful ways to manage these challenges. Asking for help can be hard, and it is usually the hard things that are worth doing."
(785) 831-4589 View (785) 831-4589
Photo of Evergreen Therapy & Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Evergreen Therapy & Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66503
Welcome to Evergreen Therapy & Wellness! Here, you can heal and restore hope for a brighter future. Evergreen Therapy & Wellness can support your goals by helping to identify possibilities in healing and growth. By uncovering inner strengths and hidden solutions, you can experience lasting change to a wide range of challenges such as grief/loss as well as anxiety and depression. With unique treatment plans to address each client's needs, success for a brighter future is possible. Hope is closer than you think!
Welcome to Evergreen Therapy & Wellness! Here, you can heal and restore hope for a brighter future. Evergreen Therapy & Wellness can support your goals by helping to identify possibilities in healing and growth. By uncovering inner strengths and hidden solutions, you can experience lasting change to a wide range of challenges such as grief/loss as well as anxiety and depression. With unique treatment plans to address each client's needs, success for a brighter future is possible. Hope is closer than you think!
(785) 384-8813 View (785) 384-8813
Photo of MHK Therapy, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
MHK Therapy, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
Waitlist for new clients
Not all clients arrive to therapy with the same issues or the same rooting point, so therapy needs to be unique to each individual. I provide a space to establish how clients see therapy happening and I am there to help guide the process in a healthy manner. The space belongs to the client, not me.
Not all clients arrive to therapy with the same issues or the same rooting point, so therapy needs to be unique to each individual. I provide a space to establish how clients see therapy happening and I am there to help guide the process in a healthy manner. The space belongs to the client, not me.
(785) 648-1292 View (785) 648-1292
Photo of Tyrone Townsend, Licensed Professional Counselor in Manhattan, KS
Tyrone Townsend
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
Are you stressed out or anxious? Does it feel like you can’t get started again? Are you struggling with finding yourself again? Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you have made the right choice by being here. I know seeking help can be challenging. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety & depression, trauma, or adjustment, you must know you don’t have to be alone in this journey. I have the experience to help you achieve your goals, overcome these struggles, and live a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
Are you stressed out or anxious? Does it feel like you can’t get started again? Are you struggling with finding yourself again? Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you have made the right choice by being here. I know seeking help can be challenging. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety & depression, trauma, or adjustment, you must know you don’t have to be alone in this journey. I have the experience to help you achieve your goals, overcome these struggles, and live a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(785) 264-4146 View (785) 264-4146
Photo of Jared A Durtschi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Jared A Durtschi
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66503
Hello! My name is Dr. Jared Durtschi. My specialty is working with couples who are facing challenges, such as emotional disconnection, frequent conflict, considering divorce, growing apart, infidelity, substance use, and parenting issues. I provide discernment counseling to help couples decide if they want to work on their relationship or end their relationship. I also provide individual therapy to adults struggling with various challenges related to mental health, their relationships, life transitions, stress, and burnout. I use evidence-based treatments, my work is strengths-based, and collaborative in nature.
Hello! My name is Dr. Jared Durtschi. My specialty is working with couples who are facing challenges, such as emotional disconnection, frequent conflict, considering divorce, growing apart, infidelity, substance use, and parenting issues. I provide discernment counseling to help couples decide if they want to work on their relationship or end their relationship. I also provide individual therapy to adults struggling with various challenges related to mental health, their relationships, life transitions, stress, and burnout. I use evidence-based treatments, my work is strengths-based, and collaborative in nature.
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Photo of Evergreen Therapy & Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Evergreen Therapy & Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66503
Greetings and Welcome to Evergreen Therapy & Wellness. Here, you can find healing and restore hope for a brighter future. Evergreen Therapy can help you discover new possibilities in growth and healing. By uncovering inner strengths and hidden solutions, clients can experience true, lasting change to a wide array of difficulties such as, trauma, grief and loss, as well as depression and anxiety. With personalized treatment plans to address each client's needs, success for a brighter future is possible. Hope is closer than you think!
Greetings and Welcome to Evergreen Therapy & Wellness. Here, you can find healing and restore hope for a brighter future. Evergreen Therapy can help you discover new possibilities in growth and healing. By uncovering inner strengths and hidden solutions, clients can experience true, lasting change to a wide array of difficulties such as, trauma, grief and loss, as well as depression and anxiety. With personalized treatment plans to address each client's needs, success for a brighter future is possible. Hope is closer than you think!
(785) 260-7683 View (785) 260-7683
Photo of Jordan Mayfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Jordan Mayfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LCAC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66502
Asking for help can be scary. It is my goal to normalize mental health struggles and seeking an outside perspective to learn and grow. I also believe that the understanding of oppression is an important part of therapy and recovery is a social justice issue. I'm a Licensed Specialist Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor. I have been in the field for over 16 years. I aim to help you explore your own strengths and problem-solving strategies. I serve as a non-judgmental sounding board to help you explore things you would like to change. My goal is to work myself out of a job so you can get on with your life.
Asking for help can be scary. It is my goal to normalize mental health struggles and seeking an outside perspective to learn and grow. I also believe that the understanding of oppression is an important part of therapy and recovery is a social justice issue. I'm a Licensed Specialist Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Clinical Addiction Counselor. I have been in the field for over 16 years. I aim to help you explore your own strengths and problem-solving strategies. I serve as a non-judgmental sounding board to help you explore things you would like to change. My goal is to work myself out of a job so you can get on with your life.
(785) 371-1414 View (785) 371-1414
Photo of Joyce Baptist, Flint Hills Trauma Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Joyce Baptist, Flint Hills Trauma Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Manhattan, KS 66502
Not accepting new clients
I am certified in EMDR, a trauma-focused therapy, and I integrate attachment, internal family systems, and narrative therapies in my work with teens, adults, couples, and families from diverse backgrounds including QTPOC (trans, queer, people of color).
Trauma can make you constantly feel on guard and disrupt your ability to live life to its fullest. I work with clients presenting with a range of trauma, past, and present. My trauma-informed treatment approach integrates the unique aspects of your culture and explores how societal assumptions and minority stress impact your life and those you care about. I provide collaborative and culturally-affirmative care and serve as an accomplice, putting allyship into practice. My goal is to help you heal from trauma and gain control of your life, where you feel empowered to make decisions that benefit you and those important to you.
I am certified in EMDR, a trauma-focused therapy, and I integrate attachment, internal family systems, and narrative therapies in my work with teens, adults, couples, and families from diverse backgrounds including QTPOC (trans, queer, people of color).
Trauma can make you constantly feel on guard and disrupt your ability to live life to its fullest. I work with clients presenting with a range of trauma, past, and present. My trauma-informed treatment approach integrates the unique aspects of your culture and explores how societal assumptions and minority stress impact your life and those you care about. I provide collaborative and culturally-affirmative care and serve as an accomplice, putting allyship into practice. My goal is to help you heal from trauma and gain control of your life, where you feel empowered to make decisions that benefit you and those important to you.
(785) 432-4546 View (785) 432-4546
Photo of Karen D Kriger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Karen D Kriger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manhattan, KS 66506
Not accepting new clients
My approach to counseling is integrative & collaborative and has been shaped primarily by Family Systems, brain-based & Narrative therapies.
You are meant to thrive. I believe that every life circumstance carries the potential to grow our health, resilience & sense of Self. Sometimes we need someone to come alongside to help & hope for us as we heal & make sense of our stories. Helping couples, families, adults & children pursue this healing & transformation is a privilege.
My approach to counseling is integrative & collaborative and has been shaped primarily by Family Systems, brain-based & Narrative therapies.
You are meant to thrive. I believe that every life circumstance carries the potential to grow our health, resilience & sense of Self. Sometimes we need someone to come alongside to help & hope for us as we heal & make sense of our stories. Helping couples, families, adults & children pursue this healing & transformation is a privilege.
(785) 450-1426 View (785) 450-1426

Online Therapists

Photo of Angela K Sartain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Angela K Sartain
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MSFT, LCMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salina, KS 67401
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, who endeavors to come along side of you and aid in finding new perspectives, insights, and strengths in addressing life obstacles. I work with all ages, individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing crises, trauma, phase of life difficulties, and other hindrances to everyday living. I am trained in EMDR, Sand Tray Therapy, Prepare and Enrich, and Couples Communication.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, who endeavors to come along side of you and aid in finding new perspectives, insights, and strengths in addressing life obstacles. I work with all ages, individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing crises, trauma, phase of life difficulties, and other hindrances to everyday living. I am trained in EMDR, Sand Tray Therapy, Prepare and Enrich, and Couples Communication.
(785) 727-7269 x302 View (785) 727-7269 x302
Photo of Shine Integrative Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Shine Integrative Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LPC, LAC, RN
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Newton, KS 67114
We offer individual, couple, and family therapy.
Shine is a group therapy practice. We are passionate about walking alongside hurting people as they courageously face life's challenges and heal emotional wounds. Attending to mind, body and spirit are essential to healing, applying the process of holistic approaches in the therapy journey. We believe in people and their ability to maneuver through painful life experiences and come out stronger and more resilient. We desire to provide a non-judgmental environment of grace, hope, and safety, so that the healing process can occur. We enjoy offering support, encouragement and praise for the challenging work of personal growth.
We offer individual, couple, and family therapy.
Shine is a group therapy practice. We are passionate about walking alongside hurting people as they courageously face life's challenges and heal emotional wounds. Attending to mind, body and spirit are essential to healing, applying the process of holistic approaches in the therapy journey. We believe in people and their ability to maneuver through painful life experiences and come out stronger and more resilient. We desire to provide a non-judgmental environment of grace, hope, and safety, so that the healing process can occur. We enjoy offering support, encouragement and praise for the challenging work of personal growth.
(316) 448-9477 View (316) 448-9477
Photo of Jacquelin N Psota, Registered Psychotherapist in Manhattan, KS
Jacquelin N Psota
Registered Psychotherapist, LCP
Verified Verified
Emporia, KS 66801
Hi! My name is Jacquelin "Jackie" Psota. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychotherapist (LCP) in Emporia, Kansas. I have 20 years of experience working with a large range of mental health diagnoses, severities, and symptoms through Individual, Family, Couples, and Group Therapy. I have and continue to work with all ages from children to geriatric. I also have experience working with batterers through Family Peace Initiative's Batterers Intervention Program and through Kansas Department of Corrections. I utilize a wide variety of techniques to best meet the client's needs.
Hi! My name is Jacquelin "Jackie" Psota. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychotherapist (LCP) in Emporia, Kansas. I have 20 years of experience working with a large range of mental health diagnoses, severities, and symptoms through Individual, Family, Couples, and Group Therapy. I have and continue to work with all ages from children to geriatric. I also have experience working with batterers through Family Peace Initiative's Batterers Intervention Program and through Kansas Department of Corrections. I utilize a wide variety of techniques to best meet the client's needs.
(620) 254-8316 View (620) 254-8316
Photo of Karen Frykholm, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Karen Frykholm, LCMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LCMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lawrence, KS 66044
I help couples develop internal and interpersonal processes to work through gridlock in communication and conflict, sex, affairs, parenting, health, infertility, family-of-origin, roles, loss, balancing connection & separateness, crises, vicissitudes of life.
Currently accepting new clients. Are you looking for help with persistent or acute discomforts or yearnings? Are they negatively affecting you in your progress in life? I can help you gain clarity, competence, and confidence in your processes for easing burdens, healing, and making meaningful changes both now and for your life ahead. I find that most people benefit from therapy for discerning and strengthening to meet what is given. There are effective ways to attend, that need not overwhelm.
I help couples develop internal and interpersonal processes to work through gridlock in communication and conflict, sex, affairs, parenting, health, infertility, family-of-origin, roles, loss, balancing connection & separateness, crises, vicissitudes of life.
Currently accepting new clients. Are you looking for help with persistent or acute discomforts or yearnings? Are they negatively affecting you in your progress in life? I can help you gain clarity, competence, and confidence in your processes for easing burdens, healing, and making meaningful changes both now and for your life ahead. I find that most people benefit from therapy for discerning and strengthening to meet what is given. There are effective ways to attend, that need not overwhelm.
(913) 937-8434 View (913) 937-8434
Photo of FORTIS, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
FORTIS
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LSCSW, LCPC, LMLP, INTERNS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, KS 66067
Serving some of our communities for over 14 years! We accept almost ALL insurance and offer affordable sliding scale options! Our clinicians hold certifications and training in an array of therapeutic modalities, including EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) for trauma, EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy), Brainspotting for trauma, DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), Somatic Experiencing, and Play Therapy for Children, ensuring comprehensive care tailored to individual needs.
Serving some of our communities for over 14 years! We accept almost ALL insurance and offer affordable sliding scale options! Our clinicians hold certifications and training in an array of therapeutic modalities, including EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) for trauma, EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy), Brainspotting for trauma, DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), Somatic Experiencing, and Play Therapy for Children, ensuring comprehensive care tailored to individual needs.
(913) 565-2131 View (913) 565-2131
Photo of Laura Ann Drinkard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Laura Ann Drinkard
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Leavenworth, KS 66048
My background includes working in the mental health field for 6 years, family reintegration, and special education.
Having been married for 12 years and a parent for 10. I have done the very things I will ask you to do. Let me show you how to have the most amazing connection. I have grown to know intimacy without shame or fear. Sometimes, I help people divorce. If you are struggling with this decision, let me help you understand what is happening and give direction. Perhaps you and your partner want to work out your separation in my office. You don't have to be enemies and you don't have to be alone in this journey. There are times when ending a relationship is the best thing two people can do.
My background includes working in the mental health field for 6 years, family reintegration, and special education.
Having been married for 12 years and a parent for 10. I have done the very things I will ask you to do. Let me show you how to have the most amazing connection. I have grown to know intimacy without shame or fear. Sometimes, I help people divorce. If you are struggling with this decision, let me help you understand what is happening and give direction. Perhaps you and your partner want to work out your separation in my office. You don't have to be enemies and you don't have to be alone in this journey. There are times when ending a relationship is the best thing two people can do.
(913) 361-6836 View (913) 361-6836
Photo of Angela D McClain, Licensed Professional Counselor in Manhattan, KS
Angela D McClain
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LCAC, LIMHP, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
Adept in individual, couples, family therapy.
Welcome. So glad you stopped by :) Feeling challenged, depressive, anxious, or unsupported? If so, I'd feel privileged to walk alongside you in your journey of self-discovery & healing. I'm extremely passionate about working w/ my clients & believe my passion shines through, creating an effective, empathetic therapeutic relationship. I am highly skilled in anxiety, mood, personality, anxiety, addiction disorders, PTSD, and relationship challenges. Too often, we don't place our well-being as a priority, but we SHOULD, because it WILL make a difference in your life. My focus is ALWAYS on YOU b/c YOU are who matters the most!!! :)
Adept in individual, couples, family therapy.
Welcome. So glad you stopped by :) Feeling challenged, depressive, anxious, or unsupported? If so, I'd feel privileged to walk alongside you in your journey of self-discovery & healing. I'm extremely passionate about working w/ my clients & believe my passion shines through, creating an effective, empathetic therapeutic relationship. I am highly skilled in anxiety, mood, personality, anxiety, addiction disorders, PTSD, and relationship challenges. Too often, we don't place our well-being as a priority, but we SHOULD, because it WILL make a difference in your life. My focus is ALWAYS on YOU b/c YOU are who matters the most!!! :)
(785) 337-4586 View (785) 337-4586
Photo of Jenny Lynn Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Manhattan, KS
Jenny Lynn Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, TLMFT
Verified Verified
Lindsborg, KS 67456
Making the choice to come to therapy is a courageous step in the journey of emotional and mental well-being. Finding the right therapist to guide you on this journey is also an important and vulnerable step. I will listen to your needs and wants and, using Marriage and Family driven theory, will create a tailored plan to help you achieve your goals.
Making the choice to come to therapy is a courageous step in the journey of emotional and mental well-being. Finding the right therapist to guide you on this journey is also an important and vulnerable step. I will listen to your needs and wants and, using Marriage and Family driven theory, will create a tailored plan to help you achieve your goals.
(785) 975-8020 View (785) 975-8020
Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.