Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Jamie Marina Flores, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jamie Marina Flores
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827  (Online Only)
My greatest passion and inspiration is walking alongside individuals during their journey of self-discovery and improvement. This passion for helping others set me on my path of obtaining a Master's in Social Work, with a concentration in Health and Aging, and subsequently becoming a Licensed Clinical Social Worker.
My greatest passion and inspiration is walking alongside individuals during their journey of self-discovery and improvement. This passion for helping others set me on my path of obtaining a Master's in Social Work, with a concentration in Health and Aging, and subsequently becoming a Licensed Clinical Social Worker.
(916) 634-1547 View (916) 634-1547
Photo of Felipe Amaya, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Felipe Amaya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
My name is Felipe Amaya. I was born and raised in New Jersey from a family that immigrated to the U.S. from Colombia, South America. I was educated in Boston, but have spent the majority of my adult life in California. I am bilingual English/Spanish. In 2001, I received my Master's Degree in Social Work from California State University, Long Beach with a specialization in working with Older Adults and Families.
My name is Felipe Amaya. I was born and raised in New Jersey from a family that immigrated to the U.S. from Colombia, South America. I was educated in Boston, but have spent the majority of my adult life in California. I am bilingual English/Spanish. In 2001, I received my Master's Degree in Social Work from California State University, Long Beach with a specialization in working with Older Adults and Families.
(530) 444-6953 View (530) 444-6953
Photo of Chelsea Crowe, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Chelsea Crowe
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Have you ever found yourself plagued with racing thoughts that leave you feeling restless and awake at night? Maybe you’ve experienced a heaviness that makes taking a step from bed feel impossible? Perhaps you’re struggling to live in the present due to feeling stuck replaying past pain? You continue putting one foot in the front of the other to keep up with the everyday demands of life meanwhile feeling burned out, defeated, and disconnected. You feel ready to pursue change and live in a way that feels more fulfilling and authentic but aren’t sure where to start.
Have you ever found yourself plagued with racing thoughts that leave you feeling restless and awake at night? Maybe you’ve experienced a heaviness that makes taking a step from bed feel impossible? Perhaps you’re struggling to live in the present due to feeling stuck replaying past pain? You continue putting one foot in the front of the other to keep up with the everyday demands of life meanwhile feeling burned out, defeated, and disconnected. You feel ready to pursue change and live in a way that feels more fulfilling and authentic but aren’t sure where to start.
(530) 424-2746 View (530) 424-2746
Photo of Genora Villalobos, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Genora Villalobos
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
In these unprecedented times, navigating life's complexities can feel overwhelming. As your companion on this therapeutic journey, I offer a sanctuary of understanding and compassion. Together, we'll unravel the layers of uncertainty, finding strength and resilience amidst the challenges. Let's create a narrative of hope, healing, and growth tailored to the unique chapters of your life during these extraordinary times.
In these unprecedented times, navigating life's complexities can feel overwhelming. As your companion on this therapeutic journey, I offer a sanctuary of understanding and compassion. Together, we'll unravel the layers of uncertainty, finding strength and resilience amidst the challenges. Let's create a narrative of hope, healing, and growth tailored to the unique chapters of your life during these extraordinary times.
(916) 866-8620 View (916) 866-8620
Photo of Jacquelyn L Rivers, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Jacquelyn L Rivers
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Jacquelyn is recognized as being one of the leading holistic spirit-mind-body psychotherapists. For over the past 15 years she has worked with a variety of communities such as: Children and families, marriage & couples, foster youth, and adults within various clinics and hospitals. She has assisted individuals with eating disorders, body dysmorphia, identity conflict, relational issues, anxiety, bipolar, depression, as well as trauma and grief. Jacquelyn is the author of Beautiful Greatness: The Psychology of The Unlimited Life. Her belief is when you “heal the individual you heal the world one heart and mind at a time".
Jacquelyn is recognized as being one of the leading holistic spirit-mind-body psychotherapists. For over the past 15 years she has worked with a variety of communities such as: Children and families, marriage & couples, foster youth, and adults within various clinics and hospitals. She has assisted individuals with eating disorders, body dysmorphia, identity conflict, relational issues, anxiety, bipolar, depression, as well as trauma and grief. Jacquelyn is the author of Beautiful Greatness: The Psychology of The Unlimited Life. Her belief is when you “heal the individual you heal the world one heart and mind at a time".
(916) 884-6947 View (916) 884-6947
Photo of Life Calibrations Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Life Calibrations Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95864  (Online Only)
Shutting the world out for a while sounds like a relief. It also sounds lonely and stressful to do it for as long as it would take to fill your bucket. If you gave into that feeling you wouldn’t get anything done which then would make it all worse. So you hold it together, press on, and tell yourself it isn’t that bad and you are ok. Deep down you know you need some kind of help with all of the negative thoughts, imposter syndrome, and up and down emotions. What’s missing is the enthusiasm, connection, and true joy. Today something has shifted and it feels like now is time to stop going through the motions and start living fully.
Shutting the world out for a while sounds like a relief. It also sounds lonely and stressful to do it for as long as it would take to fill your bucket. If you gave into that feeling you wouldn’t get anything done which then would make it all worse. So you hold it together, press on, and tell yourself it isn’t that bad and you are ok. Deep down you know you need some kind of help with all of the negative thoughts, imposter syndrome, and up and down emotions. What’s missing is the enthusiasm, connection, and true joy. Today something has shifted and it feels like now is time to stop going through the motions and start living fully.
(916) 579-7337 View (916) 579-7337
Photo of Robert M Feferman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Robert M Feferman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
Our life’s experiences inform who we are, what we believe and how we act. From our early years through today the filter we see life through informs our well being. By fine tuning your lens you see the truth of who you really are. By identifying and removing your barriers you become one with your essence
Our life’s experiences inform who we are, what we believe and how we act. From our early years through today the filter we see life through informs our well being. By fine tuning your lens you see the truth of who you really are. By identifying and removing your barriers you become one with your essence
(530) 627-2503 View (530) 627-2503
Photo of Karriem Fielding, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Karriem Fielding
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95835  (Online Only)
I’m a true believer that we all are faced with trials and tribulations throughout our lives that test and challenge our mental well-being. No matter your ethnicity, age, sexuality, or social status your mental health is a continuous work in progress. My goal in treatment is to work collaboratively with you to create an environment that helps you to gain insight, strength, balance, and overall growth. I have 5 years of experience working with individuals and families who have dealt with trauma within their lives.
I’m a true believer that we all are faced with trials and tribulations throughout our lives that test and challenge our mental well-being. No matter your ethnicity, age, sexuality, or social status your mental health is a continuous work in progress. My goal in treatment is to work collaboratively with you to create an environment that helps you to gain insight, strength, balance, and overall growth. I have 5 years of experience working with individuals and families who have dealt with trauma within their lives.
(916) 999-5564 View (916) 999-5564
Photo of Aaron Horne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Aaron Horne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95815
I strongly believe clients are the experts in their own experience and that their thoughts, feelings, and beliefs should be valued as such. In working together we will aim to find a deeper awareness and understanding of your personal value system, and explore how living in alignment with those values can create motivation to take appropriate action that promotes optimal mental-emotional health. We can explore how your current strengths (talents, relationships, resources, and community connections) can be used to support your goals for improved living and functioning.
I strongly believe clients are the experts in their own experience and that their thoughts, feelings, and beliefs should be valued as such. In working together we will aim to find a deeper awareness and understanding of your personal value system, and explore how living in alignment with those values can create motivation to take appropriate action that promotes optimal mental-emotional health. We can explore how your current strengths (talents, relationships, resources, and community connections) can be used to support your goals for improved living and functioning.
(916) 354-6531 View (916) 354-6531
Photo of Andrea Tong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Andrea Tong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95842
I have more than 10 years of experience working in multiple clinical settings with transitional-age youth, adults, and geriatric clients. The California Board of Behavioral Sciences licenses me as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I strive to create a safe space for you to share your story and be heard and validated in a non-judgmental atmosphere. In working together, it is my hope that we will identify stressors and areas you're struggling with and come up with a plan that ultimately allows you the ability to live a meaningful and productive life—a life filled with insight, personal growth, and a renewed sense of purpose.
I have more than 10 years of experience working in multiple clinical settings with transitional-age youth, adults, and geriatric clients. The California Board of Behavioral Sciences licenses me as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I strive to create a safe space for you to share your story and be heard and validated in a non-judgmental atmosphere. In working together, it is my hope that we will identify stressors and areas you're struggling with and come up with a plan that ultimately allows you the ability to live a meaningful and productive life—a life filled with insight, personal growth, and a renewed sense of purpose.
(916) 915-9603 View (916) 915-9603
Photo of Mankowski Mental Health Clinic, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Mankowski Mental Health Clinic
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Rebecca Mankowski, LMFT, is the owner of MMHC, a Clinical Supervisor and certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). As a former Graduate level instructor at CSUS, she teaches and effectively practices crisis and trauma counseling, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of most DSM V disorders. She has extensive experience working with clients from various socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. With experience in the Peace Corps, she is comfortable working globally having lived and traveled on three continents and 17 countries.
Rebecca Mankowski, LMFT, is the owner of MMHC, a Clinical Supervisor and certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). As a former Graduate level instructor at CSUS, she teaches and effectively practices crisis and trauma counseling, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of most DSM V disorders. She has extensive experience working with clients from various socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. With experience in the Peace Corps, she is comfortable working globally having lived and traveled on three continents and 17 countries.
(916) 675-3807 View (916) 675-3807
Photo of Robin Kurland, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Robin Kurland
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Hello and congratulations on taking the first step toward taking care of yourself and bettering your life. I have 17 years experience in working with couples, families, individuals and groups. I specialize in trauma and addictions,relationship issues, and psychedelic integration. Using a holistic approach, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore obstacles.You will find solutions, coping skills, and peace of mind using an individualized treatment plan that we create together. I am your guide and in this collaboration you can find a way to live congruently with your authentic self and truth.
Hello and congratulations on taking the first step toward taking care of yourself and bettering your life. I have 17 years experience in working with couples, families, individuals and groups. I specialize in trauma and addictions,relationship issues, and psychedelic integration. Using a holistic approach, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore obstacles.You will find solutions, coping skills, and peace of mind using an individualized treatment plan that we create together. I am your guide and in this collaboration you can find a way to live congruently with your authentic self and truth.
(650) 465-1644 View (650) 465-1644
Photo of Britnie Martin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Britnie Martin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
Let’s be real, looking for a therapist can be overwhelming. Lots of scrolling through profiles, reading countless bios, and not knowing where to start. And yet you still pursue it. To me, that shows an incredible amount of strength, resiliency, motivation, and a readiness for change. In my practice, I come from a collaborative, empathetic, humorous, and supportive approach, as I aim to listen and adapt to each individual’s or couple’s therapeutic goals.
Let’s be real, looking for a therapist can be overwhelming. Lots of scrolling through profiles, reading countless bios, and not knowing where to start. And yet you still pursue it. To me, that shows an incredible amount of strength, resiliency, motivation, and a readiness for change. In my practice, I come from a collaborative, empathetic, humorous, and supportive approach, as I aim to listen and adapt to each individual’s or couple’s therapeutic goals.
(209) 268-3404 View (209) 268-3404
Photo of Milagros Villarreal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Milagros Villarreal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
I have experience working with all age groups, however, my primary focus is working with adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, relational issues, family issues, emotional regulation, or going through a life transition. My therapy style is collaborative and holistic. I believe clients are the experts in their lives and what they need is guidance, collaboration, and a tailored treatment.
I have experience working with all age groups, however, my primary focus is working with adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, relational issues, family issues, emotional regulation, or going through a life transition. My therapy style is collaborative and holistic. I believe clients are the experts in their lives and what they need is guidance, collaboration, and a tailored treatment.
(949) 676-8431 View (949) 676-8431
Photo of Susan Kathryn Mendez, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Susan Kathryn Mendez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819  (Online Only)
Engaging in therapy offers a safe and supportive environment leading to a journey of healing, self-discovery, and education regarding past and current life challenges. Complex emotions can leave you feeling isolated and overwhelmed. As you engage in therapy, these feelings of isolation and stress are likely to decrease as you realize you are not alone and there are active steps to feeling better. My therapeutic process provides genuine support, helpful coping skills, and an action plan.
Engaging in therapy offers a safe and supportive environment leading to a journey of healing, self-discovery, and education regarding past and current life challenges. Complex emotions can leave you feeling isolated and overwhelmed. As you engage in therapy, these feelings of isolation and stress are likely to decrease as you realize you are not alone and there are active steps to feeling better. My therapeutic process provides genuine support, helpful coping skills, and an action plan.
(916) 761-7768 View (916) 761-7768
Photo of Megan McColley, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Megan McColley
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist experienced in working with adolescences, teens, children, adults, and families. My experience encompasses work within Placer and Sacramento County, multiple schools, and non profits. My mission is to empower, strengthen, and provide clients with hope through difficult seasons in their lives.
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist experienced in working with adolescences, teens, children, adults, and families. My experience encompasses work within Placer and Sacramento County, multiple schools, and non profits. My mission is to empower, strengthen, and provide clients with hope through difficult seasons in their lives.
(916) 378-1873 View (916) 378-1873
Photo of Stephanie Barkett in Sacramento, CA
Stephanie Barkett
MS, PPS
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
People seeking help are often looking for real-world guidance and solutions. For 23 years I have worked with couples, families and individuals to do just that. As a coach I will help with identifying goals, building confidence, and increasing your overall happiness by being your best self. You will find a trusting, knowledgeable environment that allows you to freely explore, identify your needs, and create a path to success. My past experience includes marriage and family therapy, school counseling with all ages, domestic violence counseling and currently divorce and custody mediation and life and relationship coaching.
People seeking help are often looking for real-world guidance and solutions. For 23 years I have worked with couples, families and individuals to do just that. As a coach I will help with identifying goals, building confidence, and increasing your overall happiness by being your best self. You will find a trusting, knowledgeable environment that allows you to freely explore, identify your needs, and create a path to success. My past experience includes marriage and family therapy, school counseling with all ages, domestic violence counseling and currently divorce and custody mediation and life and relationship coaching.
(615) 285-5338 View (615) 285-5338
Photo of Rosa Marie Dixon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rosa Marie Dixon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95838
Sometimes its challenging to interact with others, enjoy gatherings, or accept compliments without feeling anxious, suspicious, or attacked. Do you leave events finding that you have some resentment due to something that occurred? These experiences can affect the way you function daily, causing feelings of dissatisfaction with life and others. When you lack satisfaction in your life it can impact your relationships at home and with friends; and can interfere with your job or other responsibilities. I would like to help you with understanding, addressing, and repairing damage to relationships and help you to enjoy your life.
Sometimes its challenging to interact with others, enjoy gatherings, or accept compliments without feeling anxious, suspicious, or attacked. Do you leave events finding that you have some resentment due to something that occurred? These experiences can affect the way you function daily, causing feelings of dissatisfaction with life and others. When you lack satisfaction in your life it can impact your relationships at home and with friends; and can interfere with your job or other responsibilities. I would like to help you with understanding, addressing, and repairing damage to relationships and help you to enjoy your life.
(415) 909-3252 View (415) 909-3252
Photo of Danen Adelson, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Danen Adelson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Through a respectful process of listening and questions, I work with you to help clarify your goals and values. I will help you find new perspectives and restore a healthy narrative that does not include feelings of blame or shame. We will work together to develop better skills at managing difficult emotions, such as sadness, disappointment, pain, and anger. We will learn to nurture feelings that are healthy and not those that can get us stuck. I hope to work with you to discover a sense of self-compassion and flexibility.
Through a respectful process of listening and questions, I work with you to help clarify your goals and values. I will help you find new perspectives and restore a healthy narrative that does not include feelings of blame or shame. We will work together to develop better skills at managing difficult emotions, such as sadness, disappointment, pain, and anger. We will learn to nurture feelings that are healthy and not those that can get us stuck. I hope to work with you to discover a sense of self-compassion and flexibility.
(530) 576-5417 View (530) 576-5417
Photo of Nicole Carter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Nicole Carter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95822  (Online Only)
Do you having feelings that have been held inside you and are stopping you from achieving your goals? Do you want to change the way you feel but have difficulty talking or identifying what may be contributing to feelings of worry, doubt, anger, fear, disappointment and sadness. Research has proven that stress, worry and fear adversely effect our emotional, mental and physical health. Prolonged stress can lead to depression and anxiety which can negatively impact our creativity, relationships and enjoyment of life. Covid-19, Injustice and exposure to Violence are additional layers of stress impacting our wellness. Help is here.
Do you having feelings that have been held inside you and are stopping you from achieving your goals? Do you want to change the way you feel but have difficulty talking or identifying what may be contributing to feelings of worry, doubt, anger, fear, disappointment and sadness. Research has proven that stress, worry and fear adversely effect our emotional, mental and physical health. Prolonged stress can lead to depression and anxiety which can negatively impact our creativity, relationships and enjoyment of life. Covid-19, Injustice and exposure to Violence are additional layers of stress impacting our wellness. Help is here.
(510) 780-3847 View (510) 780-3847

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.