Therapists in Cleveland, TN

Photo of Carpe Diem Self Improvement Center, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Carpe Diem Self Improvement Center, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312
I understand that life doesn't always go as we planned. But unwanted changes don't define us. I see adaptation as one of our greatest abilities. I believe that we are all are entitled to unconditional positive regard and to be met where we are at in the quest to live our best life. I use a Client-centered approach to ensure we progress at a pace that is comfortable for you and helps you bring about your own positive changes.
I understand that life doesn't always go as we planned. But unwanted changes don't define us. I see adaptation as one of our greatest abilities. I believe that we are all are entitled to unconditional positive regard and to be met where we are at in the quest to live our best life. I use a Client-centered approach to ensure we progress at a pace that is comfortable for you and helps you bring about your own positive changes.
(423) 641-8519 View (423) 641-8519
Photo of Amanda Hicks, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Cleveland, TN
Amanda Hicks
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Do you feel disconnected from your friends, family, or yourself? Have you noticed yourself constantly worrying about what is coming next? These thoughts and feelings can feel rather isolating. I want to provide a safe and comfortable space to process these experiences. Life is full of challenges. I want to offer support during those times. My passion is working with adolescents, young adults, and families. My goal in therapy is to make my clients feel heard and seen - your feelings are valid. You are valuable and I want to hear your story!
Do you feel disconnected from your friends, family, or yourself? Have you noticed yourself constantly worrying about what is coming next? These thoughts and feelings can feel rather isolating. I want to provide a safe and comfortable space to process these experiences. Life is full of challenges. I want to offer support during those times. My passion is working with adolescents, young adults, and families. My goal in therapy is to make my clients feel heard and seen - your feelings are valid. You are valuable and I want to hear your story!
(423) 560-6610 View (423) 560-6610
Photo of Daneille Gray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Daneille Gray
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312  (Online Only)
Giving attention to yourself can be a daunting task when your plate is full. This is compounded when thriving professionally and/or academically, but feeling challenged relationally, emotionally, or dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event. My goal is to empower each client to cultivate healthier relationships, enhance emotional well-being, and thrive in all aspects of their lives. In our time together, I collaborate with clients in a peaceful, authentic, and nonjudgmental manner as we seek to journey through these numerous concerns.
Giving attention to yourself can be a daunting task when your plate is full. This is compounded when thriving professionally and/or academically, but feeling challenged relationally, emotionally, or dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event. My goal is to empower each client to cultivate healthier relationships, enhance emotional well-being, and thrive in all aspects of their lives. In our time together, I collaborate with clients in a peaceful, authentic, and nonjudgmental manner as we seek to journey through these numerous concerns.
(423) 380-1403 View (423) 380-1403
Photo of Julie A Hook, Licensed Master Social Worker in Cleveland, TN
Julie A Hook
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Not accepting new clients
Everyone has a story that is part of their journey in life. I work with people to recognize their potential and overcome life's issues by meeting them where they're at, and helping individuals realize that our past does not define us. I specialize in working with people that have struggled with addiction, trauma, self esteem, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. I know that therapy is different for everyone so I like to use different approaches that are unique to client such as CBT, Motivational interviewing, Solution focused approach, and many more.
Everyone has a story that is part of their journey in life. I work with people to recognize their potential and overcome life's issues by meeting them where they're at, and helping individuals realize that our past does not define us. I specialize in working with people that have struggled with addiction, trauma, self esteem, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. I know that therapy is different for everyone so I like to use different approaches that are unique to client such as CBT, Motivational interviewing, Solution focused approach, and many more.
(423) 537-6430 View (423) 537-6430
Photo of Maddy Morris, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Maddy Morris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MMFT
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311
Children, adolescents, and young adults who need someone to meet them where they’re at. I enjoy working with a variety of issues, including: anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, family conflict, and blended family acclimation.
Children, adolescents, and young adults who need someone to meet them where they’re at. I enjoy working with a variety of issues, including: anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, family conflict, and blended family acclimation.
(423) 375-8574 View (423) 375-8574
Photo of Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC in Cleveland, TN
Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC
MEd, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312
Waitlist for new clients
I started Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC to service school-age children in the East TN area. I love working with children through pre-teen ages and have also worked with a few higher-functioning teenagers. My typical day involves working with families that face challenges with behavior and working directly with children to decrease these behaviors while building skill deficits. I enjoy including family in my sessions and want to empower caregivers and family members so that they are equipped to handle behavioral challenges.
I started Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC to service school-age children in the East TN area. I love working with children through pre-teen ages and have also worked with a few higher-functioning teenagers. My typical day involves working with families that face challenges with behavior and working directly with children to decrease these behaviors while building skill deficits. I enjoy including family in my sessions and want to empower caregivers and family members so that they are equipped to handle behavioral challenges.
(423) 438-1372 View (423) 438-1372
Photo of Crystal Fawley, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Cleveland, TN
Crystal Fawley
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Choosing to pursue therapy is courageous. Life throws curve balls, often forcing us to face challenges which seem impossible to navigate. Obstacles such as trauma, infidelity, life transitions (birth, divorce, facing an empty nest, etc.), anxiety, or depression, can feel daunting. I am privileged to hear your story and I am honored to sit with you as we sort through your specific situation and move toward healing.
Choosing to pursue therapy is courageous. Life throws curve balls, often forcing us to face challenges which seem impossible to navigate. Obstacles such as trauma, infidelity, life transitions (birth, divorce, facing an empty nest, etc.), anxiety, or depression, can feel daunting. I am privileged to hear your story and I am honored to sit with you as we sort through your specific situation and move toward healing.
(423) 401-6750 View (423) 401-6750
Photo of Kristi Byrd, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Kristi Byrd
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked with children in different capacities throughout my life and have been in the mental health field for over 10 years providing therapy for children, individuals and families. I have worked with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, autism, relationship issues, trauma, self harm and much more. I believe that YOU are the expert in your life, however I know that at times it is helpful to be able to talk to someone else. I strive to empower, encourage and support each person that I work with. I enjoy meeting new people and working to help others create the life they truly desire to live.
I have worked with children in different capacities throughout my life and have been in the mental health field for over 10 years providing therapy for children, individuals and families. I have worked with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, autism, relationship issues, trauma, self harm and much more. I believe that YOU are the expert in your life, however I know that at times it is helpful to be able to talk to someone else. I strive to empower, encourage and support each person that I work with. I enjoy meeting new people and working to help others create the life they truly desire to live.
(423) 436-9727 View (423) 436-9727
Photo of Kirstee Williams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Kirstee Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, AAMFT
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311
Waitlist for new clients
Hope, healing and a future are possible. As a couples relationship expert, I specialize in the complex issues of sexual wellness and trauma resolution. I treat a wide range of sexual health concerns from performance anxiety, to infertility, painful sex and affair recovery. I also specialize in complex trauma resolution utilizing EMDR. In particular weight management issues that stem from childhood sexual abuse. Each situation is unique and together we will create a treatment plan that works for you.
Hope, healing and a future are possible. As a couples relationship expert, I specialize in the complex issues of sexual wellness and trauma resolution. I treat a wide range of sexual health concerns from performance anxiety, to infertility, painful sex and affair recovery. I also specialize in complex trauma resolution utilizing EMDR. In particular weight management issues that stem from childhood sexual abuse. Each situation is unique and together we will create a treatment plan that works for you.
(423) 393-2591 View (423) 393-2591
Photo of Chloe Madewell, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Cleveland, TN
Chloe Madewell
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I, AAMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Hey there! I’m a therapist who works primarily with adults and teens who are dealing with anxiety and stress, and often other psychological and emotional challenges. Many individuals who are seeking therapy have started to feel overwhelmed and disconnected, and want to regain (or find for the first time) a sense of freedom and comfort in their own mind and body. I love helping clients learn to manage anxiety so that it is no longer distressing and interfering with daily life. I am also passionate about working with clients to navigate relationship concerns and family issues, when appropriate and desired.
Hey there! I’m a therapist who works primarily with adults and teens who are dealing with anxiety and stress, and often other psychological and emotional challenges. Many individuals who are seeking therapy have started to feel overwhelmed and disconnected, and want to regain (or find for the first time) a sense of freedom and comfort in their own mind and body. I love helping clients learn to manage anxiety so that it is no longer distressing and interfering with daily life. I am also passionate about working with clients to navigate relationship concerns and family issues, when appropriate and desired.
(423) 250-3312 View (423) 250-3312
Photo of Fred J. Smith Jr. in Cleveland, TN
Fred J. Smith Jr.
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
I love working with people and especially enjoy offering help to the grieving, hurting, confused and overwhelmed. I am a certified facilitator of the Marriage and Pre-Marital program "Prepare/Enrich" and have worked with countless couples to restore, enhance and enrich their marriage relationships. I have worked with hundreds of college students, teens, adolescent's and their parents since April of 1987. I offer a faith-based approach in counseling but likewise respect the wishes of clients that prefer a non-faith, CBT method at my personal office, and work in a clinical setting under supervision at HMS.
I love working with people and especially enjoy offering help to the grieving, hurting, confused and overwhelmed. I am a certified facilitator of the Marriage and Pre-Marital program "Prepare/Enrich" and have worked with countless couples to restore, enhance and enrich their marriage relationships. I have worked with hundreds of college students, teens, adolescent's and their parents since April of 1987. I offer a faith-based approach in counseling but likewise respect the wishes of clients that prefer a non-faith, CBT method at my personal office, and work in a clinical setting under supervision at HMS.
(423) 455-0979 View (423) 455-0979
Photo of Ivorie Mayes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Ivorie Mayes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
As a therapist with nine years of experience working with families and children; I currently am a Therapist at Divergent Roads Counseling. My mission is to lead you toward peace, ensuring you feel heard and understood. With a focus on children, I've spent the past five years addressing concerns such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Let's equip you with the skills to confidently navigate life's challenges. Taking this significant step towards therapy is crucial, and I'm here to support you. I accept self-pay clients, and for insurance inquiries, please call to check eligibility. Excited to assist you on your journey.
As a therapist with nine years of experience working with families and children; I currently am a Therapist at Divergent Roads Counseling. My mission is to lead you toward peace, ensuring you feel heard and understood. With a focus on children, I've spent the past five years addressing concerns such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Let's equip you with the skills to confidently navigate life's challenges. Taking this significant step towards therapy is crucial, and I'm here to support you. I accept self-pay clients, and for insurance inquiries, please call to check eligibility. Excited to assist you on your journey.
(423) 460-8966 View (423) 460-8966
Photo of Alexys Morris, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Alexys Morris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFTI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
I consider it a privilege to walk alongside others on their journey toward self-discovery and healing. Whether you've carried these wounds for as long as you can remember, or are grappling with recent life difficulties, I'm here to support you. Creating a safe and inclusive space is of utmost importance to me, and I am a devoted ally to the LGBTQ+ community. My passion lies in helping others navigate through various challenges, including grief, stress, anxiety, religious trauma and deconstruction, divorce, relationship difficulties, attachment wounds, and gender and sexuality issues. I have immediate availability!
I consider it a privilege to walk alongside others on their journey toward self-discovery and healing. Whether you've carried these wounds for as long as you can remember, or are grappling with recent life difficulties, I'm here to support you. Creating a safe and inclusive space is of utmost importance to me, and I am a devoted ally to the LGBTQ+ community. My passion lies in helping others navigate through various challenges, including grief, stress, anxiety, religious trauma and deconstruction, divorce, relationship difficulties, attachment wounds, and gender and sexuality issues. I have immediate availability!
(423) 414-4924 View (423) 414-4924
Photo of Alicia Boggess, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Cleveland, TN
Alicia Boggess
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
As your therapist, my goal will be to build a trusting relationship that allows you to feel safe, heard, seen, and valued so that you have the confidence to take steps towards your individual and relational growth. We will work together to identify the barriers that have left you feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and others, and seek to create avenues for healthy and fulfilling relationships.
As your therapist, my goal will be to build a trusting relationship that allows you to feel safe, heard, seen, and valued so that you have the confidence to take steps towards your individual and relational growth. We will work together to identify the barriers that have left you feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and others, and seek to create avenues for healthy and fulfilling relationships.
(423) 454-3722 View (423) 454-3722
Photo of Christine Lawson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Christine Lawson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MACMHC, MDiv, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311  (Online Only)
Depression and anxiety can really affect every area of your life. Reaching out to seek help is sometimes hard, but it is an important step in self-care and healing. My name is Christine Lawson, and in addition to anxiety and depression, I have worked with those who are in crisis due to self-harming behaviors as well as thoughts of suicide. With 15+ years of experience as a special education teacher before refocusing on counseling in 2019, I have also worked extensively with autism, ADHD, learning disabilities and behavior disorders. If you need a safe space to work on those things that are blocking your joy, I'm here for you.
Depression and anxiety can really affect every area of your life. Reaching out to seek help is sometimes hard, but it is an important step in self-care and healing. My name is Christine Lawson, and in addition to anxiety and depression, I have worked with those who are in crisis due to self-harming behaviors as well as thoughts of suicide. With 15+ years of experience as a special education teacher before refocusing on counseling in 2019, I have also worked extensively with autism, ADHD, learning disabilities and behavior disorders. If you need a safe space to work on those things that are blocking your joy, I'm here for you.
(423) 523-8805 View (423) 523-8805
Photo of Hanna Marino, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Hanna Marino
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT-I, AAMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am so glad you're here! I work with LGBTQ+, Couples, Individuals & Families through a variety of life hardships. If you’re dealing with Trauma/PTSD, religious trauma, spirituality issues, communication, life transitions, conflict, sexual concerns, sexuality, anxiety, anger, teenage struggles, self-esteem/identity, or any other issues, you deserve a safe space to process through them. When you come to my office you will not simply get a trained professional, but a human who feels deeply with other humans. "Know all the theories, master all the techniques, but as you touch a human soul be another human soul". - Carl Jung.
Hello! I am so glad you're here! I work with LGBTQ+, Couples, Individuals & Families through a variety of life hardships. If you’re dealing with Trauma/PTSD, religious trauma, spirituality issues, communication, life transitions, conflict, sexual concerns, sexuality, anxiety, anger, teenage struggles, self-esteem/identity, or any other issues, you deserve a safe space to process through them. When you come to my office you will not simply get a trained professional, but a human who feels deeply with other humans. "Know all the theories, master all the techniques, but as you touch a human soul be another human soul". - Carl Jung.
(423) 919-9397 View (423) 919-9397
Photo of Nona Kelly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Nona Kelly
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312
Nona Kelly is a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist (LMFT) with over 20 years of experience in both the public and private sector. Nona enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families who are wanting a healthier life. She has extensive experience treating many issues and diagnoses, including depression and anxiety, women’s issues, family issues, addiction, and life transitions. Nona completed her master’s degree at Loma Linda University and is licensed both in California and Tennessee.
Nona Kelly is a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist (LMFT) with over 20 years of experience in both the public and private sector. Nona enjoys working with individuals, couples, and families who are wanting a healthier life. She has extensive experience treating many issues and diagnoses, including depression and anxiety, women’s issues, family issues, addiction, and life transitions. Nona completed her master’s degree at Loma Linda University and is licensed both in California and Tennessee.
(423) 380-1893 View (423) 380-1893
Photo of Maddie Storz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Maddie Storz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFTI, AAMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Pregnancy, parenthood and fertility challenges can be so stressful and overwhelming it can be difficult to know how to manage all the emotions and intensity of the stress. It can feel like you're drowning! I would love to be there with you in the healing process. My passion is working with individuals navigating the perinatal (pertaining to the period between conception and 3 years postpartum) and parenthood stages of life. I have advanced training in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, traumatic birth experiences, stillbirth, child loss, pregnancy loss, reproductive trauma, assisted fertility stress and fertility challenges.
Pregnancy, parenthood and fertility challenges can be so stressful and overwhelming it can be difficult to know how to manage all the emotions and intensity of the stress. It can feel like you're drowning! I would love to be there with you in the healing process. My passion is working with individuals navigating the perinatal (pertaining to the period between conception and 3 years postpartum) and parenthood stages of life. I have advanced training in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, traumatic birth experiences, stillbirth, child loss, pregnancy loss, reproductive trauma, assisted fertility stress and fertility challenges.
(423) 564-5685 View (423) 564-5685
Photo of Jessie Culpepper, Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Jessie Culpepper
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312  (Online Only)
I have a Masters in counseling and my goal in life is to help people heal and become whole.
I have a Masters in counseling and my goal in life is to help people heal and become whole.
(423) 561-3639 View (423) 561-3639
Photo of Lauren Finch, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Cleveland, TN
Lauren Finch
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I, AAMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Connection to ourselves and others gives us a sense of who we are. Feeling disconnected from ourselves can inhibit our intimacy with others. When we take relational risks, shame often lurks in the dark telling us to remain alone would be better - but I want to offer you and your relationships hope that it does not have to always be this way. If you are ready for the hard work, there is hope for you and your relationships.
Connection to ourselves and others gives us a sense of who we are. Feeling disconnected from ourselves can inhibit our intimacy with others. When we take relational risks, shame often lurks in the dark telling us to remain alone would be better - but I want to offer you and your relationships hope that it does not have to always be this way. If you are ready for the hard work, there is hope for you and your relationships.
(423) 454-3969 View (423) 454-3969

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cleveland, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Cleveland, TN who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
78% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Cigna and Evernorth
68% Aetna
57% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Cleveland, TN see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cleveland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.