Therapists in Dartmouth, MA

Photo of Costenah Ward, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dartmouth, MA
Costenah Ward
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
My ideal client is prepared to initiate changes in their life to promote wellness. They are prepared to process internal and external contributors to their mood, discuss options for improvement, and practice healthier skills that will assist in achieving their personal goals. My ideal client is internally motivated and desires emotional balance from concerns such as anxiety, depression, impaired self-esteem, trauma, and interpersonal conflict. They arrive to treatment with goals in mind, and will actively work to experience relief of distressing symptoms.
My ideal client is prepared to initiate changes in their life to promote wellness. They are prepared to process internal and external contributors to their mood, discuss options for improvement, and practice healthier skills that will assist in achieving their personal goals. My ideal client is internally motivated and desires emotional balance from concerns such as anxiety, depression, impaired self-esteem, trauma, and interpersonal conflict. They arrive to treatment with goals in mind, and will actively work to experience relief of distressing symptoms.
(508) 796-8656 View (508) 796-8656
Photo of Marina Raye, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Marina Raye
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747  (Online Only)
Holistic Psychotherapy addresses all aspects of our being-physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. My goal, in using this modality, is to help clients restore their sense of well-being and vitality. Therefore, in addition to talk therapy, I offer various meditation, relaxation and mind/body techniques, assisting clients in gently moving through depression, anxiety, stress, poor self-esteem and other issues, which prevent them from achieving their full potential. I create a personalized program for each client according to his/her needs and preferences. Currently offering telehealth only.
Holistic Psychotherapy addresses all aspects of our being-physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. My goal, in using this modality, is to help clients restore their sense of well-being and vitality. Therefore, in addition to talk therapy, I offer various meditation, relaxation and mind/body techniques, assisting clients in gently moving through depression, anxiety, stress, poor self-esteem and other issues, which prevent them from achieving their full potential. I create a personalized program for each client according to his/her needs and preferences. Currently offering telehealth only.
(508) 917-6102 View (508) 917-6102
Photo of Tanya Gouveia, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Dartmouth, MA
Tanya Gouveia
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC-I, LCDP-II, MPA, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dartmouth, MA 02747
Addiction is hard. Recovery is even harder. The message we are given about recovery is that "it gets better after you're sober". The truth is, life can feel more difficult when you're sober than it was when you were drinking or using drugs. As you begin your healing journey, you should be given real information, validation to what you're experiencing and someone to ask you "What do you need?" instead of "This is what you need to do."
Addiction is hard. Recovery is even harder. The message we are given about recovery is that "it gets better after you're sober". The truth is, life can feel more difficult when you're sober than it was when you were drinking or using drugs. As you begin your healing journey, you should be given real information, validation to what you're experiencing and someone to ask you "What do you need?" instead of "This is what you need to do."
(508) 257-7313 View (508) 257-7313
Photo of Ilene G Levine, Counselor in Dartmouth, MA
Ilene G Levine
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dartmouth, MA 02748  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am an experienced clinician who enjoys working with adolescents and adults with a variety of needs including anxiety, depression and trauma. My goal is to provide support to people experiencing personal and interpersonal conflicts.
I am an experienced clinician who enjoys working with adolescents and adults with a variety of needs including anxiety, depression and trauma. My goal is to provide support to people experiencing personal and interpersonal conflicts.
(508) 744-6153 View (508) 744-6153
Photo of Eric Flaman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Eric Flaman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
My ideal client is someone who is willing to work with me in order to achieve their goal. This includes being able to have back and forth conversation around ways to achieve that goal, as well as have the more difficult conversations when it comes to road blocks and the occasional self sabotaging behavior. I will always be honest in my assessments, and thoughts, and my hope would be that my client is as well.
My ideal client is someone who is willing to work with me in order to achieve their goal. This includes being able to have back and forth conversation around ways to achieve that goal, as well as have the more difficult conversations when it comes to road blocks and the occasional self sabotaging behavior. I will always be honest in my assessments, and thoughts, and my hope would be that my client is as well.
(508) 978-7597 View (508) 978-7597
Photo of Angela Schroeder, Mental Health Counselor in Dartmouth, MA
Angela Schroeder
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
One Daytime Opening Available Grieving? Depressed? Anxious? Feel like you’re walking through life in a haze or feel that your life just isn’t going the way you want it to go? Yuk! You don’t have to go through this tough time on your own. The difference between you and the thousands of others that will continue to struggle is that you are here making good choices for yourself and discovering how to get your needs met to feel better and lead a more joyful/aware life. Now, let me help you continue this journey to wellness.
One Daytime Opening Available Grieving? Depressed? Anxious? Feel like you’re walking through life in a haze or feel that your life just isn’t going the way you want it to go? Yuk! You don’t have to go through this tough time on your own. The difference between you and the thousands of others that will continue to struggle is that you are here making good choices for yourself and discovering how to get your needs met to feel better and lead a more joyful/aware life. Now, let me help you continue this journey to wellness.
(508) 388-1706 View (508) 388-1706
Photo of Nasya Smith, Counselor in Dartmouth, MA
Nasya Smith
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
My ideal client may have a difficult time identifying their emotions and feeling like they are not “allowed” to feel emotions. My ideal client may tend to intellectualize or overthink their experiences. This person may work hard to maintain a high standard that is often unrealistic. My ideal client may have a history of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and chronic illness. The client’s goal is to learn to understand how they feel and give themselves permission to feel the way they do. This client recognizes that they are feeling overwhelmed, resentful, anxious, frustrated, sad, angry and they are looking for a change.
My ideal client may have a difficult time identifying their emotions and feeling like they are not “allowed” to feel emotions. My ideal client may tend to intellectualize or overthink their experiences. This person may work hard to maintain a high standard that is often unrealistic. My ideal client may have a history of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and chronic illness. The client’s goal is to learn to understand how they feel and give themselves permission to feel the way they do. This client recognizes that they are feeling overwhelmed, resentful, anxious, frustrated, sad, angry and they are looking for a change.
(508) 403-7513 View (508) 403-7513
Photo of New England Diagnostic and Learning Center in Dartmouth, MA
New England Diagnostic and Learning Center
MEd, CAGS
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02748
Meeting the needs of students who learn differently. We provide person and online assessments. Independent Educational Evaluations (IEE) Psychological, Neuropsychological Talented and Gifted Assessment IQ Evaluations, Achievement Testing, Social/Emotional Functioning, Learning Disabilities Testing and Autism screening. We also provide educational consults and attend team meetings for the development of the IEP.
Meeting the needs of students who learn differently. We provide person and online assessments. Independent Educational Evaluations (IEE) Psychological, Neuropsychological Talented and Gifted Assessment IQ Evaluations, Achievement Testing, Social/Emotional Functioning, Learning Disabilities Testing and Autism screening. We also provide educational consults and attend team meetings for the development of the IEP.
(774) 307-7079 View (774) 307-7079
Photo of Kathy Faucher, LICSW, BCN, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Kathy Faucher, LICSW, BCN
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dartmouth, MA 02747
Immediate openings! !Everything can heal.....your mind, heart and body. I am a supportive and caring psychotherapist with over 19 years of experience. I use an integrative approach, combining my background in psychotherapy with neurofeedback to facilitate the healing process. I have used traditional methods alone for years to help clients heal, and am now Board Certified in Neurofeedback and able to integrate this approach as well. For many, the effects are life-changing. Neurofeedback therapy stabilizes the brain, creating a foundation that allows other psychotherapeutic techniques to be more effective.
Immediate openings! !Everything can heal.....your mind, heart and body. I am a supportive and caring psychotherapist with over 19 years of experience. I use an integrative approach, combining my background in psychotherapy with neurofeedback to facilitate the healing process. I have used traditional methods alone for years to help clients heal, and am now Board Certified in Neurofeedback and able to integrate this approach as well. For many, the effects are life-changing. Neurofeedback therapy stabilizes the brain, creating a foundation that allows other psychotherapeutic techniques to be more effective.
(774) 490-9421 View (774) 490-9421
Photo of Jessica Barnum, Counselor in Dartmouth, MA
Jessica Barnum
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
In the past, I have enjoyed working with individuals with a history of traumatic experiences, substance use, interpersonal difficulties, and psychosis. I enjoy working on goals with clients that involve cognitive restructuring and skills building. Additionally, I enjoy short-term solution-focused goals.
In the past, I have enjoyed working with individuals with a history of traumatic experiences, substance use, interpersonal difficulties, and psychosis. I enjoy working on goals with clients that involve cognitive restructuring and skills building. Additionally, I enjoy short-term solution-focused goals.
(508) 213-9675 View (508) 213-9675
Photo of Kerrin Morley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Kerrin Morley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747  (Online Only)
One of the greatest issues that people face in their lifetime is how to cope with death and loss due to divorce, chronic health issues, and any major life transitions. Your feelings of grief and loss can be more than you can bear. I offer a supportive and nurturing environment so you can understand those feelings, allow them to be expressed in a safe manner, and help you adapt to the realities of your changed life. I also have had the pleasure of working with couples. We can work together in a nonjudgmental environment to help you build deeper connections with yourself and your partner.
One of the greatest issues that people face in their lifetime is how to cope with death and loss due to divorce, chronic health issues, and any major life transitions. Your feelings of grief and loss can be more than you can bear. I offer a supportive and nurturing environment so you can understand those feelings, allow them to be expressed in a safe manner, and help you adapt to the realities of your changed life. I also have had the pleasure of working with couples. We can work together in a nonjudgmental environment to help you build deeper connections with yourself and your partner.
(508) 514-5265 View (508) 514-5265
Photo of Colleen A Campbell LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Colleen A Campbell LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
Not accepting new clients
You deserve relief from anxiety, depression, anger, grief, disappointment and stress. I want to help you free yourself from the things in your life that are preventing happiness, love, and a feeling of peace and belonging. Together, utilizing a myriad of therapeutic approaches and tools geared towards your individual needs, we can explore the source of your problem and find practical and effective ways to cope. You can expect a warm, judgement free environment where you can begin the first step toward a happier and more rewarding life.
You deserve relief from anxiety, depression, anger, grief, disappointment and stress. I want to help you free yourself from the things in your life that are preventing happiness, love, and a feeling of peace and belonging. Together, utilizing a myriad of therapeutic approaches and tools geared towards your individual needs, we can explore the source of your problem and find practical and effective ways to cope. You can expect a warm, judgement free environment where you can begin the first step toward a happier and more rewarding life.
(508) 709-2209 View (508) 709-2209
Photo of Kim Gilman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Kim Gilman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747  (Online Only)
For the past 30 years I have worked with adults, children and families who have faced a variety of issues, such as anxiety, depression, grief/loss, HIV/AIDS, sexual assault and issues with peer and personal relationships. I view therapy as a partnership and my approach in working with you is to help you identify your strengths, enhance/learn coping skills and challenge you to become the person you aspire to be.
For the past 30 years I have worked with adults, children and families who have faced a variety of issues, such as anxiety, depression, grief/loss, HIV/AIDS, sexual assault and issues with peer and personal relationships. I view therapy as a partnership and my approach in working with you is to help you identify your strengths, enhance/learn coping skills and challenge you to become the person you aspire to be.
(508) 439-6380 View (508) 439-6380
Photo of Dara D'Agostino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Dara D'Agostino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
My ideal client is someone who is willing to work with me and engage with me effectively. This includes open lines of communication and utilizing therapy times efficiently. I don't believe that progress can be rushed and have no interest in "fixing" anyone. However, I am always honest in my assessments, thoughts, and opinions with clients, and my hope is that my client will do the same. My ideal client is a client who is eager to talk and is open to feedback. My ideal client is also someone who is willing to work through set backs or challenges, together as a team.
My ideal client is someone who is willing to work with me and engage with me effectively. This includes open lines of communication and utilizing therapy times efficiently. I don't believe that progress can be rushed and have no interest in "fixing" anyone. However, I am always honest in my assessments, thoughts, and opinions with clients, and my hope is that my client will do the same. My ideal client is a client who is eager to talk and is open to feedback. My ideal client is also someone who is willing to work through set backs or challenges, together as a team.
(508) 978-7487 View (508) 978-7487
Photo of Rikki Provda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Rikki Provda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
I enjoy working with people who are struggling with substance use, whether they are just beginning to question their use and habits or they have experienced chronic relapse and feel hopeless. I believe part of that process is ensuring they are informed of options available and helping them discover their “why.” I have experience supporting people in identifying their strengths, finding coping skills, and creating measurable, attainable goals. I am skilled at navigating treatment systems/levels of care in Massachusetts. I have experience with medical detoxification protocols and can discuss options for medication-supported treatment.
I enjoy working with people who are struggling with substance use, whether they are just beginning to question their use and habits or they have experienced chronic relapse and feel hopeless. I believe part of that process is ensuring they are informed of options available and helping them discover their “why.” I have experience supporting people in identifying their strengths, finding coping skills, and creating measurable, attainable goals. I am skilled at navigating treatment systems/levels of care in Massachusetts. I have experience with medical detoxification protocols and can discuss options for medication-supported treatment.
(508) 501-6718 View (508) 501-6718
Photo of Laura Stirk, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Laura Stirk, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, ACSW, CTMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dartmouth, MA 02747
Not accepting new clients
In our work together, I will listen to your story in order to understand the lens through which you see the world. I will partner with you to explore your unique life experiences and how they've shaped your strengths, beliefs, values, repeating patterns, and the way you look at and think about your problems.  I will support you in learning new ways of looking at your problems in order to change your feelings and reactions. I will provide encouragement as you look to grow in many directions—as a person, in your close relationships, in your work or schooling, and in your ability to enjoy your life. 
In our work together, I will listen to your story in order to understand the lens through which you see the world. I will partner with you to explore your unique life experiences and how they've shaped your strengths, beliefs, values, repeating patterns, and the way you look at and think about your problems.  I will support you in learning new ways of looking at your problems in order to change your feelings and reactions. I will provide encouragement as you look to grow in many directions—as a person, in your close relationships, in your work or schooling, and in your ability to enjoy your life. 
(508) 257-7432 View (508) 257-7432
Photo of Skill Tree Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Skill Tree Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
Not accepting new clients
Full. Asking for help takes great strength and courage. Life and all its moving parts present unforeseen challenges and you do not have to face them alone. Whether you are grappling with anxiety and/or depression, struggling to make important decisions, or want to shed what no longer serves you, together we can make sense of it. It would be my honor to get to know the authentic you; alternative relationships, consensual/ethical non-monogamy, geeky hobbies, gaming, streaming, hiking, and other important aspects of your world.
Full. Asking for help takes great strength and courage. Life and all its moving parts present unforeseen challenges and you do not have to face them alone. Whether you are grappling with anxiety and/or depression, struggling to make important decisions, or want to shed what no longer serves you, together we can make sense of it. It would be my honor to get to know the authentic you; alternative relationships, consensual/ethical non-monogamy, geeky hobbies, gaming, streaming, hiking, and other important aspects of your world.
(508) 403-7638 View (508) 403-7638
Photo of Sara Katz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Sara Katz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
Not accepting new clients
Accepting new patients for mid-early afternoon appointments only. I treat patients ages 8-30 who are seeking weekly or every-other-week outpatient therapy. I treat a variety of mental health disorders including anxiety, depression, mood disorders, trauma, ADHD, OCD, and children on the autism spectrum who fall under the previous category of Asperger's Syndrome. In addition, I specialize in teaching parent strategies to shape desirable behavior in children, and work to improve communication and functioning within families. I believe that every person's environment and those close to them are part of their journey.
Accepting new patients for mid-early afternoon appointments only. I treat patients ages 8-30 who are seeking weekly or every-other-week outpatient therapy. I treat a variety of mental health disorders including anxiety, depression, mood disorders, trauma, ADHD, OCD, and children on the autism spectrum who fall under the previous category of Asperger's Syndrome. In addition, I specialize in teaching parent strategies to shape desirable behavior in children, and work to improve communication and functioning within families. I believe that every person's environment and those close to them are part of their journey.
(508) 456-8296 View (508) 456-8296
Photo of Jennie Kristel in Dartmouth, MA
Jennie Kristel
MA, REAT, RMT, APTT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dartmouth, MA 02748
Not accepting new clients
Counseling/Coaching via teletherapy is available. As a registered expressive arts therapist, facilitator and coach, I bring a unique blend of trauma-informed skills, in helping individuals re-frame, reauthor and re-story their life stories and create more fulfilling lives. Using expressive arts, EFT, Qi Gong, Reiki and energy work, narrative and transpersonal psychologies, I support you in developing the confidence that is needed to see in order to clearly move through the pain and grief of life experience becoming an agent of and for change. I also work at JourneyWorks Collaborative in New Bedford offering groups, & classes.
Counseling/Coaching via teletherapy is available. As a registered expressive arts therapist, facilitator and coach, I bring a unique blend of trauma-informed skills, in helping individuals re-frame, reauthor and re-story their life stories and create more fulfilling lives. Using expressive arts, EFT, Qi Gong, Reiki and energy work, narrative and transpersonal psychologies, I support you in developing the confidence that is needed to see in order to clearly move through the pain and grief of life experience becoming an agent of and for change. I also work at JourneyWorks Collaborative in New Bedford offering groups, & classes.
(508) 715-3462 View (508) 715-3462
Photo of Janelle Patrick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dartmouth, MA
Janelle Patrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dartmouth, MA 02747
I'm not sure I believe in an Ideal client; I think all clients are Ideal, no matter their life circumstances. Life is like a rollercoaster, and when you're going down, you may need someone to be there and help talk you through it. However, If I had to choose, it would be a client having difficulty with self-esteem, self-worth, and depressive symptoms and needing additional assistance building coping skills but expressing readiness to change.
I'm not sure I believe in an Ideal client; I think all clients are Ideal, no matter their life circumstances. Life is like a rollercoaster, and when you're going down, you may need someone to be there and help talk you through it. However, If I had to choose, it would be a client having difficulty with self-esteem, self-worth, and depressive symptoms and needing additional assistance building coping skills but expressing readiness to change.
(508) 715-8916 View (508) 715-8916

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Dartmouth, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Dartmouth, MA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
80% Coping Skills
79% Self Esteem
72% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

97% BlueCross and BlueShield
85% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
85% Optum

How Therapists in Dartmouth, MA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Dartmouth?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.