Photo of Brittany Suttle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Brittany Suttle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Hammond, LA 70403
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with years of expertise and passion in my field. I believe that healing take place from within and will work to facilitate that through a variety of approaches. At the Integrated Wellness Clinic, we feel that each person needs support and freedom to choose their own path. Healing from the suffering caused by addiction, mental health, trauma, eating disorders, obsessive sexual behavior, and other co-occurring conditions is not simply about managing life; it is about transforming it. At IWC, we support this trans formative work with approaches that strengthen and nurture mind, body and spirit.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with years of expertise and passion in my field. I believe that healing take place from within and will work to facilitate that through a variety of approaches. At the Integrated Wellness Clinic, we feel that each person needs support and freedom to choose their own path. Healing from the suffering caused by addiction, mental health, trauma, eating disorders, obsessive sexual behavior, and other co-occurring conditions is not simply about managing life; it is about transforming it. At IWC, we support this trans formative work with approaches that strengthen and nurture mind, body and spirit.
(225) 424-1476 View (225) 424-1476
Photo of Shavez Pinestraw, Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Shavez Pinestraw
Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Hammond, LA 70403
Are you having issues in your relationship? Have you experienced traumatic events that you can't seem to shake? Are you struggling with family conflicts? Have you been questioning or wanting to explore your sexuality? If you are experiencing any of those issues, know that I am here to help. On your journey to healing, keep in mind that the scars of the past are not always obstacles but reminders of how far you've come. We will smile, laugh, and there may even be some tears, but know that I am here on this journey with you.
Are you having issues in your relationship? Have you experienced traumatic events that you can't seem to shake? Are you struggling with family conflicts? Have you been questioning or wanting to explore your sexuality? If you are experiencing any of those issues, know that I am here to help. On your journey to healing, keep in mind that the scars of the past are not always obstacles but reminders of how far you've come. We will smile, laugh, and there may even be some tears, but know that I am here on this journey with you.
(985) 616-5133 View (985) 616-5133
Photo of Hilary Shaw, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Hilary Shaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RD, NCC
Verified Verified
Hammond, LA 70401
At times, everyone becomes stuck in patterns that can become unhealthy. It is an honor to bear witness to the lives of my clients, and I have experience working with adolscents and adults for over 20 years. I am both a licensed professional counselor and a registered dietitian specializing in disordered eating, anxiety, depression, self worth, relationships, life transitions, wellness, and body image. I am passionate about helping you live a life full of meaning and purpose. I provide a safe, supportive, trusting space to work towards positive and lasting change in your life.
At times, everyone becomes stuck in patterns that can become unhealthy. It is an honor to bear witness to the lives of my clients, and I have experience working with adolscents and adults for over 20 years. I am both a licensed professional counselor and a registered dietitian specializing in disordered eating, anxiety, depression, self worth, relationships, life transitions, wellness, and body image. I am passionate about helping you live a life full of meaning and purpose. I provide a safe, supportive, trusting space to work towards positive and lasting change in your life.
(225) 412-7399 View (225) 412-7399
Photo of Danielle Doolan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Danielle Doolan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Hammond, LA 70401
Let's face it - everyone needs a little help getting through this journey called life. If you have felt this way at one point or another, you are not alone. Counseling is the place where you can get real about yourself and what's going on in your life without judgment or bias. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe space for clients to fully explore and accept themselves. With a solid counselor-client relationship based on empathy, trust, and understanding, we can collaborate together to identify your strengths as well as explore concerns, challenges and areas for growth.
Let's face it - everyone needs a little help getting through this journey called life. If you have felt this way at one point or another, you are not alone. Counseling is the place where you can get real about yourself and what's going on in your life without judgment or bias. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe space for clients to fully explore and accept themselves. With a solid counselor-client relationship based on empathy, trust, and understanding, we can collaborate together to identify your strengths as well as explore concerns, challenges and areas for growth.
(225) 452-4397 View (225) 452-4397
Photo of Scott Moran, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Scott Moran
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CCTP, ASDCS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Hammond, LA 70403
Not accepting new clients
My primary clinical focus is working with clients suffering from trauma (PTSD/C-PTSD), anxiety, and OCD, among a host of other issues. One of the most rewarding parts of my job is helping my clients move toward a sense of safety, security, and regulation, whether it means moving through single event traumas or more hard to define traumas. I have a special affinity for helping budding and established mental health professionals, but enjoy helping people from all backgrounds and walks of life. My primary goal in therapy is to extend a sense of unconditional positive regard to my clients - a space for them to safety explore and heal.
My primary clinical focus is working with clients suffering from trauma (PTSD/C-PTSD), anxiety, and OCD, among a host of other issues. One of the most rewarding parts of my job is helping my clients move toward a sense of safety, security, and regulation, whether it means moving through single event traumas or more hard to define traumas. I have a special affinity for helping budding and established mental health professionals, but enjoy helping people from all backgrounds and walks of life. My primary goal in therapy is to extend a sense of unconditional positive regard to my clients - a space for them to safety explore and heal.
(985) 298-8583 View (985) 298-8583

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Reid Doster LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Dr. Reid Doster LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LMFT
Verified Verified
Robert, LA 70455
It takes courage to ask for help, especially from someone you don't know. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and clinical pastoral counselor, I work with individuals, couples and families to resolve common human problems. I believe you will benefit from the clinical competence, experience and maturity gained from more than thirty years in practice, and will quickly realize I sincerely care about you. When you reach out to me, I will do my best to respond promptly, without your waiting too long for an appointment. Don't be surprised if I personally answer the phone.
It takes courage to ask for help, especially from someone you don't know. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and clinical pastoral counselor, I work with individuals, couples and families to resolve common human problems. I believe you will benefit from the clinical competence, experience and maturity gained from more than thirty years in practice, and will quickly realize I sincerely care about you. When you reach out to me, I will do my best to respond promptly, without your waiting too long for an appointment. Don't be surprised if I personally answer the phone.
(985) 805-5295 View (985) 805-5295
Photo of Dr. Reid Doster, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Dr. Reid Doster
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ponchatoula, LA 70454  (Online Only)
It takes courage to ask for help, especially from someone you don't know. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and clinical pastoral counselor, I work with individuals, couples and families to resolve common human problems. I believe you will benefit from my clinical competence, experience and maturity gained from over forty years in practice, and will quickly realize I sincerely care about you. When you reach out to me, I will do my best to respond promptly, without your waiting too long for an appointment. Don't be surprised if I personally answer the phone.
It takes courage to ask for help, especially from someone you don't know. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and clinical pastoral counselor, I work with individuals, couples and families to resolve common human problems. I believe you will benefit from my clinical competence, experience and maturity gained from over forty years in practice, and will quickly realize I sincerely care about you. When you reach out to me, I will do my best to respond promptly, without your waiting too long for an appointment. Don't be surprised if I personally answer the phone.
(985) 520-0474 View (985) 520-0474

Online Therapists

Photo of Gabrielle Nata, Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Gabrielle Nata
Provisional Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Metairie, LA 70005
With this understanding, and your unique situation I may also integrate aspects or offer tools from EFT, SFBT, CBT, Experiential, and Play Therapy.
I specialize in couples and families navigating life transitions, pre-marital or pre-commitment preparation, parenting challenges, high conflict, intimacy and sexual dissatisfaction, and managing relationships with ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Throughout our lives we learn behaviors and patterns that offer a sense of safety, but later become ineffective and difficult to change. This often isn't realized until it impacts our relationships and feels like our world is unraveling. Together we can calm the chaos of the present to feel safe enough to change the patterns from the past impacting your life today.
With this understanding, and your unique situation I may also integrate aspects or offer tools from EFT, SFBT, CBT, Experiential, and Play Therapy.
I specialize in couples and families navigating life transitions, pre-marital or pre-commitment preparation, parenting challenges, high conflict, intimacy and sexual dissatisfaction, and managing relationships with ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Throughout our lives we learn behaviors and patterns that offer a sense of safety, but later become ineffective and difficult to change. This often isn't realized until it impacts our relationships and feels like our world is unraveling. Together we can calm the chaos of the present to feel safe enough to change the patterns from the past impacting your life today.
(504) 294-5346 View (504) 294-5346
Photo of Micah Lee Romero, Counselor in Hammond, LA
Micah Lee Romero
Counselor, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lafayette, LA 70508  (Online Only)
I believe that humans, at their core, want the same thing: to know that they are not alone and that their voices matter. As a transgender, queer therapist, I am passionate about working with clients who are struggling with feeling silenced, processing and healing attachment wounds, and navigating difficult life transitions. I am dedicated to helping my clients feel empowered in themselves and supporting them as they discover their most authentic selves.
I believe that humans, at their core, want the same thing: to know that they are not alone and that their voices matter. As a transgender, queer therapist, I am passionate about working with clients who are struggling with feeling silenced, processing and healing attachment wounds, and navigating difficult life transitions. I am dedicated to helping my clients feel empowered in themselves and supporting them as they discover their most authentic selves.
(337) 243-0362 View (337) 243-0362
Photo of Anjali Healing Arts, LLC in Hammond, LA
Anjali Healing Arts, LLC
MA, MHP, RYT-500
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70116
My decolonized psychotherapeutic approach draws from diverse techniques/philosophies, including: Ancestral & Indigenous; Hakomi; Humanistic; Gestalt; Mindfulness; Somatic; Jungian/Dreamwork, Attachment-Based; Existential; Experiential, Bioenergetics; CBT; DBT; Emotionally Focused; World Wisdom & Spiritual Traditions; Buddhist Psychology, and Yoga Psychology.
How you see yourself might be deeply influenced by the emotional distress, negative thought patterns, or destructive and addictive behaviors you struggle with. As a Holistic Health Practitioner, I believe these conditions cover up, rather than define, who you truly are. My unique approach to holistic health and wellness encourages a balanced integration of the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual aspects of your wellbeing. I'd like to support you in creating optimal conditions for the safe, mindful, and deep exploration of your innate capacity for self-healing and radical transformation.
My decolonized psychotherapeutic approach draws from diverse techniques/philosophies, including: Ancestral & Indigenous; Hakomi; Humanistic; Gestalt; Mindfulness; Somatic; Jungian/Dreamwork, Attachment-Based; Existential; Experiential, Bioenergetics; CBT; DBT; Emotionally Focused; World Wisdom & Spiritual Traditions; Buddhist Psychology, and Yoga Psychology.
How you see yourself might be deeply influenced by the emotional distress, negative thought patterns, or destructive and addictive behaviors you struggle with. As a Holistic Health Practitioner, I believe these conditions cover up, rather than define, who you truly are. My unique approach to holistic health and wellness encourages a balanced integration of the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual aspects of your wellbeing. I'd like to support you in creating optimal conditions for the safe, mindful, and deep exploration of your innate capacity for self-healing and radical transformation.
(504) 882-9581 View (504) 882-9581
Photo of Jennifer Keyte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hammond, LA
Jennifer Keyte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70118
I draw from ACT (Acceptance & Commitment Therapy), am advanced trained in EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy), and also trained in EMDR.
I have years of experience working with young adults, parents/families, and educators to navigate the unique challenges each of these experiences can bring. I support clients in navigating life transitions, identity development, values clarity, emotion regulation, and shame resilience. I also work with clients on attachment-related relationship dynamics and challenges that stem from early childhood or other attachment injuries. By connecting in a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental space, clients are able to explore their internal worlds and gain clarity as well as a renewed sense of empowerment in their lives.
I draw from ACT (Acceptance & Commitment Therapy), am advanced trained in EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy), and also trained in EMDR.
I have years of experience working with young adults, parents/families, and educators to navigate the unique challenges each of these experiences can bring. I support clients in navigating life transitions, identity development, values clarity, emotion regulation, and shame resilience. I also work with clients on attachment-related relationship dynamics and challenges that stem from early childhood or other attachment injuries. By connecting in a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental space, clients are able to explore their internal worlds and gain clarity as well as a renewed sense of empowerment in their lives.
(504) 294-7911 View (504) 294-7911
Photo of Tiffany Graham, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hammond, LA
Tiffany Graham
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Covington, LA 70433
Life is known to throw us for a loop as we navigate the twists and turns our journey brings, especially when it comes to relationships. My passion is to help you through this journey and to assist you in finding ways to navigate the stressors and changes you will encounter. We will work together to find solutions and coping skills to deal with stress, depression, life transitions, relational issues, anxiety, trauma and spiritual issues. I also offer premarital counseling for those who are ready to take the next step in their relationship. Let's reach and surpass your goals together!
Life is known to throw us for a loop as we navigate the twists and turns our journey brings, especially when it comes to relationships. My passion is to help you through this journey and to assist you in finding ways to navigate the stressors and changes you will encounter. We will work together to find solutions and coping skills to deal with stress, depression, life transitions, relational issues, anxiety, trauma and spiritual issues. I also offer premarital counseling for those who are ready to take the next step in their relationship. Let's reach and surpass your goals together!
(985) 304-9575 View (985) 304-9575
Photo of Hannah Comeaux, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hammond, LA
Hannah Comeaux
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA , LPC-S, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lafayette, LA 70506
My goal is to help you cultivate change in your life while working through life’s challenges and help you discover hope and live your best life! We are all writing our story, one day and one chapter at a time. We can’t undo or rewrite the past but we can change our future by renovating and building on our past challenges. I want to help you write the story of your life, your marriage, your family and ultimately assist you in creating a fulfilling, happy life. I want to team up with you and provide the skills, the tools and resources to help you meet your goals.
My goal is to help you cultivate change in your life while working through life’s challenges and help you discover hope and live your best life! We are all writing our story, one day and one chapter at a time. We can’t undo or rewrite the past but we can change our future by renovating and building on our past challenges. I want to help you write the story of your life, your marriage, your family and ultimately assist you in creating a fulfilling, happy life. I want to team up with you and provide the skills, the tools and resources to help you meet your goals.
(337) 317-4372 View (337) 317-4372
Photo of Helene Greece, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hammond, LA
Helene Greece
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70115  (Online Only)
I offer a holistic, integrative approach to psychotherapy and tailor it to the emotional, physical, and creative needs of each client. I bring a wealth of life experience to my practice to complement my clinical expertise. I am an active and empathetic listener and understand that developing a strong therapeutic relationship depends on establishing safety and trust. I try to respond to each person in a curious, collaborative, and direct way. Together we try to find a common language, in words and through the body, that opens the path for each person to express what they need to express.
I offer a holistic, integrative approach to psychotherapy and tailor it to the emotional, physical, and creative needs of each client. I bring a wealth of life experience to my practice to complement my clinical expertise. I am an active and empathetic listener and understand that developing a strong therapeutic relationship depends on establishing safety and trust. I try to respond to each person in a curious, collaborative, and direct way. Together we try to find a common language, in words and through the body, that opens the path for each person to express what they need to express.
(929) 470-3104 View (929) 470-3104
Photo of Erin E Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Erin E Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70118  (Online Only)
Currently I am still exclusively practicing virtually. I work with my clients from a humanistic perspective and enjoy getting to know each client over time. The therapeutic relationship is sacred and I am honored to have so many long-term clients who utilize therapy sessions not only for deeper issues and stresses, but also for continual support. My clients appreciate my dedication to their overall mental and emotional health.
Currently I am still exclusively practicing virtually. I work with my clients from a humanistic perspective and enjoy getting to know each client over time. The therapeutic relationship is sacred and I am honored to have so many long-term clients who utilize therapy sessions not only for deeper issues and stresses, but also for continual support. My clients appreciate my dedication to their overall mental and emotional health.
(504) 638-8332 View (504) 638-8332
Photo of Michelle Fuller Harris Specialized Social Work Solutions Llc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hammond, LA
Michelle Fuller Harris Specialized Social Work Solutions Llc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, BACS, CTMH, CIMHP
Verified Verified
Gonzales, LA 70737  (Online Only)
I have a background in mental health, primarily with adults and geriatrics who also have chronic medical conditions. I have over 25 years of experience , providing in-person & telehealth sessions to clients & their family members, as well as locating resources to assist in improving levels of functioning. Focus on medical trauma & illness, anxiety, grief, loss & bereavement counseling. I will challenge you to get to know yourself & to find your joy. Teletherapy (video) therapy sessions are available statewide in Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,& Arkansas (if appropriate for client's needs & based on insurance requirements) .
I have a background in mental health, primarily with adults and geriatrics who also have chronic medical conditions. I have over 25 years of experience , providing in-person & telehealth sessions to clients & their family members, as well as locating resources to assist in improving levels of functioning. Focus on medical trauma & illness, anxiety, grief, loss & bereavement counseling. I will challenge you to get to know yourself & to find your joy. Teletherapy (video) therapy sessions are available statewide in Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri,& Arkansas (if appropriate for client's needs & based on insurance requirements) .
(225) 314-8241 View (225) 314-8241
Photo of Laura Simpson Blake, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hammond, LA
Laura Simpson Blake
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
New Orleans, LA 70119
Have you ever felt as though no one understood your pain? Have you struggled with depression, anxiety, or just generally felt unsatisfied? Feeling validated and understood can bring about great healing and promise. By learning about you and understanding your difficulties, I will work with you to bring a fresh perspective and a renewed sense of hope. Working together, we can set attainable goals that aim to leave you happier and satisfied.
Have you ever felt as though no one understood your pain? Have you struggled with depression, anxiety, or just generally felt unsatisfied? Feeling validated and understood can bring about great healing and promise. By learning about you and understanding your difficulties, I will work with you to bring a fresh perspective and a renewed sense of hope. Working together, we can set attainable goals that aim to leave you happier and satisfied.
(504) 684-2028 View (504) 684-2028
Photo of Small Talk Counseling & Consulting, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Small Talk Counseling & Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
You have taken a critical step in living your best life by seeking support. The journey won't always be easy, but it will definitely be worth it, which is why "It's Talk that Counts." The mission of Small Talk Counseling & Consulting Services is to provide quality therapeutic, educational, and social support services to individual adults, couples, families, and organizations through genuine, interpersonal and collaborative relationships and detailed personalized care.
You have taken a critical step in living your best life by seeking support. The journey won't always be easy, but it will definitely be worth it, which is why "It's Talk that Counts." The mission of Small Talk Counseling & Consulting Services is to provide quality therapeutic, educational, and social support services to individual adults, couples, families, and organizations through genuine, interpersonal and collaborative relationships and detailed personalized care.
(225) 713-3494 View (225) 713-3494
Photo of Dr. Fatima La'Juan Muse, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hammond, LA
Dr. Fatima La'Juan Muse
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, MedFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New Orleans, LA 70115  (Online Only)
Have you found yourself struggling with life stressors such as fertility problems, chronic illness, marital discord, relationship infidelity, or even difficulty making major decisions? If so, therapy is right for you. Are you blissfully happy and seeking pre-marital counseling with a future spouse? If so, therapy is right for you too! These incentives for counseling have one common thread, a desire to pinpoint areas where you are "stuck", guard against potential threats to your relationship harmony, improve your life, improve your relationship, and become the best version of yourself.
Have you found yourself struggling with life stressors such as fertility problems, chronic illness, marital discord, relationship infidelity, or even difficulty making major decisions? If so, therapy is right for you. Are you blissfully happy and seeking pre-marital counseling with a future spouse? If so, therapy is right for you too! These incentives for counseling have one common thread, a desire to pinpoint areas where you are "stuck", guard against potential threats to your relationship harmony, improve your life, improve your relationship, and become the best version of yourself.
(504) 420-8528 View (504) 420-8528
Photo of Jolivette Affirmative Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hammond, LA
Jolivette Affirmative Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Lafayette, LA 70501  (Online Only)
I believe in creating a safe place, without judgment, to explore issues such as self-worth, interpersonal relationships, and current stressors. I have worked successfully with adolescent through geriatric clients from various cultures and socioeconomic backgrounds. I specialize in life transitions, mood disorders, and sex therapy, however, I have extensive experience in working with chronic pain and illness, codependency, and self-harm. I work with you to develop your goals and the best way to achieve them.
I believe in creating a safe place, without judgment, to explore issues such as self-worth, interpersonal relationships, and current stressors. I have worked successfully with adolescent through geriatric clients from various cultures and socioeconomic backgrounds. I specialize in life transitions, mood disorders, and sex therapy, however, I have extensive experience in working with chronic pain and illness, codependency, and self-harm. I work with you to develop your goals and the best way to achieve them.
(337) 205-9531 View (337) 205-9531
Emotionally Focused Therapists

Who is emotionally focused therapy for?

Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) is for couples who are emotionally distressed, stuck in an unsatisfying relationship pattern or feeling deeply alienated. They may even believe the relationship is beyond repair. Very often, the partners display intense anger, fear, grief, loss of trust, or a sense of betrayal in the relationship. In addition, EFT is helpful to couples and individuals who have difficulty expressing emotions and those who have trouble regulating emotions.

Why do people need emotionally focused therapy?

People need emotionally focused therapy because the need for others is built into the brain, but the pressures of daily life can erode feelings of love, and couples often do not have the skills to find their way back to the comfort of each other. Instead, they may be stuck in repetitive patterns of anger, fear, grief, loss of trust, or a sense of betrayal. Emotionally focused therapy regards such strong negative feelings as expressions of protest over the loss of connection and turns them into pathways of reconnection.

What happens in emotionally focused therapy?

Over the course of eight to 20 weekly sessions, couples de-escalate their negative emotional reactivity to one another so that they can listen to each other and be responsive to each other’s needs. Then the deep emotional and physical bond is restored, giving partners a sense of comfort and security, which they can use to solve whatever problems come their way. The therapist plays an active role, helping partners understand how anger and withdrawal are actually misguided cries for connection.

What problems does emotionally focused therapy treat?

EFT is designed to help couples stuck in dysfunctional relationship patterns regain closeness and rebuild their relationship. Typically, such couples experience considerable distress, with partners feeling alienated and distrustful of one another, not certain their relationship can survive. EFT is also helpful to individuals experiencing attachment-related fears of loss; it helps them learn to use their fears as a way of eliciting the closeness they desire.