Therapists in Santa Rosa, CA

Photo of Jennifer Westcott, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Jennifer Westcott
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PPSC, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95405  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling lost, confused, sad, unsure, angry or disconnected? Are you sick of the same patterns, same outcomes, but don't know how to change? Perhaps something has happened in your life that is overwhelming and you need a place to figure it out. There are numerous reasons someone comes to therapy, but if you are exploring these pages you owe it to yourself to check out therapy. Seeking therapy does not mean there is something wrong with you. Seeking therapy means you have enough insight to know you need some help figuring out next steps, making change, and creating support.
Are you feeling lost, confused, sad, unsure, angry or disconnected? Are you sick of the same patterns, same outcomes, but don't know how to change? Perhaps something has happened in your life that is overwhelming and you need a place to figure it out. There are numerous reasons someone comes to therapy, but if you are exploring these pages you owe it to yourself to check out therapy. Seeking therapy does not mean there is something wrong with you. Seeking therapy means you have enough insight to know you need some help figuring out next steps, making change, and creating support.
(707) 639-1295 View (707) 639-1295
Photo of Sonoma County Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Sonoma County Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95403
Sonoma County Counseling provides exceptional personalized counseling services for clients of all ages. Sonoma County Counseling was founded with an eye on providing supportive cutting edge therapeutic counseling services to individuals and families, in a professional, welcoming, mindful, inclusive, and enriched environment. We welcome individuals, couples, and families. Sonoma County Counseling specializes in child therapy services that help children (ages 3 - 12), teenagers, and families, as well as adults who are living with acute or chronic mental health challenges.
Sonoma County Counseling provides exceptional personalized counseling services for clients of all ages. Sonoma County Counseling was founded with an eye on providing supportive cutting edge therapeutic counseling services to individuals and families, in a professional, welcoming, mindful, inclusive, and enriched environment. We welcome individuals, couples, and families. Sonoma County Counseling specializes in child therapy services that help children (ages 3 - 12), teenagers, and families, as well as adults who are living with acute or chronic mental health challenges.
(707) 993-4474 View (707) 993-4474
Photo of Suzanne S. Eaves, Psychologist in Santa Rosa, CA
Suzanne S. Eaves
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
Welcome! If you are perusing this website, it is likely you are seeking meaningful change in your life. Perhaps you struggle with moods, relationship troubles, or traumas that negatively impact your life. As a psychologist, I have worked 16+ years serving many diverse clients, helping them to resolve problems, restore balance in their lives, feel whole again, and express themselves genuinely and skillfully in the world. My therapeutic approach is integrative in that I select from many treatment modalities to bring about positive change.
Welcome! If you are perusing this website, it is likely you are seeking meaningful change in your life. Perhaps you struggle with moods, relationship troubles, or traumas that negatively impact your life. As a psychologist, I have worked 16+ years serving many diverse clients, helping them to resolve problems, restore balance in their lives, feel whole again, and express themselves genuinely and skillfully in the world. My therapeutic approach is integrative in that I select from many treatment modalities to bring about positive change.
(707) 368-5170 View (707) 368-5170
Photo of Ann Parsons, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Ann Parsons
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95405
Are you ready to change your life and not sure how to start? Would you like to learn how to break patterns that leave you feeling anxious, angry, or depressed? I welcome the opportunity to guide you through an understanding of triggers and patterns that keep you from fully connecting with yourself and others. I encourage individuals to tap into their inherent wisdom instead of their self-critic to find the compassion and strength to make changes. I use a variety of therapeutic approaches to help people heal, gain greater self-awareness, and learn practical tools for improving their lives.
Are you ready to change your life and not sure how to start? Would you like to learn how to break patterns that leave you feeling anxious, angry, or depressed? I welcome the opportunity to guide you through an understanding of triggers and patterns that keep you from fully connecting with yourself and others. I encourage individuals to tap into their inherent wisdom instead of their self-critic to find the compassion and strength to make changes. I use a variety of therapeutic approaches to help people heal, gain greater self-awareness, and learn practical tools for improving their lives.
(707) 998-5945 View (707) 998-5945
Photo of Connie Rector Kinnison, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Connie Rector Kinnison
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
Not accepting new clients
In life we often experience once beautiful relationships that have become strained or distant leaving us feeling depressed, anxious, ineffective or alone. Old anger, boundary issues, financial stress, or pain of loss can leave you at odds with friends, co-workers or the family members you love. As a parent you may feel guilty or overwhelmed as you watch your children struggle with academics, disadvantages, peer relationships or self-esteem. Perhaps you are that child or teen feeling pulled down by the expectations of teachers or parents,divorce, social isolation, the legal system or the complexities of an intimate relationship.
In life we often experience once beautiful relationships that have become strained or distant leaving us feeling depressed, anxious, ineffective or alone. Old anger, boundary issues, financial stress, or pain of loss can leave you at odds with friends, co-workers or the family members you love. As a parent you may feel guilty or overwhelmed as you watch your children struggle with academics, disadvantages, peer relationships or self-esteem. Perhaps you are that child or teen feeling pulled down by the expectations of teachers or parents,divorce, social isolation, the legal system or the complexities of an intimate relationship.
(707) 341-6935 View (707) 341-6935
Photo of Greg Thigpen, Psychologist in Santa Rosa, CA
Greg Thigpen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
As you read these words, you may be having second thoughts about contacting a therapist. That is understandable. Even as we struggle with personal problems, or work to solve problems with a relationship, it's natural to have questions about reaching out for help. You may wonder whether you will feel comfortable with the person you call, and may be uncertain about how therapy can help.
As you read these words, you may be having second thoughts about contacting a therapist. That is understandable. Even as we struggle with personal problems, or work to solve problems with a relationship, it's natural to have questions about reaching out for help. You may wonder whether you will feel comfortable with the person you call, and may be uncertain about how therapy can help.
(707) 595-2054 View (707) 595-2054
Photo of Mimi Zatuchni Knop, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Rosa, CA
Mimi Zatuchni Knop
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
Waitlist for new clients
Managing life's stressors can be lonely, difficult and feel impossible sometimes. Progressing at your pace, we’ll develop a deeper understanding of your strengths as well as the obstacles and challenges you face. We can then co-create highly customized tools and strategies that you will want to use because they are meaningful to you. This approach allows you to increase awareness of what’s going on for you and allows you to begin your path for real change and positive growth in all areas of your life; school, career, relationships - including the one you have with yourself.
Managing life's stressors can be lonely, difficult and feel impossible sometimes. Progressing at your pace, we’ll develop a deeper understanding of your strengths as well as the obstacles and challenges you face. We can then co-create highly customized tools and strategies that you will want to use because they are meaningful to you. This approach allows you to increase awareness of what’s going on for you and allows you to begin your path for real change and positive growth in all areas of your life; school, career, relationships - including the one you have with yourself.
(707) 665-1652 View (707) 665-1652
Photo of Kersti M Lofgren, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Kersti M Lofgren
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
Waitlist for new clients
"Teens are tough!" The challenges of adolescence and young adulthood can be difficult and disruptive to a family. In today's fast paced society there are times when we need extra help navigating the ups and downs. Let me help. I have over 15 years of experience working with families, adolescents and individuals using a range of treatment modalities including; cognitive behavioral therapy, family systems, and positive psychology.
"Teens are tough!" The challenges of adolescence and young adulthood can be difficult and disruptive to a family. In today's fast paced society there are times when we need extra help navigating the ups and downs. Let me help. I have over 15 years of experience working with families, adolescents and individuals using a range of treatment modalities including; cognitive behavioral therapy, family systems, and positive psychology.
(707) 549-6115 View (707) 549-6115
Photo of Marcia Katz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Marcia Katz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
Many of us are experiencing anxiety or depression in response to world events. Some have been struggling with personal issues for some time, and find it difficult to ask for help. My goal is to make the process of getting help for yourself, or loved ones, as easy as possible. Together we will identify problems that impact your life and together we will create positive, lasting change. I offer a grounding presence to my clients and use an integration of techniques that address the body, mind and spirit. I support all forms of intimate relationships, and believe everyone deserves compassion and respect.
Many of us are experiencing anxiety or depression in response to world events. Some have been struggling with personal issues for some time, and find it difficult to ask for help. My goal is to make the process of getting help for yourself, or loved ones, as easy as possible. Together we will identify problems that impact your life and together we will create positive, lasting change. I offer a grounding presence to my clients and use an integration of techniques that address the body, mind and spirit. I support all forms of intimate relationships, and believe everyone deserves compassion and respect.
(707) 416-4079 View (707) 416-4079
Photo of Kelly Rathmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Kelly Rathmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95404  (Online Only)
As a psychodynamic therapist, I often work with clients who are interested in their relationship to themselves, working on healing anxiety, depression, codependency, relationships, and life transitions. My approach tends to be depth-oriented and existential, for example, how we connect with our deeper self, how we make meaning of our lives and experiences, and how we create our own stories. Rather than focus on how we can "fix" things, I believe we have to look at how we relate to the parts of ourselves that we feel like we need to "fix". I support my clients in creating more self-acceptance and meaning in their lives.
As a psychodynamic therapist, I often work with clients who are interested in their relationship to themselves, working on healing anxiety, depression, codependency, relationships, and life transitions. My approach tends to be depth-oriented and existential, for example, how we connect with our deeper self, how we make meaning of our lives and experiences, and how we create our own stories. Rather than focus on how we can "fix" things, I believe we have to look at how we relate to the parts of ourselves that we feel like we need to "fix". I support my clients in creating more self-acceptance and meaning in their lives.
(707) 314-5475 View (707) 314-5475
Photo of Krystal Ying, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Krystal Ying
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95401  (Online Only)
It is within your reach to live a life that is calmer, more grounded and satisfying - where you're not overwhelmed or completely detached - no matter how you are feeling right now or what happened before. You feel on guard, emotionally and physically flooded, disempowered, alone, and hijacked by triggers. Maybe you feel like you cannot trust yourself or others, and your self-confidence is suffering. Whether you're here because of a traumatic event or you have experienced multiple hardships in life, it is possible to get through this, reclaim your spirit and self, and help your mind/body be here in the present moment.
It is within your reach to live a life that is calmer, more grounded and satisfying - where you're not overwhelmed or completely detached - no matter how you are feeling right now or what happened before. You feel on guard, emotionally and physically flooded, disempowered, alone, and hijacked by triggers. Maybe you feel like you cannot trust yourself or others, and your self-confidence is suffering. Whether you're here because of a traumatic event or you have experienced multiple hardships in life, it is possible to get through this, reclaim your spirit and self, and help your mind/body be here in the present moment.
(707) 309-0699 View (707) 309-0699
Photo of Greg Kirnos Boccieri, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Rosa, CA
Greg Kirnos Boccieri
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95405
I work with people who are in need of a safe and supportive environment to figure out and pursue their life goals. They want to understand how to bring movement to the stuck and repeating aspects of their lives.
I work with people who are in need of a safe and supportive environment to figure out and pursue their life goals. They want to understand how to bring movement to the stuck and repeating aspects of their lives.
(510) 240-8910 View (510) 240-8910
Photo of William Carroll, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
William Carroll
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MACP
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
Welcome to the inner work! What happens in a therapy room, of course, has to do with the challenges one has brought, but also in raising a person's awareness about their powerful capacity to heal, navigate, and thrive in this world. I have 28 years of experience as a teacher, compassionate intuit, and psychotherapist which assists me strongly as a guide who can hold space for people from many different cultures, and walks of life, as they step into their truth.
Welcome to the inner work! What happens in a therapy room, of course, has to do with the challenges one has brought, but also in raising a person's awareness about their powerful capacity to heal, navigate, and thrive in this world. I have 28 years of experience as a teacher, compassionate intuit, and psychotherapist which assists me strongly as a guide who can hold space for people from many different cultures, and walks of life, as they step into their truth.
(707) 595-9668 View (707) 595-9668
Photo of Dorothy Marie Mandel, Psychologist in Santa Rosa, CA
Dorothy Marie Mandel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95405
Change is certain. How we respond to change, to stress, and to the challenges of life makes all the difference. Whether you suffer from anxiety, depression, PTSD, professional setbacks, creative blocks, family challenges, or marriage dissatisfaction, my job is to help you move forward. My intention is to provide a safe, and welcoming environment for you to gain the support you deserve. I invite you to learn new tools and strategies that can help you come away with more inner peace, clarity, resilience, and confidence. Together we can create a personalized and effective approach to help you quickly reach your goals.
Change is certain. How we respond to change, to stress, and to the challenges of life makes all the difference. Whether you suffer from anxiety, depression, PTSD, professional setbacks, creative blocks, family challenges, or marriage dissatisfaction, my job is to help you move forward. My intention is to provide a safe, and welcoming environment for you to gain the support you deserve. I invite you to learn new tools and strategies that can help you come away with more inner peace, clarity, resilience, and confidence. Together we can create a personalized and effective approach to help you quickly reach your goals.
(707) 659-6992 View (707) 659-6992
Photo of Rebecca Lane Worsley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Rebecca Lane Worsley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Rosa, CA 95403
Sometimes it's time to make a change and deepen our understanding of ourselves and others. Therapy can be quite helpful in this process through providing a safe, non-judgmental relationship from which to grow. I've been in private practice for over 20 years and I work with adults, couples, adolescents, and children from 5 years old and up. I would like you to know that you are not alone in this journey of growth and healing. I would like to come along side you as you improve and deepen your relationship with yourself and with others.
Sometimes it's time to make a change and deepen our understanding of ourselves and others. Therapy can be quite helpful in this process through providing a safe, non-judgmental relationship from which to grow. I've been in private practice for over 20 years and I work with adults, couples, adolescents, and children from 5 years old and up. I would like you to know that you are not alone in this journey of growth and healing. I would like to come along side you as you improve and deepen your relationship with yourself and with others.
(707) 549-6053 View (707) 549-6053
Photo of Hannah Caratti, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Hannah Caratti
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95404  (Online Only)
No matter how challenging life may be, I believe it is possible to move forward, to heal from a painful past, to navigate transitions, and to find healing and healthy relationships. I am here to support you in this process in a warm, empathic and collaborative way. I draw on my background in counseling psychology, meditation and somatics as I work with clients from all walks of life.
No matter how challenging life may be, I believe it is possible to move forward, to heal from a painful past, to navigate transitions, and to find healing and healthy relationships. I am here to support you in this process in a warm, empathic and collaborative way. I draw on my background in counseling psychology, meditation and somatics as I work with clients from all walks of life.
(707) 985-8986 View (707) 985-8986
Photo of Jenny Schneider, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Jenny Schneider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
I believe that the relationship between client and therapist is the foundation in order for any healing to happen. Trust and mutual respect is important for progress to be made and I spend time getting to know the client and what brings them in. The client is the expert on their life and their experiences, and I feel privileged to be the witness of that journey. Most of the people I work with are children, adolescents or young adults, but I also enjoy working with women and adults in areas of transition, family issues, relationships, parenting or looking for support or personal growth.
I believe that the relationship between client and therapist is the foundation in order for any healing to happen. Trust and mutual respect is important for progress to be made and I spend time getting to know the client and what brings them in. The client is the expert on their life and their experiences, and I feel privileged to be the witness of that journey. Most of the people I work with are children, adolescents or young adults, but I also enjoy working with women and adults in areas of transition, family issues, relationships, parenting or looking for support or personal growth.
(707) 600-2264 View (707) 600-2264
Photo of Muncie Mary Harper, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Muncie Mary Harper
Marriage & Family Therapist, RN, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
Waitlist for new clients
If issues of anger, anxiety, depression or grief are barriers to achieving your personal goals or changing behaviors, I would be honored to provide guidance in addressing these issues. My many years of life experience and different careers working with diverse populations have assisted me in developing insight, sensitivity, and compassion toward the struggles along life's path. Allow me to help you process past/current traumas, losses, and resolve your relationship challenges as a couple or family system.
If issues of anger, anxiety, depression or grief are barriers to achieving your personal goals or changing behaviors, I would be honored to provide guidance in addressing these issues. My many years of life experience and different careers working with diverse populations have assisted me in developing insight, sensitivity, and compassion toward the struggles along life's path. Allow me to help you process past/current traumas, losses, and resolve your relationship challenges as a couple or family system.
(707) 549-6691 View (707) 549-6691
Photo of Maryellen Curran, Psychologist in Santa Rosa, CA
Maryellen Curran
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95403
Waitlist for new clients
Are you curious about your own moods and patterns? Have you always wanted to understand yourself better? Do you feel that you could feel so much happier if you had new or better coping skills? My approach to psychotherapy is to use my years of experience working with people who are open, eager to learn and who are craving a life that is more fulfilling with less worry, self-disparagement and suffering. I have a practical, down to earth style that will let you feel safe and open to growth and change.
Are you curious about your own moods and patterns? Have you always wanted to understand yourself better? Do you feel that you could feel so much happier if you had new or better coping skills? My approach to psychotherapy is to use my years of experience working with people who are open, eager to learn and who are craving a life that is more fulfilling with less worry, self-disparagement and suffering. I have a practical, down to earth style that will let you feel safe and open to growth and change.
(707) 309-0619 View (707) 309-0619
Photo of Doug Silberstein Marriage And Family Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Rosa, CA
Doug Silberstein Marriage And Family Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
Do you want a more gratifying relationship? I work with couples to help them shift out of adversarial, polarized and/or disconnected states into more supportive, collaborative and connected experiences in relationship. Do you want a more fulfilling existence - one in which you feel freer, more empowered, more self-aligned? I work with individuals to help them more effectively address internal obstacles that interfere with greater vitality and well-being. Are you a parent simply looking for support to better deal with parenting challenges? I work with parents to develop helpful ways of nurturing their child's healthy development.
Do you want a more gratifying relationship? I work with couples to help them shift out of adversarial, polarized and/or disconnected states into more supportive, collaborative and connected experiences in relationship. Do you want a more fulfilling existence - one in which you feel freer, more empowered, more self-aligned? I work with individuals to help them more effectively address internal obstacles that interfere with greater vitality and well-being. Are you a parent simply looking for support to better deal with parenting challenges? I work with parents to develop helpful ways of nurturing their child's healthy development.
(415) 697-0532 View (415) 697-0532

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Rosa, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Santa Rosa, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
67% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
51% Aetna
49% Optum

How Therapists in Santa Rosa, CA see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Rosa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.