Therapists in Arlington, MA

Photo of Catherine Lee Christie, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Catherine Lee Christie
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
(617) 762-5352 View (617) 762-5352
Photo of Zach Moses, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Zach Moses
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
Zach works with adults suffering with both new and chronic conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, OCD, depression, and insomnia. His focus is on using process based techniques based in applied behavioral contextual science research. His style is aimed at establishing strong therapeutic relationships quickly and deeply as these are the keys to treatment success and satisfaction.
Zach works with adults suffering with both new and chronic conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, OCD, depression, and insomnia. His focus is on using process based techniques based in applied behavioral contextual science research. His style is aimed at establishing strong therapeutic relationships quickly and deeply as these are the keys to treatment success and satisfaction.
(617) 749-2379 View (617) 749-2379
Photo of Eric Knee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Eric Knee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Imagine beginning every day feeling energized, confident and ready to take on whatever comes your way. You might feel better about your progress with life goals, be able create meaningful and close relationships, maintain healthier habits, and have a regular sense of pride and accomplishment. You know you have so much potential, but may not know exactly how to reach it. Be proud of yourself for taking this first step to creating positive changes in your life.
Imagine beginning every day feeling energized, confident and ready to take on whatever comes your way. You might feel better about your progress with life goals, be able create meaningful and close relationships, maintain healthier habits, and have a regular sense of pride and accomplishment. You know you have so much potential, but may not know exactly how to reach it. Be proud of yourself for taking this first step to creating positive changes in your life.
(617) 431-3852 View (617) 431-3852
Photo of Gabe Gruner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Gabe Gruner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
I have training and experience in treating a variety of psychological problems, and I specialize in treating anxiety, OCD and related disorders (hair pulling, skin picking). I have specialized training in the most modern psychological treatments that are supported by research evidence. My style is warm and collaborative; I am dedicated to understanding your experience and helping you make changes that are important to you.
I have training and experience in treating a variety of psychological problems, and I specialize in treating anxiety, OCD and related disorders (hair pulling, skin picking). I have specialized training in the most modern psychological treatments that are supported by research evidence. My style is warm and collaborative; I am dedicated to understanding your experience and helping you make changes that are important to you.
(617) 855-6410 View (617) 855-6410
Photo of Emily Fox-Kales, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Emily Fox-Kales
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
As a clinical psychologist I have over 30 years of experience treating eating disorders, body disturbances, and weight problems and am the founder and director of Feeding Ourselves. Feeding Ourselves is a comprehensive program for people who want to change the way they eat and the way they confront their weight problem. Many participants have a long history of battling extra pounds. Others may not be overweight, but suffer from compulsive over eating, binge eating or bulimia. The vulnerability they share is feeling out of control with food, and a preoccupation with eating and weight that drains their lives of valuable energy.
As a clinical psychologist I have over 30 years of experience treating eating disorders, body disturbances, and weight problems and am the founder and director of Feeding Ourselves. Feeding Ourselves is a comprehensive program for people who want to change the way they eat and the way they confront their weight problem. Many participants have a long history of battling extra pounds. Others may not be overweight, but suffer from compulsive over eating, binge eating or bulimia. The vulnerability they share is feeling out of control with food, and a preoccupation with eating and weight that drains their lives of valuable energy.
(781) 325-4922 View (781) 325-4922
Photo of Johanna Holliday, LLC, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Johanna Holliday, LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I specialize working with adults who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, low self-worth, and struggles in their relationships. My goal is to help you in compassionate, warm, and empathetic ways understand what you are experiencing in your mind and body. I will help you understand your thoughts and feelings, why they are there, and organize them so you can make choices in your life that feel right to you. I want to help you build a strong sense of self, feel valued, and connect to others in healthy ways.
I specialize working with adults who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, low self-worth, and struggles in their relationships. My goal is to help you in compassionate, warm, and empathetic ways understand what you are experiencing in your mind and body. I will help you understand your thoughts and feelings, why they are there, and organize them so you can make choices in your life that feel right to you. I want to help you build a strong sense of self, feel valued, and connect to others in healthy ways.
(339) 526-1438 View (339) 526-1438
Photo of Dr. Meghan Schreck, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Dr. Meghan Schreck
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
I provide evidence-based treatments for adults with OCD, perinatal OCD, and anxiety disorders. Having OCD makes it hard to be present in your life. You may be having anxious thoughts about contamination, the health of your baby, or something bad happening to someone you care about. You may be having scary, intrusive thoughts that don’t make sense and feel like the opposite of who you are. You find yourself repeating behaviors or reviewing situations in your mind to alleviate anxiety, but the thoughts and anxiety always return.
I provide evidence-based treatments for adults with OCD, perinatal OCD, and anxiety disorders. Having OCD makes it hard to be present in your life. You may be having anxious thoughts about contamination, the health of your baby, or something bad happening to someone you care about. You may be having scary, intrusive thoughts that don’t make sense and feel like the opposite of who you are. You find yourself repeating behaviors or reviewing situations in your mind to alleviate anxiety, but the thoughts and anxiety always return.
(617) 934-8591 View (617) 934-8591
Photo of Susan J Lee, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Susan J Lee
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My therapeutic approach may look different depending on what is going on with the person and what his or her needs are, but I generally use an insight-oriented and cognitive approach. I help people figure things out, understand themselves better, sort out their thoughts and feelings, and gain perspective on themselves so that they are able to make effective choices in their lives and work towards greater emotional well-being. People generally describe me as having a calming presence and creating a safe environment for them.
My therapeutic approach may look different depending on what is going on with the person and what his or her needs are, but I generally use an insight-oriented and cognitive approach. I help people figure things out, understand themselves better, sort out their thoughts and feelings, and gain perspective on themselves so that they are able to make effective choices in their lives and work towards greater emotional well-being. People generally describe me as having a calming presence and creating a safe environment for them.
(781) 696-9940 View (781) 696-9940
Photo of Allison Berger, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Allison Berger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
As a trauma specialized clinician and former Program Director at McLean Hospital, I have deep respect for clients' painful struggles as well as for their strength, resilience, and capacity for growth. My approach is fundamentally gentle, compassionate and collaborative. Are you curious about yourself and wish to understand how your past informs present relationships, emotions, and behavior? Join me to build insight and coping strategies, reduce the overwhelming impact of your symptoms and your past, and build a more present, empowered, regulated and satisfying life.
As a trauma specialized clinician and former Program Director at McLean Hospital, I have deep respect for clients' painful struggles as well as for their strength, resilience, and capacity for growth. My approach is fundamentally gentle, compassionate and collaborative. Are you curious about yourself and wish to understand how your past informs present relationships, emotions, and behavior? Join me to build insight and coping strategies, reduce the overwhelming impact of your symptoms and your past, and build a more present, empowered, regulated and satisfying life.
(617) 855-7663 View (617) 855-7663
Photo of Jennifer Sheng, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Jennifer Sheng
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Accepting new telehealth clients! Finding the right counselor in today's environment can be challenging especially if you are diagnosed with a health condition or have a non-traditional schedule. I am an experienced, licensed therapist in the Greater Boston Area specializing in grief, loss of pet, coping with illness, caregiver support, healthcare professional burnout/moral injury, and life transitions. My approach is tailored to each person and is collaborative, affirming, warm, empathic, strengths based and solution focused.
Accepting new telehealth clients! Finding the right counselor in today's environment can be challenging especially if you are diagnosed with a health condition or have a non-traditional schedule. I am an experienced, licensed therapist in the Greater Boston Area specializing in grief, loss of pet, coping with illness, caregiver support, healthcare professional burnout/moral injury, and life transitions. My approach is tailored to each person and is collaborative, affirming, warm, empathic, strengths based and solution focused.
(617) 741-9353 View (617) 741-9353
Photo of Grace Steele Scarlett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Grace Steele Scarlett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Waitlist for new clients
Grace has experience as a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker for the past 8 years, working primarily with children and their families. She has a passion for helping children understand their emotions and develop realistic coping strategies to manage them. As a newer mom herself, Grace also has an interest in supporting women in the perinatal period. Grace specializes in helping individuals through their first pregnancy and the transition into motherhood. Grace has also been practicing and teaching yoga to adults and children for over 10 years and enjoys helping others connect with themselves through breath and movement.
Grace has experience as a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker for the past 8 years, working primarily with children and their families. She has a passion for helping children understand their emotions and develop realistic coping strategies to manage them. As a newer mom herself, Grace also has an interest in supporting women in the perinatal period. Grace specializes in helping individuals through their first pregnancy and the transition into motherhood. Grace has also been practicing and teaching yoga to adults and children for over 10 years and enjoys helping others connect with themselves through breath and movement.
(339) 330-2167 View (339) 330-2167
Peter O'Connor
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Cognitive Therapy Training was received at the Center for Cognitive Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Specific areas of expertise are depression and anxiety disorders including phobias, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Present and past positions include: Academy of Cognitive Therapy - Founding Fellow; Clinical Director of the Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Unit, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School - Instructor; National Institute of health - Therapist, Cognitive Therapy for cocaine abuse research; Member of the Association for Behavior and Cognitive Therapies.
Cognitive Therapy Training was received at the Center for Cognitive Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Specific areas of expertise are depression and anxiety disorders including phobias, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Present and past positions include: Academy of Cognitive Therapy - Founding Fellow; Clinical Director of the Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Unit, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School - Instructor; National Institute of health - Therapist, Cognitive Therapy for cocaine abuse research; Member of the Association for Behavior and Cognitive Therapies.
(617) 506-9951 View (617) 506-9951
Photo of Betty S. Paganis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Betty S. Paganis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Maintaining a sense of direction and remaining at peace can be hard in today’s world. While stress, anxiety, and sadness are all a part of life, sometimes these feelings grow and become obstacles to healthy day-to-day life. I help people seeking to cope with issues such as loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. Whatever unique challenges you are facing right now, I commend you for seeking help. All of us can use a little help from time to time.
Maintaining a sense of direction and remaining at peace can be hard in today’s world. While stress, anxiety, and sadness are all a part of life, sometimes these feelings grow and become obstacles to healthy day-to-day life. I help people seeking to cope with issues such as loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. Whatever unique challenges you are facing right now, I commend you for seeking help. All of us can use a little help from time to time.
(857) 763-3626 View (857) 763-3626
Photo of Sara Leo, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Sara Leo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I am a licensed clinical health psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group. I specialize in treating people coping with anxiety, chronic pain, stress, medical issues, mood disorders, and difficulties adjusting to life changes. I believe that each person is unique, and therefore no one approach is right for everyone. I strive to integrate a variety of techniques and perspectives from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness based therapies, relaxation training, biofeedback, clinical hypnotherapy, and supportive therapy to create a treatment that is tailored to the individual I am working with.
I am a licensed clinical health psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group. I specialize in treating people coping with anxiety, chronic pain, stress, medical issues, mood disorders, and difficulties adjusting to life changes. I believe that each person is unique, and therefore no one approach is right for everyone. I strive to integrate a variety of techniques and perspectives from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness based therapies, relaxation training, biofeedback, clinical hypnotherapy, and supportive therapy to create a treatment that is tailored to the individual I am working with.
(617) 977-4770 View (617) 977-4770
Photo of Adam Russell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Arlington, MA
Adam Russell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Are you seeking to understand yourself better? Are you looking to make sense of your relationship dynamics? Do you wish things were better, but you don't know how to get there? You CAN feel empowered by an expanding of your understanding, gathering insight, and educating the choices you make in how you decide to live your life. I work with couples, and adults to help make sense of obstacles, understand how relationship histories effect life today, and become more comfortable with themselves. This is done in an atmosphere where you are accepted for who you are. We can discuss your goals.
Are you seeking to understand yourself better? Are you looking to make sense of your relationship dynamics? Do you wish things were better, but you don't know how to get there? You CAN feel empowered by an expanding of your understanding, gathering insight, and educating the choices you make in how you decide to live your life. I work with couples, and adults to help make sense of obstacles, understand how relationship histories effect life today, and become more comfortable with themselves. This is done in an atmosphere where you are accepted for who you are. We can discuss your goals.
(339) 201-6547 View (339) 201-6547
Photo of Vanessa Salas-Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Vanessa Salas-Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, my first goal is to connect with my clients—there are many effective ways to work with people to address life’s challenges, but the first step is to establish a warm, nonjudgmental, and authentic human connection. With connection and understanding, amazing things can happen. For more than a decade, I have worked collaboratively with people looking to gain insight into their experiences, feel better, and develop practical tools for change.
As a therapist, my first goal is to connect with my clients—there are many effective ways to work with people to address life’s challenges, but the first step is to establish a warm, nonjudgmental, and authentic human connection. With connection and understanding, amazing things can happen. For more than a decade, I have worked collaboratively with people looking to gain insight into their experiences, feel better, and develop practical tools for change.
(617) 539-7063 View (617) 539-7063
Photo of Nick Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Nick Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I appreciate your efforts to seek therapy and hope that this description serves as a useful introduction to my practice. My approach is client-centered, flexible, and integrative, meaning that I draw from multiple schools of theory and practice in treatment. I most frequently offer Cognitive Behavioral, Mindfulness-Based, Psychodynamic and Motivational treatments. I work with adolescents and adults, with particular interests in anxiety disorders, OCD, work-related stress and career coaching, substance use problems, learning differences, grief/bereavement counseling, and phase-of-life transitions.
I appreciate your efforts to seek therapy and hope that this description serves as a useful introduction to my practice. My approach is client-centered, flexible, and integrative, meaning that I draw from multiple schools of theory and practice in treatment. I most frequently offer Cognitive Behavioral, Mindfulness-Based, Psychodynamic and Motivational treatments. I work with adolescents and adults, with particular interests in anxiety disorders, OCD, work-related stress and career coaching, substance use problems, learning differences, grief/bereavement counseling, and phase-of-life transitions.
(781) 819-5351 View (781) 819-5351
Photo of Julie French, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Julie French
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Therapy can begin when you feel like you are struggling with yourself or with others. I collaborate with clients with a non-judgmental and person-centered approach to help them feel more like themselves. I have a diverse background and utilize various clinical tools to support clients in identifying ways to change thoughts and behaviors. I am a social worker at heart who strongly believes in the dignity and worth of every person. I will hold space and recognize that you are the expert of your own life.
Therapy can begin when you feel like you are struggling with yourself or with others. I collaborate with clients with a non-judgmental and person-centered approach to help them feel more like themselves. I have a diverse background and utilize various clinical tools to support clients in identifying ways to change thoughts and behaviors. I am a social worker at heart who strongly believes in the dignity and worth of every person. I will hold space and recognize that you are the expert of your own life.
(339) 229-5517 View (339) 229-5517
Photo of Emma R. Worth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Emma R. Worth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Welcome. My work is to help you find more ease, joy, connection, meaning and purpose in your days. Emotional suffering is part of being human, but it is possible to face challenging life situations with a clear head and an open heart. We can cultivate trust and hope in the face of traumatic personal histories and loss. Wouldn’t it be nice to let go of fear and anxiety, as well as the old stories that still have a grip on you, to stop repeating self-defeating patterns and find a place at the clearing for something new?
Welcome. My work is to help you find more ease, joy, connection, meaning and purpose in your days. Emotional suffering is part of being human, but it is possible to face challenging life situations with a clear head and an open heart. We can cultivate trust and hope in the face of traumatic personal histories and loss. Wouldn’t it be nice to let go of fear and anxiety, as well as the old stories that still have a grip on you, to stop repeating self-defeating patterns and find a place at the clearing for something new?
(857) 285-2297 View (857) 285-2297
Photo of Marah Paley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Marah Paley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, and life changes. I strive to listen deeply and to build meaningful connections, while helping people to better understand themselves and their experiences. My approach is warm, kind, curious and non-judgmental. My hope is that therapy is a safe, supportive space where you can be authentic and gain insight about your life.
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, and life changes. I strive to listen deeply and to build meaningful connections, while helping people to better understand themselves and their experiences. My approach is warm, kind, curious and non-judgmental. My hope is that therapy is a safe, supportive space where you can be authentic and gain insight about your life.
(857) 290-5345 View (857) 290-5345

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Arlington, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Optum

How Therapists in Arlington, MA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.