Therapists in Arlington, MA

Photo of Catherine Lee Christie, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Catherine Lee Christie
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
(617) 762-5352 View (617) 762-5352
Photo of Lauren Killeen, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Lauren Killeen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I am a child clinical psychologist with specialized training in pediatric neuropsychology and I have been partnering with families for over 12 years to help children thrive in their social, emotional, and academic lives. I founded SEEDS to help caregivers better understand their child's strengths and challenges, and to use that information to design individualized interventions. I conduct personalized, comprehensive, neuropsychological evaluations and have expertise evaluating individuals with Autism, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, language disabilities, ADHD, and emotional and behavioral difficulties.
I am a child clinical psychologist with specialized training in pediatric neuropsychology and I have been partnering with families for over 12 years to help children thrive in their social, emotional, and academic lives. I founded SEEDS to help caregivers better understand their child's strengths and challenges, and to use that information to design individualized interventions. I conduct personalized, comprehensive, neuropsychological evaluations and have expertise evaluating individuals with Autism, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, language disabilities, ADHD, and emotional and behavioral difficulties.
(781) 325-8977 View (781) 325-8977
Photo of Hilary Weingarden, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Hilary Weingarden
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Welcome! If anxiety, obsessive thoughts, compulsions, or struggles with body image are draining your time and energy, I am hopeful that I can help. I'm a licensed psychologist with specialized training and >10 years of experience assessing and treating anxiety (panic disorder, social anxiety, generalized anxiety), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and related disorders (hair pulling/trichotillomania, skin picking, emetophobia, body dysmorphic disorder, health anxiety) in adults. I use evidence-based approaches – that is, assessment and treatment methods shown through research to be effective for my areas of specialization.
Welcome! If anxiety, obsessive thoughts, compulsions, or struggles with body image are draining your time and energy, I am hopeful that I can help. I'm a licensed psychologist with specialized training and >10 years of experience assessing and treating anxiety (panic disorder, social anxiety, generalized anxiety), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and related disorders (hair pulling/trichotillomania, skin picking, emetophobia, body dysmorphic disorder, health anxiety) in adults. I use evidence-based approaches – that is, assessment and treatment methods shown through research to be effective for my areas of specialization.
(781) 417-3270 View (781) 417-3270
Photo of Linda Suzuki, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Linda Suzuki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
At this time my practice is full. I will update this information when I have openings. Thank you. There are times in our lives when we need help with life's challenges. These could be related to relationship difficulties, family concerns, or work/school issues. They might stem from how we feel about ourselves. As a seasoned Clinical Social Worker, I have experience helping clients of all ages and provide a safe and supportive place to be able to examine concerns and work towards creating change.
At this time my practice is full. I will update this information when I have openings. Thank you. There are times in our lives when we need help with life's challenges. These could be related to relationship difficulties, family concerns, or work/school issues. They might stem from how we feel about ourselves. As a seasoned Clinical Social Worker, I have experience helping clients of all ages and provide a safe and supportive place to be able to examine concerns and work towards creating change.
(781) 406-4604 View (781) 406-4604
Photo of Jessica Rafferty, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Jessica Rafferty
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
If you're here, it's likely because you're facing some obstacles that are hindering your progress towards achieving your goals and experiencing a sense of fulfillment in your daily life. These obstacles could manifest as symptoms of depression, such as a lack of motivation, feeling adrift, or a sense of disconnection. You may be experiencing anxiety, struggling with concerns about not measuring up, feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of making change, or feeling inadequate in some way. You might also be experiencing difficulties in your relationships, uncertain about your position in your network or feeling frequently distressed.
If you're here, it's likely because you're facing some obstacles that are hindering your progress towards achieving your goals and experiencing a sense of fulfillment in your daily life. These obstacles could manifest as symptoms of depression, such as a lack of motivation, feeling adrift, or a sense of disconnection. You may be experiencing anxiety, struggling with concerns about not measuring up, feeling overwhelmed by the prospect of making change, or feeling inadequate in some way. You might also be experiencing difficulties in your relationships, uncertain about your position in your network or feeling frequently distressed.
(508) 812-4020 View (508) 812-4020
Photo of Yael Dai, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Yael Dai
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
I specialize in treating anxiety disorders (generalized, social, panic, phobias, OCD). Anxiety is adaptive, but it can become draining and interfere with enjoyable, meaningful, or necessary activities. Over the past 8 years, I have helped clients experience relief from this type of anxiety and resume activities they value. I also have expertise in working with autistic individuals (e.g., to reduce anxiety and improve mood, social skills, and relationships) and their parents. In addition, I enjoy providing family therapy to help families navigate transitions, improve communication, and experience closer connections.
I specialize in treating anxiety disorders (generalized, social, panic, phobias, OCD). Anxiety is adaptive, but it can become draining and interfere with enjoyable, meaningful, or necessary activities. Over the past 8 years, I have helped clients experience relief from this type of anxiety and resume activities they value. I also have expertise in working with autistic individuals (e.g., to reduce anxiety and improve mood, social skills, and relationships) and their parents. In addition, I enjoy providing family therapy to help families navigate transitions, improve communication, and experience closer connections.
(617) 977-4651 View (617) 977-4651
Photo of Matthew Schrock, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Matthew Schrock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Dr. Schrock is a clinical psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group with appointments at McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School. He is the co-director of Psychology Training for the McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School Doctoral Internship in Clinical Psychology and is a senior staff psychologist at McLean’s Behavioral Health Partial Hospital Program. He received his Ph.D in Clinical Psychology from the University of Louisville, and he completed his internship and postdoctoral fellowships at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School.
Dr. Schrock is a clinical psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group with appointments at McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School. He is the co-director of Psychology Training for the McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School Doctoral Internship in Clinical Psychology and is a senior staff psychologist at McLean’s Behavioral Health Partial Hospital Program. He received his Ph.D in Clinical Psychology from the University of Louisville, and he completed his internship and postdoctoral fellowships at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School.
(617) 841-8359 View (617) 841-8359
Photo of Karen Capraro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Karen Capraro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Waitlist for new clients
I've worked in inpatient psychiatry, outpatient clinics, and school counseling and specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, eating issues, stress, relationships, ADHD, parenting and women's issues. I use a strengths-based, collaborative approach with clients and their families in assessment and treatment planning and utilize many treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focused, and mindfulness-based techniques.
I've worked in inpatient psychiatry, outpatient clinics, and school counseling and specialize in the treatment of depression, anxiety, eating issues, stress, relationships, ADHD, parenting and women's issues. I use a strengths-based, collaborative approach with clients and their families in assessment and treatment planning and utilize many treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focused, and mindfulness-based techniques.
(781) 859-0501 View (781) 859-0501
Photo of Carolyn D Greene, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Carolyn D Greene
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am here to offer you help through life’s most difficult transitions. Anxiety, depression, past trauma, and current stressors can weigh us down. Sometimes, even positive changes, like pregnancy and postpartum, can be hard. While I can help clients with a variety of issues, my specialties include treatment of trauma/PTSD as well as treatment of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Welcome! I am here to offer you help through life’s most difficult transitions. Anxiety, depression, past trauma, and current stressors can weigh us down. Sometimes, even positive changes, like pregnancy and postpartum, can be hard. While I can help clients with a variety of issues, my specialties include treatment of trauma/PTSD as well as treatment of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
(339) 215-3882 View (339) 215-3882
Photo of Francine Lorimer, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Francine Lorimer
Psychologist, PsyD, IAAP
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I am a Jungian analyst and a clinical psychologist. I do psychotherapy with adults who have anxiety, depression, relationship problems or problems of self-acceptance. As a Jungian analyst, I work with adults who want to further their self-understanding, and possibly work on dreams, spirituality and find more fulfillment in their lives and relationships.
I am a Jungian analyst and a clinical psychologist. I do psychotherapy with adults who have anxiety, depression, relationship problems or problems of self-acceptance. As a Jungian analyst, I work with adults who want to further their self-understanding, and possibly work on dreams, spirituality and find more fulfillment in their lives and relationships.
(617) 600-6491 View (617) 600-6491
Photo of Sandy A Dixon, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Sandy A Dixon
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed psychologist in Massachusetts and I provide individual therapy to adults. My areas of particular interest include: depression, anxiety, stress management, relational concerns and conflicts, gay/lesbian/bisexual issues, trauma and healing from traumatic experiences, veterans issues, and relational concerns and conflicts.
I am a licensed psychologist in Massachusetts and I provide individual therapy to adults. My areas of particular interest include: depression, anxiety, stress management, relational concerns and conflicts, gay/lesbian/bisexual issues, trauma and healing from traumatic experiences, veterans issues, and relational concerns and conflicts.
(781) 316-1809 View (781) 316-1809
Photo of Teri R. Freeman, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Teri R. Freeman
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I am engaged, focused,interactive,compassionate,direct, supportive, & value humor. In working with your awareness, I focus attention on ways to enhance the quality of your life through cognitive & behavioral changes as well as insight to change outmoded behaviors & patterns which may no longer serve you. Creating safety through good rapport & support of your feelings is paramount. I have trained extensively in trauma treatment hypnosis,mindfulness, somatic therapy, systems.With couples, I am passionate about helping you learn effective ways to listen well to each other, express yourselves & live fulfilling & intimate lives together.
I am engaged, focused,interactive,compassionate,direct, supportive, & value humor. In working with your awareness, I focus attention on ways to enhance the quality of your life through cognitive & behavioral changes as well as insight to change outmoded behaviors & patterns which may no longer serve you. Creating safety through good rapport & support of your feelings is paramount. I have trained extensively in trauma treatment hypnosis,mindfulness, somatic therapy, systems.With couples, I am passionate about helping you learn effective ways to listen well to each other, express yourselves & live fulfilling & intimate lives together.
(781) 369-5575 View (781) 369-5575
Nicole Caplin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Nicole Caplin is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2017. Facing hardship and difficult times are not meant to be done alone. Each of us will have times we need help from others, and making the choice to seek professional help can be empowering. Let Nicole walk beside you and together you will discover your own path to healing and recovery. Nicole has experience working with individuals who experience anxiety, depression, anger, mood disorders, PTSD, addiction, and dual diagnosis. She will meet you where you are at with compassion and understanding.
Nicole Caplin is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2017. Facing hardship and difficult times are not meant to be done alone. Each of us will have times we need help from others, and making the choice to seek professional help can be empowering. Let Nicole walk beside you and together you will discover your own path to healing and recovery. Nicole has experience working with individuals who experience anxiety, depression, anger, mood disorders, PTSD, addiction, and dual diagnosis. She will meet you where you are at with compassion and understanding.
(339) 330-1146 View (339) 330-1146
Photo of Lauren O'Neill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Lauren O'Neill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Lauren ONeill is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2023. As a therapist, Lauren employs an eclectic therapy approach to ensure interventions are tailored to each client's needs. Her areas of expertise include CBT, DBT, Mindfulness, and Expressive Arts therapy. She has worked with people of all ages, children, adolescents, and adults alike. Lauren is compelled to help individuals and families feel strengthened and empowered to navigate life's many challenges successfully. Given the opportunity, it would be an honor and a privilege to partner with you!.
Lauren ONeill is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2023. As a therapist, Lauren employs an eclectic therapy approach to ensure interventions are tailored to each client's needs. Her areas of expertise include CBT, DBT, Mindfulness, and Expressive Arts therapy. She has worked with people of all ages, children, adolescents, and adults alike. Lauren is compelled to help individuals and families feel strengthened and empowered to navigate life's many challenges successfully. Given the opportunity, it would be an honor and a privilege to partner with you!.
(339) 218-4123 View (339) 218-4123
Photo of Juliana Fay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Juliana Fay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Are you and your partner feeling “stuck” and disconnected due to family stress, questions around ethical non-monogomy, or lack of sexual intimacy? Or perhaps you are struggling to find clarity following a major life transition like a divorce, infidelity, or the discovery of a family secret? I blend my clinical expertise with a down-to-earth practicality and sense of humor that leaves you feeling both heard and empowered. My goal is always an authentic and aggressively nonjudgmental experience that allows you to explore the messy and complicated parts of being a human.
Are you and your partner feeling “stuck” and disconnected due to family stress, questions around ethical non-monogomy, or lack of sexual intimacy? Or perhaps you are struggling to find clarity following a major life transition like a divorce, infidelity, or the discovery of a family secret? I blend my clinical expertise with a down-to-earth practicality and sense of humor that leaves you feeling both heard and empowered. My goal is always an authentic and aggressively nonjudgmental experience that allows you to explore the messy and complicated parts of being a human.
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Photo of Susan J Lee, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Susan J Lee
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My therapeutic approach may look different depending on what is going on with the person and what his or her needs are, but I generally use an insight-oriented and cognitive approach. I help people figure things out, understand themselves better, sort out their thoughts and feelings, and gain perspective on themselves so that they are able to make effective choices in their lives and work towards greater emotional well-being. People generally describe me as having a calming presence and creating a safe environment for them.
My therapeutic approach may look different depending on what is going on with the person and what his or her needs are, but I generally use an insight-oriented and cognitive approach. I help people figure things out, understand themselves better, sort out their thoughts and feelings, and gain perspective on themselves so that they are able to make effective choices in their lives and work towards greater emotional well-being. People generally describe me as having a calming presence and creating a safe environment for them.
(781) 696-9940 View (781) 696-9940
Photo of Emma R. Worth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Emma R. Worth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Welcome. My work is to help you find more ease, joy, connection, meaning and purpose in your days. Emotional suffering is part of being human, but it is possible to face challenging life situations with a clear head and an open heart. We can cultivate trust and hope in the face of traumatic personal histories and loss. Wouldn’t it be nice to let go of fear and anxiety, as well as the old stories that still have a grip on you, to stop repeating self-defeating patterns and find a place at the clearing for something new?
Welcome. My work is to help you find more ease, joy, connection, meaning and purpose in your days. Emotional suffering is part of being human, but it is possible to face challenging life situations with a clear head and an open heart. We can cultivate trust and hope in the face of traumatic personal histories and loss. Wouldn’t it be nice to let go of fear and anxiety, as well as the old stories that still have a grip on you, to stop repeating self-defeating patterns and find a place at the clearing for something new?
(857) 285-2297 View (857) 285-2297
Photo of Adam Russell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Arlington, MA
Adam Russell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Are you seeking to understand yourself better? Are you looking to make sense of your relationship dynamics? Do you wish things were better, but you don't know how to get there? You CAN feel empowered by an expanding of your understanding, gathering insight, and educating the choices you make in how you decide to live your life. I work with couples, and adults to help make sense of obstacles, understand how relationship histories effect life today, and become more comfortable with themselves. This is done in an atmosphere where you are accepted for who you are. We can discuss your goals.
Are you seeking to understand yourself better? Are you looking to make sense of your relationship dynamics? Do you wish things were better, but you don't know how to get there? You CAN feel empowered by an expanding of your understanding, gathering insight, and educating the choices you make in how you decide to live your life. I work with couples, and adults to help make sense of obstacles, understand how relationship histories effect life today, and become more comfortable with themselves. This is done in an atmosphere where you are accepted for who you are. We can discuss your goals.
(339) 201-6547 View (339) 201-6547
Photo of Melissa Parker, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Melissa Parker
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I hold the understanding that all people have within themselves the wisdom and strength necessary to heal, and I believe that entering into a supportive and respectful therapeutic relationship can help these strengths and awarenesses emerge, develop, and grow. I enjoy working with people who desire a more peaceful and enjoyable life.
I hold the understanding that all people have within themselves the wisdom and strength necessary to heal, and I believe that entering into a supportive and respectful therapeutic relationship can help these strengths and awarenesses emerge, develop, and grow. I enjoy working with people who desire a more peaceful and enjoyable life.
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Photo of Marilyn Downs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Marilyn Downs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Not accepting new clients
I have over thirty years of experience providing therapy to adults of all ages. My style is warm, non-judgmental, respectful, and active. I use a blend of relational, mindfulness, psychodynamic and skills-based approaches to help you gain clarity and develop strategies to feel better. I am also trained in EMDR and sometimes incorporate those practices into my work with clients when needed. I am interested in seeing you as a whole person; understanding your experiences within your personal, cultural and social contexts; and supporting your strengths and resilience.
I have over thirty years of experience providing therapy to adults of all ages. My style is warm, non-judgmental, respectful, and active. I use a blend of relational, mindfulness, psychodynamic and skills-based approaches to help you gain clarity and develop strategies to feel better. I am also trained in EMDR and sometimes incorporate those practices into my work with clients when needed. I am interested in seeing you as a whole person; understanding your experiences within your personal, cultural and social contexts; and supporting your strengths and resilience.
(339) 209-0182 View (339) 209-0182

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Arlington, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Optum

How Therapists in Arlington, MA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.