Therapists in Smithtown, NY

Photo of Emotional Health Counseling & Consulting LCSW PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Emotional Health Counseling & Consulting LCSW PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
I understand that reaching out for help can be a daunting step, and I want you to know that you are not alone on this journey. Whether you're a young adult navigating the challenges of life or a parent juggling family and career, I am here to help. I also understand that life is full of transitions and uncertainties. Perhaps you're dealing with major life challenges, such as a trauma, a divorce, loss of a loss of a loved one, or career stress. These events can exacerbate feelings of anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms. No matter what you're facing, I am here to support you in regaining a sense of healing, resilience and hope.
I understand that reaching out for help can be a daunting step, and I want you to know that you are not alone on this journey. Whether you're a young adult navigating the challenges of life or a parent juggling family and career, I am here to help. I also understand that life is full of transitions and uncertainties. Perhaps you're dealing with major life challenges, such as a trauma, a divorce, loss of a loss of a loved one, or career stress. These events can exacerbate feelings of anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms. No matter what you're facing, I am here to support you in regaining a sense of healing, resilience and hope.
(631) 635-7622 View (631) 635-7622
Photo of Kaitlyn Mckee, Pre-Licensed Professional in Smithtown, NY
Kaitlyn Mckee
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP, NCC
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Kaitlyn is a psychotherapist who has worked with children, adolescents, and adults in a variety of settings. She has worked with individuals going through life transitions, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and interpersonal conflicts. Kaitlyn also has over 3 years of experience working with children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Kaitlyn believes everyone deserves a space to be completely themselves and understands the importance of an authentic and supportive environment. She utilizes an integrative approach to meet the needs/desires of each client.
Kaitlyn is a psychotherapist who has worked with children, adolescents, and adults in a variety of settings. She has worked with individuals going through life transitions, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and interpersonal conflicts. Kaitlyn also has over 3 years of experience working with children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Kaitlyn believes everyone deserves a space to be completely themselves and understands the importance of an authentic and supportive environment. She utilizes an integrative approach to meet the needs/desires of each client.
(631) 503-0615 View (631) 503-0615
Photo of Castle Counseling LCSW PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Castle Counseling LCSW PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, Ch
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Castle Counseling is a group of experienced psychotherapists providing services to individuals, couples and families of all ages. Our approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients address current life challenges and longstanding issues. With sensitivity and compassion in a confidential setting we help our clients find resolution to a wide range of personal concerns and psychological challenges.
Castle Counseling is a group of experienced psychotherapists providing services to individuals, couples and families of all ages. Our approach is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients address current life challenges and longstanding issues. With sensitivity and compassion in a confidential setting we help our clients find resolution to a wide range of personal concerns and psychological challenges.
(516) 226-7521 View (516) 226-7521
Photo of Beth Gabellini, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Beth Gabellini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
Life is tough and can sometimes get overwhelming. Perhaps you are rethinking your job, your relationship or other aspects of life. Maybe frustration is playing a bigger role in your life than you’d prefer. Don't ignore your feelings. It may be that a shift is taking place inside you telling you that you're ready for something different. If you are ready to create change and take action, let's work together!
Life is tough and can sometimes get overwhelming. Perhaps you are rethinking your job, your relationship or other aspects of life. Maybe frustration is playing a bigger role in your life than you’d prefer. Don't ignore your feelings. It may be that a shift is taking place inside you telling you that you're ready for something different. If you are ready to create change and take action, let's work together!
(631) 250-2856 View (631) 250-2856
Photo of Sarah Cupka in Smithtown, NY
Sarah Cupka
MHC-LP, CAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
I see you. I hear you. I understand the pain you're going through. You've been through emotional, physical or sexual abuse at the hands of someone who was supposed to love and protect you. It's not your fault, and I am here to help you overcome the pain and regain control of your life.  Mood swings, intense anxiety, feeling inadequate as a parent, codependency and struggling with your identity are all completely understandable responses. My goal is to help you learn to trust your judgment, embrace your flaws, and rediscover your worth.  You deserve love, happiness, and a bright future. I am here to help you achieve those goals.
I see you. I hear you. I understand the pain you're going through. You've been through emotional, physical or sexual abuse at the hands of someone who was supposed to love and protect you. It's not your fault, and I am here to help you overcome the pain and regain control of your life.  Mood swings, intense anxiety, feeling inadequate as a parent, codependency and struggling with your identity are all completely understandable responses. My goal is to help you learn to trust your judgment, embrace your flaws, and rediscover your worth.  You deserve love, happiness, and a bright future. I am here to help you achieve those goals.
(934) 203-8456 View (934) 203-8456
Photo of Anita Amoroso, Marriage & Family Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Anita Amoroso
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787  (Online Only)
While life alone can be chaotic, it doesn't make it any easier if you're having difficulties in your personal relationships too. This can lead to negative thoughts, depression & anxiety. Are you feeling unhappy in your relationship? Feeling disconnected from your partner, or there was an affair, maybe communication is difficult. Looking to reconnect, improve communication, resolve, or add a newness & freshness to the relationship? Know that it is possible. Time to feel good again & get rid of the heaviness of an unhappy & unhealthy relationship. Time to create a new you & a new relationship! Life will feel so much better!
While life alone can be chaotic, it doesn't make it any easier if you're having difficulties in your personal relationships too. This can lead to negative thoughts, depression & anxiety. Are you feeling unhappy in your relationship? Feeling disconnected from your partner, or there was an affair, maybe communication is difficult. Looking to reconnect, improve communication, resolve, or add a newness & freshness to the relationship? Know that it is possible. Time to feel good again & get rid of the heaviness of an unhappy & unhealthy relationship. Time to create a new you & a new relationship! Life will feel so much better!
(631) 619-7056 View (631) 619-7056
Photo of Nicholas Costa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Nicholas Costa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Sometimes life hits us hard. If you are dealing with a big transition, depression, anxiety, inattention, irritability or struggling to find hope, I’m here to say you are not alone and you can feel better. I help families, couples, adolescents, and adults learn how to manage diverse mental health challenges. We can build a collaborative environment to approach your goals and build skills to healthily cope with your troubles. As a person who has struggled with mental health issues in the past, I look forward to giving back and helping others work through their struggles.
Sometimes life hits us hard. If you are dealing with a big transition, depression, anxiety, inattention, irritability or struggling to find hope, I’m here to say you are not alone and you can feel better. I help families, couples, adolescents, and adults learn how to manage diverse mental health challenges. We can build a collaborative environment to approach your goals and build skills to healthily cope with your troubles. As a person who has struggled with mental health issues in the past, I look forward to giving back and helping others work through their struggles.
(631) 709-1056 View (631) 709-1056
Photo of Caitlin Alagna, Counselor in Smithtown, NY
Caitlin Alagna
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
I have over 10 years of experience working with adults and adolescents with a wide range of problems, including ADHD, trauma, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, career issues, and adjustment stress. I provide therapy that is solution-focused and tailored to the needs of each individual client. I strive to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to understand your feelings, develop better insight, and use your strengths to navigate life’s challenges.
I have over 10 years of experience working with adults and adolescents with a wide range of problems, including ADHD, trauma, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, career issues, and adjustment stress. I provide therapy that is solution-focused and tailored to the needs of each individual client. I strive to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to understand your feelings, develop better insight, and use your strengths to navigate life’s challenges.
(934) 203-8222 View (934) 203-8222
Photo of Linda Sleszynski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Linda Sleszynski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Learn to treat yourself with the same kindness you so easily extend to others! You may have previously examined your childhood issues in therapy yet still struggle with your self-esteem. You may judge yourself harshly, placing your needs last. You may experience difficulties in relationships or dealing with painful transitions, or feel you have lost your sense of self. My nearly 20 years as a Clinician coupled with advanced training allows me to work with you on a meaningful and compassionate level you have not experienced previously. Learn to appreciate your sensitivities and vulnerabilities as strengths, not weaknesses.
Learn to treat yourself with the same kindness you so easily extend to others! You may have previously examined your childhood issues in therapy yet still struggle with your self-esteem. You may judge yourself harshly, placing your needs last. You may experience difficulties in relationships or dealing with painful transitions, or feel you have lost your sense of self. My nearly 20 years as a Clinician coupled with advanced training allows me to work with you on a meaningful and compassionate level you have not experienced previously. Learn to appreciate your sensitivities and vulnerabilities as strengths, not weaknesses.
(631) 830-0128 View (631) 830-0128
Photo of Rhea N Spina, Counselor in Smithtown, NY
Rhea N Spina
Counselor, LMHC, KAP
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Accepting New Clients - Daytime M-F 10am - 2pm. Rhea Spina is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapist, Reiki Master, and Vibrational Sound Therapist. Some of Rhea's specialties include working with teens & young adults, substance use and recovery, anxiety, life transitions and spirituality. She also offers consultation and guided insight services. Located at the serene Holistic Center for Soulful Living, Rhea's therapeutic approach seamlessly integrates complementary and alternative modalities. She works to foster awareness and overall well-being.
Accepting New Clients - Daytime M-F 10am - 2pm. Rhea Spina is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapist, Reiki Master, and Vibrational Sound Therapist. Some of Rhea's specialties include working with teens & young adults, substance use and recovery, anxiety, life transitions and spirituality. She also offers consultation and guided insight services. Located at the serene Holistic Center for Soulful Living, Rhea's therapeutic approach seamlessly integrates complementary and alternative modalities. She works to foster awareness and overall well-being.
(631) 250-2854 View (631) 250-2854
Photo of Matthew Douglas Gee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Matthew Douglas Gee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
I teach and practice a fushion of spiritual psychological and social tools to help individuals and families strengthen their relationship with self and others in an effort to optimize outcomes such as mental and physical health, professional satisfaction and goal attainment.
I teach and practice a fushion of spiritual psychological and social tools to help individuals and families strengthen their relationship with self and others in an effort to optimize outcomes such as mental and physical health, professional satisfaction and goal attainment.
(934) 203-4849 View (934) 203-4849
Photo of Lisa A Catanzaro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Lisa A Catanzaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW -R
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787  (Online Only)
The first step in therapy is having the courage to reach out. You are on the right track by being on here today! You deserve to find someone that you can be open and honest with who will respect and support you on your journey. I strive to be supportive and provide a safe space to collaborate in helping you achieve your goals in therapy.
The first step in therapy is having the courage to reach out. You are on the right track by being on here today! You deserve to find someone that you can be open and honest with who will respect and support you on your journey. I strive to be supportive and provide a safe space to collaborate in helping you achieve your goals in therapy.
(934) 202-4471 View (934) 202-4471
Photo of Iris Eplan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Iris Eplan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
I have a passion to serve and help others thrive emotionally, mentally and spiritually. Being in the healing field for many years as a yoga and meditation teacher, sound healer and counselor, I have worked with both groups and individuals to help them unlock their inherent potential and work through limiting beliefs. Specializing in adults, children and adolescent, clients with all different challenges can benefit. Using different modalities including CBT, DBT, mindfulness, and other integrated approaches, clients are able to lead happier, more fulfilling lives. Loving kindness is central!
I have a passion to serve and help others thrive emotionally, mentally and spiritually. Being in the healing field for many years as a yoga and meditation teacher, sound healer and counselor, I have worked with both groups and individuals to help them unlock their inherent potential and work through limiting beliefs. Specializing in adults, children and adolescent, clients with all different challenges can benefit. Using different modalities including CBT, DBT, mindfulness, and other integrated approaches, clients are able to lead happier, more fulfilling lives. Loving kindness is central!
(631) 490-5857 View (631) 490-5857
Photo of Molly Ryan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Molly Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
I utilize a holistic trauma informed lens to work collaboratively with those seeking help to live fuller, more satisfying lives. In our work together I can help you recognize the impact of stress and trauma on the mind, body, and spirit using evidence-based approaches grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as yoga, mindfulness, and creative expression. Together we will explore emotions in a non-judgmental space, reframe unhelpful thoughts or beliefs that no longer serve your highest good, and come up with practical solutions that help you feel more grounded, calm, and in control of your own life.
I utilize a holistic trauma informed lens to work collaboratively with those seeking help to live fuller, more satisfying lives. In our work together I can help you recognize the impact of stress and trauma on the mind, body, and spirit using evidence-based approaches grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as well as yoga, mindfulness, and creative expression. Together we will explore emotions in a non-judgmental space, reframe unhelpful thoughts or beliefs that no longer serve your highest good, and come up with practical solutions that help you feel more grounded, calm, and in control of your own life.
(631) 868-5367 View (631) 868-5367
Photo of Brianna Quirk, Counselor in Smithtown, NY
Brianna Quirk
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
As a passionate and driven advocate for mental health, I believe that therapy is an important journey. I believe that we all have the ability to find inner peace, but sometimes we need the right support to get ourselves started. I currently am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and I believe that recognizing and changing harmful thought processes and behaviors is the first step toward a happier and healthier life. I strive to provide a comfortable environment for my clients and to help them find the best parts of themselves. I believe each one of my clients has the ability to heal and would love to help you begin your journey!
As a passionate and driven advocate for mental health, I believe that therapy is an important journey. I believe that we all have the ability to find inner peace, but sometimes we need the right support to get ourselves started. I currently am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and I believe that recognizing and changing harmful thought processes and behaviors is the first step toward a happier and healthier life. I strive to provide a comfortable environment for my clients and to help them find the best parts of themselves. I believe each one of my clients has the ability to heal and would love to help you begin your journey!
(631) 212-9602 View (631) 212-9602
Photo of Justin DiScalfani, Ph.D., BCBA-D, LBA, Psychologist in Smithtown, NY
Justin DiScalfani, Ph.D., BCBA-D, LBA
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D, LBA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
Dr. DiScalfani is a Licensed Psychologist, Licensed Behavior Analyst, Board Certified Behavior Analyst, and Certified School Psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing services to children, adolescents and adults in a variety of settings. He utilizes cognitive behavior therapy, behavior analysis, and mindfulness based approaches to develop evidence based treatment plans for patients and their families. Dr. DiScalfani specializes in complex psychological evaluations and treatment for PTSD/Trauma, Anxiety, Divorce/Custody related matters, behavioral health issues and Autism Diagnostic Evaluations,.
Dr. DiScalfani is a Licensed Psychologist, Licensed Behavior Analyst, Board Certified Behavior Analyst, and Certified School Psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing services to children, adolescents and adults in a variety of settings. He utilizes cognitive behavior therapy, behavior analysis, and mindfulness based approaches to develop evidence based treatment plans for patients and their families. Dr. DiScalfani specializes in complex psychological evaluations and treatment for PTSD/Trauma, Anxiety, Divorce/Custody related matters, behavioral health issues and Autism Diagnostic Evaluations,.
(631) 240-4982 View (631) 240-4982
Photo of Patricia Beller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Patricia Beller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Not accepting new clients
Are you constantly worrying about your relationships, health, finances or career? Have you lost interest in the things that once brought you joy? Do you feel hopeless, helpless or overwhelmed? Every person has unique struggles and challenges. Regardless of your situation, I'm here to guide you toward the growth and change you are looking for. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience helping individuals, couples and families. In our sessions, we will work together to identify the changes you want to make and find the path to get you there.
Are you constantly worrying about your relationships, health, finances or career? Have you lost interest in the things that once brought you joy? Do you feel hopeless, helpless or overwhelmed? Every person has unique struggles and challenges. Regardless of your situation, I'm here to guide you toward the growth and change you are looking for. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience helping individuals, couples and families. In our sessions, we will work together to identify the changes you want to make and find the path to get you there.
(516) 639-0925 View (516) 639-0925
Photo of Maryclaire Moley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Smithtown, NY
Maryclaire Moley
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, BT
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate professional who strives to make therapy a transformative & positive experience. I work mainly with adolescents and adults struggling with Mental Health and Behavioral issues.
I am a compassionate professional who strives to make therapy a transformative & positive experience. I work mainly with adolescents and adults struggling with Mental Health and Behavioral issues.
(631) 658-5913 View (631) 658-5913
Photo of Evan Skolnik, Psychologist in Smithtown, NY
Evan Skolnik
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Smithtown, NY 11787
Dr. Skolnik is a NYS Licensed Psychologist who received his doctorate in Psychology from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine.  He has extensive experience both assessing and treating children, adolescents, and adults in private and school settings. While trained and grounded in Cognitive-Behavior therapy, Dr. Skolnik incorporates a variety of evidence-based treatments to individualize a plan based on the needs and goals of each person he works with.
Dr. Skolnik is a NYS Licensed Psychologist who received his doctorate in Psychology from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine.  He has extensive experience both assessing and treating children, adolescents, and adults in private and school settings. While trained and grounded in Cognitive-Behavior therapy, Dr. Skolnik incorporates a variety of evidence-based treatments to individualize a plan based on the needs and goals of each person he works with.
(631) 257-7994 View (631) 257-7994
Photo of Kristina Combs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Smithtown, NY
Kristina Combs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Smithtown, NY 11787
Congratulations on taking the first step to finding solutions and guidance! This is a safe place for you to feel empowered, supported and heard. I am an LCSW who works with a holistic, empowering and strengths perspective approach. I believe my technique is unique; thinking outside the box to best serve my clients. We all are capable of possessing tools to solve problems and grow from difficult situations.
Congratulations on taking the first step to finding solutions and guidance! This is a safe place for you to feel empowered, supported and heard. I am an LCSW who works with a holistic, empowering and strengths perspective approach. I believe my technique is unique; thinking outside the box to best serve my clients. We all are capable of possessing tools to solve problems and grow from difficult situations.
(631) 557-5864 View (631) 557-5864

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Smithtown, NY

300+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Smithtown, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Coping Skills
71% Stress
65% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Smithtown, NY see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Smithtown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.