Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Laurie Mingus, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Laurie Mingus
Counselor, NCC, TLPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
I am a skilled listener, thoughtful communicator, and deeply empathetic therapist. I welcome teens, adults, and elderly clients into a comfortable and safe environment. My journey to Ellie Mental Health started over a decade ago, when good friends found themselves rescuing young women trafficked overseas. After hearing their stories, I developed a strong passion for assisting individuals grappling with mental health challenges. This experience ignited my determination to acquire the essential skills and education, and I obtained my Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Capella University and never looked back!
I am a skilled listener, thoughtful communicator, and deeply empathetic therapist. I welcome teens, adults, and elderly clients into a comfortable and safe environment. My journey to Ellie Mental Health started over a decade ago, when good friends found themselves rescuing young women trafficked overseas. After hearing their stories, I developed a strong passion for assisting individuals grappling with mental health challenges. This experience ignited my determination to acquire the essential skills and education, and I obtained my Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Capella University and never looked back!
(629) 276-4658 View (629) 276-4658
Photo of Jerald (Jt) Tisdale, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Jerald (Jt) Tisdale
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
Sometimes, your teen has experienced a traumatic event or is just having difficulty navigating life’s changes, such as divorce; the death of a family member; adoption; or adjusting to school, friends, and their self-identity. Communicating how they feel, especially to their parents, is not a teen’s strong point. As a result, both the teen and parents become frustrated. Adolescence is a significant life transition. Without some guidance (or interpreter), the process becomes a rocky road for all involved.
Sometimes, your teen has experienced a traumatic event or is just having difficulty navigating life’s changes, such as divorce; the death of a family member; adoption; or adjusting to school, friends, and their self-identity. Communicating how they feel, especially to their parents, is not a teen’s strong point. As a result, both the teen and parents become frustrated. Adolescence is a significant life transition. Without some guidance (or interpreter), the process becomes a rocky road for all involved.
(615) 488-7431 View (615) 488-7431
Photo of Claire Mosteller, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Claire Mosteller
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
Helping others is my nature and making a difference in someone’s life is my passion. I believe the best way to do that is to provide people the skills to help themselves grow through self-acceptance and personal development. I work with clients who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, and life transitions. I am particularly interested in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I believe, “Authenticity is the daily practice of letting go of who we think we’re supposed to be and embracing who we are.” - Brené Brown
Helping others is my nature and making a difference in someone’s life is my passion. I believe the best way to do that is to provide people the skills to help themselves grow through self-acceptance and personal development. I work with clients who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, and life transitions. I am particularly interested in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. I believe, “Authenticity is the daily practice of letting go of who we think we’re supposed to be and embracing who we are.” - Brené Brown
(615) 258-6978 View (615) 258-6978
Photo of Emily Simpson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Emily Simpson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37210
All of us can benefit from having someone walk with us through life's challenges. Reaching out takes courage. I'm passionate about building relationships with clients of all ages, rooted in developing trust and safety, to create the space and awareness to be who you were created to be. I believe we are designed to heal. Sometimes the strategies we developed to navigate the world initially helped us to survive, but they are no longer serving us, and are actually keeping us from living life fully. I journey alongside my clients as they reconnect with their true selves, rediscover hope, and step into a richer experience of life.
All of us can benefit from having someone walk with us through life's challenges. Reaching out takes courage. I'm passionate about building relationships with clients of all ages, rooted in developing trust and safety, to create the space and awareness to be who you were created to be. I believe we are designed to heal. Sometimes the strategies we developed to navigate the world initially helped us to survive, but they are no longer serving us, and are actually keeping us from living life fully. I journey alongside my clients as they reconnect with their true selves, rediscover hope, and step into a richer experience of life.
(615) 857-3890 View (615) 857-3890
Photo of Blair Prescott, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Blair Prescott
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37211  (Online Only)
I work with smart, kind, capable people, who, despite their successes, are overwhelmed with anxiety and self-critical thoughts. You want relief from the overwhelm, burnout, and people pleasing. Together, we will explore what's keeping you stuck and learn skills to relieve anxious and overly critical patterns, so you can get back in touch with who you are without all the noise. Even amongst the chaos, it's possible to ease your mind and access inner peace. It's not your fault you feel this way and, with a little help, you can find relief and move forward. You deserve relief and a chance to live your most whole-hearted life.
I work with smart, kind, capable people, who, despite their successes, are overwhelmed with anxiety and self-critical thoughts. You want relief from the overwhelm, burnout, and people pleasing. Together, we will explore what's keeping you stuck and learn skills to relieve anxious and overly critical patterns, so you can get back in touch with who you are without all the noise. Even amongst the chaos, it's possible to ease your mind and access inner peace. It's not your fault you feel this way and, with a little help, you can find relief and move forward. You deserve relief and a chance to live your most whole-hearted life.
(615) 685-5028 View (615) 685-5028
Photo of Holly Cook, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Holly Cook
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
At the core of everything I do in therapy is the belief that true healing happens through empowerment and love, not fear. Therapy encompasses a bit of art, science, intuition, and loving kindness. What works in therapy is a real person connecting to a real person and I believe the best therapists are those who show you where to look, but don't tell you what to see. My approach is based on a model of healing and empowerment to help you reconnect with that whole, thoughtful, creative, fearless human being you are and to trust your inner wisdom.
At the core of everything I do in therapy is the belief that true healing happens through empowerment and love, not fear. Therapy encompasses a bit of art, science, intuition, and loving kindness. What works in therapy is a real person connecting to a real person and I believe the best therapists are those who show you where to look, but don't tell you what to see. My approach is based on a model of healing and empowerment to help you reconnect with that whole, thoughtful, creative, fearless human being you are and to trust your inner wisdom.
(615) 338-6517 View (615) 338-6517
Photo of Karen Tringle, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Karen Tringle
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Something's been brewing for a while now, but there's always been more pressing *stuff* that needs your attention and plenty of distractions to keep you occupied. But lately those obligations and distractions aren't enough and you're stuck with those thoughts that won't go away, and that nagging feeling in your stomach that can no longer be ignored. You like to feel in control and capable--able to handle things on your own, but these are uncharted waters and there's no map in sight. What's more is that things that may never have been issues before are all of a sudden becoming problems you didn't know you had.
Something's been brewing for a while now, but there's always been more pressing *stuff* that needs your attention and plenty of distractions to keep you occupied. But lately those obligations and distractions aren't enough and you're stuck with those thoughts that won't go away, and that nagging feeling in your stomach that can no longer be ignored. You like to feel in control and capable--able to handle things on your own, but these are uncharted waters and there's no map in sight. What's more is that things that may never have been issues before are all of a sudden becoming problems you didn't know you had.
(615) 490-0848 View (615) 490-0848
Photo of Amora Freire Leite, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Amora Freire Leite
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37217
Does it sometimes feel like you’re stuck in the darkness and it’s hard to see where to go next? Do you want to increase a sense of lightness and connectedness in your life and relationships? If so, therapy can be a safe harbor from which to slow down and cast a light in your internal life and experiences and, within yourself, find ways to live a more fulfilling life. I have helped individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, substance use, life transitions and relational issues live life more fully after difficult experiences. I believe in each person's capacity to find the way to a brighter and more meaningful life.
Does it sometimes feel like you’re stuck in the darkness and it’s hard to see where to go next? Do you want to increase a sense of lightness and connectedness in your life and relationships? If so, therapy can be a safe harbor from which to slow down and cast a light in your internal life and experiences and, within yourself, find ways to live a more fulfilling life. I have helped individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, substance use, life transitions and relational issues live life more fully after difficult experiences. I believe in each person's capacity to find the way to a brighter and more meaningful life.
(615) 581-1671 View (615) 581-1671
Photo of Guided Path Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Guided Path Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, LPCC-S, LCHMC-S, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209  (Online Only)
Hi I'm Leah, the owner, CEO, and therapist for Guided Path Counseling. I am happy to have so many wonderful therapists at Guided Path! We will make sure that you are paired with the therapist that best fits your needs. We have experience working with a variety of populations, including incarcerated, inpatient, couples, military, families, adolescents, and children. Besides traditional therapy, I offer assessments for emotional support animals and evaluations for gender affirming care procedures.
Hi I'm Leah, the owner, CEO, and therapist for Guided Path Counseling. I am happy to have so many wonderful therapists at Guided Path! We will make sure that you are paired with the therapist that best fits your needs. We have experience working with a variety of populations, including incarcerated, inpatient, couples, military, families, adolescents, and children. Besides traditional therapy, I offer assessments for emotional support animals and evaluations for gender affirming care procedures.
(615) 285-5805 View (615) 285-5805
Photo of Eleanor Persekian, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Eleanor Persekian
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
I am accepting new patients! I work with adolescents 16 and over and adults. I have experience working with various presenting concerns and my specialties include anxiety, depression, body image issues, social skills, life transitions, self-esteem, stress management, and school issues.
I am accepting new patients! I work with adolescents 16 and over and adults. I have experience working with various presenting concerns and my specialties include anxiety, depression, body image issues, social skills, life transitions, self-esteem, stress management, and school issues.
(615) 471-6845 View (615) 471-6845
Photo of Mara Fleischer, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Mara Fleischer
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Sometimes the problems we face feel insurmountable. At times, we even feel embarrassed or ashamed to talk about them. I provide a space for you to be accepted, listened to and understood. Using an evidence-based approach grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, you will learn the tools to help you make changes to your life - in line with your values.
Sometimes the problems we face feel insurmountable. At times, we even feel embarrassed or ashamed to talk about them. I provide a space for you to be accepted, listened to and understood. Using an evidence-based approach grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, you will learn the tools to help you make changes to your life - in line with your values.
(615) 454-9247 View (615) 454-9247
Photo of Cole G. Putman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Cole G. Putman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
As a therapist, I strive to create an environment for my clients that fosters acceptance and connection in a way that best supports their healing and their journey. It is one of the greatest honors of my life to walk beside my clients through sorrow, anxiety, joy – all the experiences inherent in being human. I seek to aid clients in recognizing their own strengths as well as assist them in developing new coping skills to meet life’s challenges. As a therapist, I aim to greet every client, every session with non-judgment, radical acceptance, and a genuine interest in their wellbeing.
As a therapist, I strive to create an environment for my clients that fosters acceptance and connection in a way that best supports their healing and their journey. It is one of the greatest honors of my life to walk beside my clients through sorrow, anxiety, joy – all the experiences inherent in being human. I seek to aid clients in recognizing their own strengths as well as assist them in developing new coping skills to meet life’s challenges. As a therapist, I aim to greet every client, every session with non-judgment, radical acceptance, and a genuine interest in their wellbeing.
(615) 219-2690 View (615) 219-2690
Photo of David Hofstetter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
David Hofstetter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LADAC, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
Success is defined in a number of different ways and is different to every person. However, it does not always translate to the happiness, mental wellness, or contentment that we may expect it to provide. In order to explore our own life satisfaction, we have to identify what brings that joy / fulfillment / purpose and what is standing in the way of these experiences / feelings, that may seem inaccessible for various reasons or in a certain stage of life. I like to say, "we don't know what we don't know," and gaining personal insight takes both time and intentionality. Once gained, this insight can be truly life-changing.
Success is defined in a number of different ways and is different to every person. However, it does not always translate to the happiness, mental wellness, or contentment that we may expect it to provide. In order to explore our own life satisfaction, we have to identify what brings that joy / fulfillment / purpose and what is standing in the way of these experiences / feelings, that may seem inaccessible for various reasons or in a certain stage of life. I like to say, "we don't know what we don't know," and gaining personal insight takes both time and intentionality. Once gained, this insight can be truly life-changing.
(615) 645-2796 View (615) 645-2796
Photo of Travis Hupp, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Nashville, TN
Travis Hupp
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADACII, CAADC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37221
As a licensed counselor with years of experience in alcohol and drug addiction, I understand the challenges that come with seeking help for addiction. My approach is grounded in empathy, respect, and non-judgment. I work collaboratively with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans that meet their unique needs. I provide practical strategies to manage cravings and cope with triggers. I am committed to providing you with the highest quality of care and will support you every step of the way.
As a licensed counselor with years of experience in alcohol and drug addiction, I understand the challenges that come with seeking help for addiction. My approach is grounded in empathy, respect, and non-judgment. I work collaboratively with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans that meet their unique needs. I provide practical strategies to manage cravings and cope with triggers. I am committed to providing you with the highest quality of care and will support you every step of the way.
(615) 703-2946 View (615) 703-2946
Photo of Charles Bernard Self, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Charles Bernard Self
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
My ideal client is one who has experienced setbacks, failures or traumas and is intent on moving beyond those issues to find joy, peace and fulfillment in life. I cherish the opportunity to investigate the possibilities and options open to individuals, couples and families to promote greater health, connection and celebration in their experience of life.
My ideal client is one who has experienced setbacks, failures or traumas and is intent on moving beyond those issues to find joy, peace and fulfillment in life. I cherish the opportunity to investigate the possibilities and options open to individuals, couples and families to promote greater health, connection and celebration in their experience of life.
(615) 551-1246 View (615) 551-1246
Photo of Cathryn Yarbrough, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Cathryn Yarbrough
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
Not accepting new clients
Although I am not presently taking new clients, I wish you success on your search for a therapist. I also want to remind you that every problem you face is an opportunity to evolve - to learn and to deepen your understanding of yourself and others; to increase your capacity for joy, connectedness, and emotional maturity. This is a lifelong journey. As you seek guidance on your present leg of the journey, I hope you find someone who will walk beside you with compassion and curiosity.
Although I am not presently taking new clients, I wish you success on your search for a therapist. I also want to remind you that every problem you face is an opportunity to evolve - to learn and to deepen your understanding of yourself and others; to increase your capacity for joy, connectedness, and emotional maturity. This is a lifelong journey. As you seek guidance on your present leg of the journey, I hope you find someone who will walk beside you with compassion and curiosity.
(615) 219-0706 View (615) 219-0706
Photo of Angie de Meistre, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Angie de Meistre
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Waitlist for new clients
I employ an integrative and holistic Attachment and Mindfulness-based therapeutic framework rooted in Narrative, Restoration (RT), and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) modalities to support and help co-create opportunities for healing for women (19+), families, and couples navigating the perinatal and postpartum period, pregnancy and infant loss, and infertility. Additionally, I have experience working with relationship stress, seismic life transitions, grief and loss, family conflict, anxiety, depression, chronic illnesses and major medical diagnoses, and trauma.
I employ an integrative and holistic Attachment and Mindfulness-based therapeutic framework rooted in Narrative, Restoration (RT), and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) modalities to support and help co-create opportunities for healing for women (19+), families, and couples navigating the perinatal and postpartum period, pregnancy and infant loss, and infertility. Additionally, I have experience working with relationship stress, seismic life transitions, grief and loss, family conflict, anxiety, depression, chronic illnesses and major medical diagnoses, and trauma.
(931) 271-5806 View (931) 271-5806
Photo of NOCD - Therapists for OCD, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
NOCD - Therapists for OCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(872) 259-5061 View (872) 259-5061
Photo of Nashville Collaborative Counseling Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Nashville Collaborative Counseling Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37228
Nashville Collaborative Counseling Center is a group practice of mental healthcare therapists and helping professionals committed to creating spaces of accessibility, healing, and justice for our clients and the communities in which we serve. We also have a speciality practice within NCCC called Mamaya Health (UHC Community Plan (TN Medicaid) geared towards women who are pregnant and/or postpartum. Our interns within this program have expertise in maternal mental health, as well as focused consultation & supervision to provide you with specialized care at a time when you need it most.
Nashville Collaborative Counseling Center is a group practice of mental healthcare therapists and helping professionals committed to creating spaces of accessibility, healing, and justice for our clients and the communities in which we serve. We also have a speciality practice within NCCC called Mamaya Health (UHC Community Plan (TN Medicaid) geared towards women who are pregnant and/or postpartum. Our interns within this program have expertise in maternal mental health, as well as focused consultation & supervision to provide you with specialized care at a time when you need it most.
(615) 258-6519 View (615) 258-6519
Photo of Meg Bearman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Meg Bearman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, ATR-P
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37206
I have over a decade of experience specifically treating trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, life-transitions, and communication/relationship support. I offer weekly psychotherapy to clients using a strengths-based, integrative, and psychodynamic approach to help increase self-insight, self-esteem, and seIf-compassion. I view each client as a unique and individual being, and we work together to figure out your best course of treatment and healing. My goal is to help you live your most fulfilled life, all while being your most authentic self- my goal is for you is to thrive.
I have over a decade of experience specifically treating trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, life-transitions, and communication/relationship support. I offer weekly psychotherapy to clients using a strengths-based, integrative, and psychodynamic approach to help increase self-insight, self-esteem, and seIf-compassion. I view each client as a unique and individual being, and we work together to figure out your best course of treatment and healing. My goal is to help you live your most fulfilled life, all while being your most authentic self- my goal is for you is to thrive.
(615) 645-2803 View (615) 645-2803

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.